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The increasing impact of urbanization on the natural environment and physical constraints on city planning in the various natural zones of the USSR call for a program of research that would bring to bear the tools of the various geographical disciplines on the problem and might give rise to a distinctive geography of city planning. Geomorphology might be concerned with a variety of caving and slumping processes typical of large cities; climatology with the impact of cities on the microclimate of an area; hydrology with watertable changes and water-management problems, and biogeography with the distinctive plant and animal life of large cities and urban agglomerations. More complex, integrated research in both physical and economic geography would deal with the choice of suitable sites for new cities, particularly in extreme types of environment; with predictive aspects of the impact of urbanization, and the functional structure of cities. A number of cities and parts of cities with different layouts and different environmental settings should be designated as experimental study areas for geographical research of a more systematic character.  相似文献   

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PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION IN GEOGRAPHY   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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The study of oceans as a subfield of geography has gained acceptance in the Soviet Union. Some universities have introduced courses in marine geography, and geographers have participated in oceanographic research voyages. An effort is made here to define the place of a marine geography within the geographic discipline as a whole, to set the spatial limits for geographical investigations of the oceans and to suggest problem areas suitable for geographical analysis. In keeping with the Soviet dichotomy, physical and economic geographic problems are distinguished. Physical-geographic problem areas would include study of oceanic water masses; large-scale interaction between oceans and atmosphere; study of island environments, and the biogeography of oceans. Economic geographic problems would focus both on theoretical aspects, such as spatial regularities in human activities related to oceans, and on applied aspects, providing a sound basis for economic development of ocean areas.  相似文献   

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A discussion of the various environmental impacts of the BAM and of the role of geographers in anticipating and preventing them. Intermontane basins offer relatively favorable areas for settlement, but lack of ventilation rules out the location of polluting industries. Avalanches, ground ice and snow drifting pose particular problems along the route, requiring special-purpose investigations and control measures. A mapping program is proposed to identify farming areas with the most favorable heat supply. A system of geographical field stations is needed to study environmental modification on the ground. Recommendations are made for optimal approaches to settling the BAM zone, distinguishing three categories of population groups: railroad workers, miners and lumbering personnel. Preservation of the indigenous hunting and reindeer economy is urged because of the importance of furs for exports and the use of reindeer as pack animals. Portions of the natural landscape are to be preserved for scientific purposes and, ultimately, for tourism as natural monuments.  相似文献   

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The long-term grain requirements of the growing Soviet population are calculated. On the basis of the relationship between water use and grain yields by natural soil zones of the USSR, the authors show that the amount of water needed per unit of output declines with a growth of productivity, especially in the non-chernozem zone of the Soviet Union. It is therefore concluded that greater water savings might be assured by expanding grain production in zones with an adequate supply of natural moisture rather than by the use of artificial irrigation of arid lands.  相似文献   

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人文地理学理论的多元性   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
唐晓峰  李平 《人文地理》2001,16(2):42-44
在西方地理学界,八十年代以后,人主义与后现代主义思潮兴起,推动了人地理学理论的多元化发展,在人地理研究中,针对不同性质的问题,应采用与之相对应的适合理论,而不应不顾问题的属性,盲目地追逐理论的新奇时髦。理论与问题的统一性,是运用理论成败的关键。  相似文献   

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The authors demonstrate that place names can help to reconstruct the changing geography of Moscow by identifying and localizing the stages of the city's growth, the development of its radial-circular layout, the absorption of adjoining villages, the distribution of handicrafts and industries, and the existence of hydrographic features and vegetative cover. (The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.)  相似文献   

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SOME ASPECTS OF THE GEOGRAPHY OF FINANCE IN CANADA   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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L ocational c onflict is a frequent by-product of efforts to change the physical structure of man-made environments. Within the geography discipline, theoretical and empirical interests in the conflict basis of public and private decisions on the use of land were stimulated in the early 1970s by the work of Julian Wolpert and his associates.1 The resolution of conflicts over the locations of specific activities is seen as an important means of allocating benefits among locations2 and has led to considerable variations in the distribution of necessary services and amenities among residents of the city.3 Indeed, irrespective of overt evidences of conflict occurrence, David Harvey has characterized the land-use pattern itself as an important indicator of the socio-political rules which direct urban development.4  相似文献   

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美国人口地理学的近期进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
张文新 《人文地理》2001,16(1):6-10
20世纪90年代以来,美国人口地理学的研究领域和研究方法有了新的发展。本文首先简要回顾了美国人口地理学的发展历史,然后重点对20世纪90年代以来美国人口地理学的新发展作了详细阐述和评价;并在此基础上指出了我国人口地理学应该借鉴的方面。  相似文献   

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