The Development of the Oil and Gas Industry of Turkmenia

The history of the oil and gas industry of Turkmenia is reviewd against the background of the problems of development resulting from the desert environment. Gas production was limited to small utilization of West Turkmen oil-field gas until the start of development of large natural-gas deposits at Achak and elsewhere in northeast and southeast Turkmenia.     

Nomads of the Desert West: A shifting continuum in prehistory

The Desert West, a term first employed by Jesse D. Jennings to describe the geographic region where Desert culture evolved, is used to frame a discussion of adaptive diversity that focuses on the time period 1250 to 750 B.P. Variable pathways into and out of sedentism are explored and subsistence intensification, exchange, ideology, and warfare are discussed in relation to an adaptive mosaic of nomads and agriculturalists. I argue that a conjoint prehistory of the Great Basin and the Southwest is both possible and desirable and is needed to illuminate general social processes and major episodes of culture change affecting groups in the Desert West.     

Local Water Supplies in the Desert and Agricultural Development

The water supply of range lands involves two Important problems: the availability of mineralized groundwater and the need for providing water to a large area with limited consumption at each watering point. Although the practice was long discouraged, herders have successfully supplied animals with water having a salt content of up to about 15 grams per liter, other water-supply possibilities, aside from the freezing method, Include the collection of rainwater in natural underground reservoirs and the tapping of lenticular freshwater strata discovered in sandy deserts.     

新疆沙漠旅游及其开发研究

近几年来,旅游业一个较为显著的趋势是旅游者对产品中参与性活动的要求增加,沙漠旅游这一新兴的参与度极高的旅游产品越来越受到人们的关注。本文相关文献收集整理的基础上,对目前沙漠旅游的内涵、分类等进行了系统综述,分析了新疆沙漠旅游的条件与机遇以及目前新疆沙漠旅游的开发现状,以期能对实践起到一定的指导作用。     

Basic Problems in the Study and Development of Desert Territories of the USSR

The desert zone of the Soviet Union is assuming an increasingly important role as a source of mineral resources, especially oil and gas, and as a region of stock herding, including the valuable karakul sheep. Lack of water and shifting sand are the principal development obstacles. An interagency research council under the Academy of Sciences USSR and the present specialized desert journal were established in 1967 to coordinate Soviet desert research and publish its basic results.     

论西部开发与民族工作

西部是我国少数民族居住比较集中的地区,在西部大开发中做好民族工作意义重大。文章主要论述了西部大开发中民族工作的历史地位以及做好民族工作应该把握好的几个问题。     

西方近代边疆理论的初步发展

文章认为，在资本主义的产生、发展时期，民族国家的出现是近代边疆理论形成的重要前提，重商主义与殖民扩张则是近代边疆理论形成的内在动力。这一时期，传统边疆向近代边疆的转变、国际法的初现也对近代边疆理论的发展产生了重要影响。     

中国共产党与西部大开发

本文回顾了中国西部大开发的历史,阐述了党的三代领导集体关于西部开发的战略构想及取得的成就,并从中得到启示,展示了中国共产党实施西部大开发战略的决心和信心,展示了党中央实施西部大开发战略以来所谱写的辉煌篇章.     

向沙漠“进军”

在中国辽阔版图的西北角,有一片占到国土面积1/6的热土,那就是欧亚大陆的黄金地带,令游人心驰神往的新疆维吾尔自治区。在这里,壮观的自然景象应有尽有：从雪山草原到风蚀地貌,从云杉森林到高原湖泊,从长河落日到广袤草原,从戈壁绿洲到田园风光,人们不得不对它的广阔和博大发出由衷的赞叹。中国第一沙漠：塔克拉玛干曾几何时,新疆的＂大＂,又何尝不是路途遥远、交通困难的代名词。新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠,是中国西部一片浩瀚、干燥的沙质荒地,横卧在新疆塔里木盆地中部。在维吾尔语中,塔克拉玛干是＂进去出不来的意思＂。     

踏沙而行,风景这边独好

沙漠,由于其特殊的地理环境特征成为了地球上最独特的自然景观之一。在我国古代,它是边塞诗中常见的意象,＂大漠沙如雪,燕山月似钩＂＂大漠风尘日色昏,红旗半卷出辕门＂＂君不见走马川行雪海边,平沙莽莽黄入天＂,茫茫沙海,无边无际,没有水源的滋养,没有绿树的庇荫,似乎除了戍边御敌的战士外,沙漠是鲜有人踏足的无人区。如今,沙漠已远离了战争的烽烟,一股沙漠旅游热正扑面而来。长河落日、黄沙漫天的风光不再只是历史资料记载中的图景,     

西部大开发应确立人才资源优先开发战略

西部开发离不开人才资源的智力支持,要埘立人才资源为第一资源的观念,确定人才资源优先发展战略,造就人才队伍,在立足本地人才资源开发的同时,建立健全人才资源开发的市场运行机制,通过市场调节来实现人才资源的合理配置,在西部地区刨造一个开发人才、留住人才、吸引人才的机制和氛围。     

论大开发中的西部就业市场均衡

西部大开发要求形成以生态、环保产业为基础,以交通运输业为依托,以特色产业为支柱的特殊产业梯次。本基于此分析了西部上述相关产业各类劳动力的需求状况以及供给形势,认为多种专业人才在相当长时期内将供给不足,而普通劳动力则有所过剩。为促进西部就为市场均衡,应积极实施完整的劳动就业市场化政策,加大人才引进和劳动力培训力度。     

Barriers and Limitations in the Development of Industrial Innovation in the Region

The growing interest in public policy contributing to the expansion of industrial innovation, has become increasingly significant, resulting from the interrelationship between innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth. This article presents the results of an empirical study in identifying the most important barriers to the development of innovation, as ascribed by industrial firms belonging to the high-tech sector alongside the more traditional industries. The data were collected through field survey of industrial firms, located in the Northern region of Israel. A considerable unexpected similarity was identified in the most important factors that constitute barriers to innovation, between the industrial sectors and the different regions investigated. The most significant limitations are those that relate to the high risk involved with the engagement in innovation. The risks are related, on the one hand, to the lack of financial resources, and on the other hand, to the high cost needed for this engagement, thereby affecting the time needed for return on investment. Additionally, the lack of highly skilled workers was also found to be a significant barrier.     

中国乡村旅游发展产业升级问题

近年来游客对乡村旅游的需求渐热,我国乡村旅游的发展在经历了一轮较快的原始积累阶段之后,遇到了一定的瓶颈.本文通过对国内外乡村旅游发展情况的综述和总结,在分析国内乡村旅游发展形式和国外部分发达地区经验的基础上,从产品、营销和市场拓展三方面提出针对我国目前乡村旅游产业的升级建议和设想.     

Prospects of Development of the Industrial Complex of the Volga-Vyatka Major Economic Region

The Volga-Vyatka region, one of the Soviet Union's leading machinery and chemical producers, has potentialities for further growth in these two industries. Favorable factors are a skilled labor force and a central transportation location in European Russia, midway between raw-material suppliers and markets. In view of industrial overcrowding in the Gor'kiy and, ultimately, Kirov urban areas, future industrial construction should be planned in medium-size and small cities and in the region's peripheral areas.     

翁文灏拟《中国西部经济近期发展备忘录》--英驻华使馆函送英外交部复制件

本件史料藏于英国国家档案馆,系国民政府经济部长翁灏函送重庆英领馆之备忘录。