Materials on the Medical Geography of Mountain Landscapes

The effect of mountain climates, solar radiation, soils, waters, plant and animal life on the human organism is analyzed. Environmental conditions and their influence on the state of the organism are discussed separately for low, middle, and high mountains and for highlands or high plateaus.     

Some Thoughts on the Subject of Historical Geography

A geographical historical geography, concerned with the history of development of the landscape, is distinguished from the historian's historical geography, dealing with the geography of countries and regions in the past and the history of development of cities and transport routes. The aim of the geographer's approach to historical geography is to characterize changes in the natural environment during historical times, to map landscapes from the point of view of their evolution and to classify and regionalize them on the basis of genetic principles. For this purpose, historical geography is to be distinguished from paleogeography, which should be limited to evolution of the landscape in prehistoric times.     

对西方应用地理学哲学基础的若干思考

以著名人文地理学家R.J.Johston教授《论人文地理学》的思想为基础,探讨了西方应用地理学哲学基础的若干问题;基于经验主义,释经学和唯实论科学的三种应用地理学,有其自身的定义、思想意识和研究体系,统一的应用地理学是不存在的,它取决于地理学家的选择.     

苏北海岸线变迁的考古地理研究

地理学通常是利用地理要素进行海岸线变迁研究,但大量考古遗址的发现为海岸线变迁研究提供了新的信息。本文运用地理学和考古学交叉研究方法,综合分析了史前苏北海岸线的变迁,得出了距今七千年以来海岸线缓慢东扩,但基本稳定,偶有波动等初步认识。     

有关古蔡国的几个历史地理问题

本文就古蔡国历史地理的四个问题与何光岳、刘宝和、尚景熙进行商榷,以为：“蔡”的本意是草,后被用作地名,又因该地产龟,故又称龟为蔡龟;蔡叔度的始封地不在祭城,也不在长垣,而是庸阝城;蔡国初建都于上蔡,迁至新蔡;上蔡在西周春秋时有重要地位。     

Some Results of the Second National Interagency Conference on Population Geography

Population geography in the Soviet Union is found to be developing mainly in breadth without adequate theoretical gounding. Because of the growing interest in mathematical methods, which have yet to demonstrate their real research value, long-tested traditional methods (statistical, comparative, cartographic) are being neglected. The usefulness of large conferences as compared with small meetings on a specific topic is questioned. The present active interest in population geography is resulting in neglect of other branches of economic geography in the Soviet Union.     

The Present State of Medical Geography in the USSR

A review of the present state of Soviet medical geography based on an analysis of papers presented at the Second National Medical Geography Conference held in Leningrad in November, 1965. The authors, representing four departments of the Geography Faculty of Moscow University, stress geophysical and geochemical causative factors of human disease and the contributions being made by medical landscape science in relating environmental prerequisites to particular diseases.     

Some Ideas and Reflections on Teaching 'Ideas' in Geography

This paper outlines the characteristics of a seminar on realism which forms part of the teaching of 'ideas and methods in geography' in the department concerned. The seminar requires each of about a dozen students to answer a specific question by reading a single paper, writing a summary answer to the question based on this source, and delivering an oral presentation. The questions are structured to deal with abstract theoretical issues at first, and then to consider the implications of these issues for research practice. The experience of the seminar is intended to help students prepare for an open-book examination, and to develop the research planning for their dissertations. Student feedback is reviewed, and ideas for modification of the seminar structure are discussed.     

Comments on some developments in North European prehistory

The burials of the Nubian A‐Group recorded between the First and the Second Cataracts of the Nile and dated ca. 3200–2900 BC have yielded an important source material of rich and varied funerary offerings. This paper presents a case study aiming to establish a qualitative and quantitative ranking of the burials and to investigate relationships and patterns as regards age, gender and social organization, and also to study chronological implications. The results show that the A‐Group culture displayed a rather elaborate and mature social structure, perhaps organized around a female core with strong matrilineal traditions, and where the men occupied a different social sphere with their own symbolic expressions. One finds a shift from an earlier, uniformly stratified society towards a more complex structure with clear social inequality developed in Lower Nubia simultaneously‐with the emergence of the Firs t Dynasty in Egypt ca. 3000 BC.     

战后欧洲联合中“联邦主义”思潮的初步考察

在战后欧洲联合进程中,一直存在“欧洲联邦主义”(Eurofederalism,以下简称“联邦主义”)和“政府间主义”(intergovernmentalism)两种主张。20世纪80年代,一位曾在欧共体委员会任职的英国人写道：“联邦主义和政府间主义,超国家主义和不同民族国家间的合作：关于欧洲的两种概念……从共同体建立的初期起就在彼此竞争。”它们涉及到欧洲联合要达到什么     

Applications of Mathematics to Some Problems in Economic Geography

The author, a staff member of the Institute of Scientific Information of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, discusses some aspects of the use of mathematics in research on settlement geography. He develops a number of methods originated abroad, such as the nearest-neighbor distance and the Zipf rule on city-size distribution, and applies them to the study of patterns of urban settlements and the size and spacing of cities in national and regional systems.     

Bank Statistics as a Source of Data for the Geography of Territorial-Economic Links

Bank statistics, covering interregional payments are described as a useful tool in the study of interregional commodity traffic because, unlike freight tonnage statistics, the payment data reflect also low-tonnage, high-value goods, which often determine the economic specialization of a region.     

On Some Problems of Theory and Practice in Economic Geography

The author, an opponent of Anuchin's views, charges that the discussion around the theory of a unified geography has been diverting the attention of the Geography Faculty of Moscow University away from practical tasks contributing to the growth of the national economy. Vol'skiy restates the Marxist theory of economic geography and calls on economic geographers for more constructive contributions to Communist economic development.     

Methodological Problems of Soviet Geography as Interpreted by Some Foreign Geographers

The author reviews writings by David Hooson, Ian Matley, and O. H. K. Spate and welcomes publicity given abroad to methodological discussion in Soviet geography. In Saushkin's view, the three Western authors concede there is no unity of geography in the West and no theoretical foundation on which such unity could be based. That is why, Saushkin feels, Western geographers are hopefully watching Soviet methodological discussions for a possible solution to their own problems.