A Structural Approach to the Form of the Population Density Function

The central objective of this paper is to explore a comprehensive structural modeling approach that extracts analytical density functions answering questions raised by recent empirical studies.     

The Density of Population of a City and the Density of Probability of a Random Magnitude

A continuation of a paper translated in Soviet Geography, April 1966, establishes a systematic relationship between the concept of a city's population density and the general theoretical probability concept of the probability density function of a two-dimensional random magnitude, and extends the discussion of population-density models beyond the category of single-center cities to a variety of non-single-center formations.     

Regional Distribution of the Muslim Population of Russia

Drawing on the results of the 2002 population census in Russia, an American geographer examines the size and spatial distribution of ethnic groups classified as Muslim. Methods of classification and issues with enumerating the Muslim population and changes since the 1989 census are described and analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the implications of such a large and territorially concentrated Muslim population under conditions in the post- Soviet era. Demographic, social, and economic differences between Muslims and the rest of the population of Russia are examined. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I00, J10, O18. 2 figures, 6 tables, 53 references.     

Multifractal Characterization of the Distribution Pattern of the Human Population

The generalized entropy, calculated from the quadrat counts of the population of the United States and Great Britain, is plotted against the logarithm of the quadrat size. These graphs are linear over a range of scales that corresponds to the size of a city up to the size of the country. This linearity indicates a strong scale-invariant component to the spatial population distribution pattern. Measurements of the generalized q-dimensions and alpha spectrum of the spatial population distribution patterns estimated from these graphs are presented.     

Association between Population Density and The Market Areas of Towns

This paper examines the relationship between population density and town spacing in four kinds of environment. These are: (1) linear curves of demand, transport and production costs and an even population distribution; (2) nonlinear transport cost curves over space; (3) variable population density within hinterlands; and (4) variation of transport costs with population density. Previously, it has been shown that the criterion of free entry does not uniquely determine town spacing. The implications of four stronger criteria are therefore examined in this paper. These location criteria are: (a) the number of towns is maximized; (b) the number of towns in minimized, subject to all consumers' being served; (c) the towns are all owned by one profit-maximizing monopolist; and (d) the average of some consumer utility function is maximized. In cases (a), (c), and (d) spacing decreases with density; in (b) spacing is an increasing function of density. Actual data are presented on the spacing of towns in Iowa and shopping centers in Chicago which indicate that spacing and population density are not associated. These results are consistent with the notion that entry is free but are not consistent with the stronger constraints employed in this paper.     

Uniform Probability Density Analysis and Population History in the Northern Rio Grande

One of the basic challenges facing archaeology is translating surface evidence into population estimates with sufficient chronological resolution for demographic analysis. The problem is especially acute when one is working with sites inhabited across multiple chronological periods and the production curves for pottery types are unknown. In this paper, I present a Bayesian statistical method which I call uniform probability density analysis that is tailored to this situation. This method combines uniform distributions derived from the local pottery chronology with pottery assemblage data to reconstruct the population history of individual settlements. I also illustrate applications of this method at the site and regional level using data from Cuyamungue and the surrounding Tewa Basin/VEP II New Mexico project area. The results allow one to identify a period of significant population movement corresponding to the period of Tewa ethnogenesis in the thirteenth century CE.     

The Planning of the Distribution of Production in Population Centers and Some Problems in Population Geography

A government official outlines some of the Soviet problems of settlement to which answers are expected from population geographers. They include: restrictions on excessive growth of large cities; promotion of industrial plant location in small and medium-size cities suffering from underemployment; prediction of ultimate population of large cities; determination of the optimal size and type of rural population centers. Population geographers are called upon to study large cities with a view to determining where further concentration of industry should be prohibited, and to select small cities suitable for plant location.     

Some Extensions of Mills's Method for Urban Population Density Gradient Estimation

This paper extends Milk's method for estimating urban population density gradients to general noncircular and asymmetrical urban forms, using Gauss-Legendre quadrature embedded in a Newton-Raphson root finding algorithm. We also examine the sensitivity of the Mills method to measurement errors in the assumptions. Several issues arising from the comparison of analytical, Mills type estimation procedures with statistical procedures are explored, particularly in light of recent work that questions the negative exponential formulation of urban density gradients. We note in particular the influence of secondary population centers as a source of estimation bias.     

抗战时期浙江省的人口迁移与地域分布

抗战时期浙江省的人口迁移总数约有 5 0 0万人 ,其迁移情况极为复杂。其中 2 0 0余万人迁至省外 ,主要分布于闽、赣、皖、沪和华中、西南各省。大部分移民是在省内迁移。战时浙省移民迁移持续时间较短 ,最终转化为移民的只是少数。由于种种原因 ,战争期间即有部分移民回迁。战争结束后 ,绝大部分移民均回迁原住地。难民迁移的最根本最内在的动力来自经济和政治因素 ,尤其是经济因素     

A Hierarchical Migration Model of Population Redistribution within a Central Place Hierarchy

A simple hierarchical migration model is proposed as a mechanism for the redistribution of population within a Christaller central place hierarchy. Given a predefined functional hierarchy, the migration process causes any initial population distribution to converge to an equilibrium distribution. Under certain special conditions, the equilibrium is identical to a central place population distribution derived from economic base concepts.     

A Plane Mathematical Model Of The Growth And Erosion Of An Uplift

On the basis of the same assumptions that underlie the Davisian concept of the cycle of erosion, the author develops a series of equations to express in mathematical terms the combined effect of an uplift of the land and the work of erosion. Graphic interpretations of the equations reflect the conventional three stages of youth, maturity, and old age. Devdariani suggests the problems that remain to be overcome to bring this schematized plane model closer to actual spatial conditions.     

明代人口分布对社会经济的影响

明代人口分布与社会经济发展有着密切的关系。从地域上看,明代人口分布并不均衡;从时间上看,明代前、中、后期各地区人口分布发生了一些变化。明代人口分布状况对社会经济布局、经济结构调整、城镇的发展、劳动结构和职业结构的变化以及局部地区人口过剩和资源紧张等方面均产生了极大影响,既有积极作用,又有消极作用。     

Population Distribution and Spatial Structure in Transitional Chinese Cities: A Study of Nanjing

Two geographers use population surface model techniques to analyze the distribution of population in Chinese cities. Focusing on Nanjing, they utilize detailed urban land use and building distribution data to develop a productive alternative method to reveal spatial variations in the distribution of inhabitants. The findings indicate that despite suburbanization, Nanjing remains a compact city with a population density that declines rapidly as distance from its central business district increases. Also, suburbanization has been limited to an inner area where population is densely distributed while commercial and office development is less prominent. Lastly, commercial activities influence the distribution of urban inhabitants and suburbanization more significantly than industrial development in suburbia. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O15, O18, R12, R14. 9 figures, 3 tables, 37 references.     

A Model to Relate the Size of the Central Business District to the Population of a City

A set of dynamic models of CBD growth are developed. They hypothesize that growth rates depend upon the population growth rate together with the increasing unwillingness of people to travel to the city center as city size increases. A prediction of the model is that absolute decreases in CBD size can occur associated simply with population growth rather than technological change as is usually postulated. The models are tested using retail sales data for the United States. Good predictions are generally found, especially when the unique CBD of New York City is removed from the data set. However, the model which has the greatest theoretical validity relative to central place theory does not have the best fit to the data. Implications of this are discussed, along with those of utilizing transformations in regression models.