The Effectiveness of Integrated Development of Productive Forces in the New Pioneering Areas of Western Siberia

Coordinated development of industries in Western Siberia is advocated as a way of raising the effectiveness of capital investment in this new pioneering region. Significant savings in investment and operating costs are envisaged through the development of territorial-production complexes and industrial nodes with interrelated industrial enterprises and common service industries, such as water supply, utilities and transportation. Cost-benefit calculations by the Council for Study of Productive Forces, the Soviet Government's preplanning research agency, suggest that the integrated approach to regional development would yield investment savings of up to 20 percent or more compared with the construction of isolated industrial establishments.     

Productive Forces and Productive Territorial Complexes in the Northeast of the USSR

The author analyzes the present spotty pattern of areal development of the Northeast around isolated mining districts extracting gold, tin, tungsten, diamonds, and other minerals, separated from one another by vast virtually uninhabited territories where fishing, reindeer raising, and trapping are the principal economic activities. The role of transport routes in regional development is stressed. Future prospects of industrial growth are linked to iron-steel, oil-gas, and chemical industries.     

加快少数民族地区经济发展体现了先进生产力的发展要求

“三个代表”重要思想是一个相互联系、相互促进、互为因果的统一整体,其中发展先进的生产力,是发展先进文化,实现最广大人民根本利益的基础条件;先进文化反映着生产力的发展水平,同时又为经济发展和社会进步提供精神动力和智力支持;代表最广大人民的根本利益则是中国共产党及其领导的政府一切工作的出发点和归宿,也是先进生产力和先进文化发展的最终落脚点。民族工作和少数民族地区的一切工作亦均需面对新形势、新任务,结合少数民族地区经济社会实际,把发展先进生产力摆在首要位置,加快地区经济建设,不断把改革开放和现代化建设事业推向前进,充分体现先进生产力的发展要求。对于少数民族地区地方政府而言,一方面要从发展先进生产力的要求来观察民族地区生产力发展中存在的问题,另一方面则要接着发展先进生产力的要求推进少数民族地区经济的发展。特别是要在发展中研究和解决问题,树立和应用科学的发展观,稳步实现民族地区的发展和繁荣。     

A Territorial Model of Productive Forces

The author formulates conditions required for a territorial model of productive forces that is constructed out of regional units rather than the sectoral units of the national economy. The regional units themselves are delimited in the process of optimization of the regional structure of the national economy. The over-all model is constructed out of a system of four preliminary models. They are: a territorial model of a single-product industry, a model of transport flows, a model of a regional unit and a model of the division of labor among regional units. The author examines interactions between the models and the criteria of optimality of each of the four models as well as other formally stated assumptions.     

The Role of River Transport in the Development and Location of Productive Forces in the Eastern Regions of the USSR

A basin-by-basin survey of water-borne freight movements in Siberia. The Ob'-Irtysh basin has gained in significance with the development of its oil and gas resources, and further expansion of water transport depends mainly on construction of additional cargo-handling facilities. In the Yenisey basin, the construction of large hydroelectric dams tends to provide an important deep-water route between Lake Baykal and the sea, but no ship locks are being provided in most of the dams. The importance of the Lena basin has been enhanced since 1951 by the construction of the Tayshet-Lena railroad, providing direct access to the upper Lena from the Trans-Siberian main line. Cargo destined for the north coast of Siberia now moves increasingly through the Lena basin instead of over the Northern Sea Route. The Amur River continues to play an important transport role (especially for lumber and coal movements) even though large segments of the stream are paralleled by the railroad.     

The Territorial Structural Organization of the Productive Forces of Kazakhstan

The future economic development of Kazakhstan and its problems are discussed in terms of localized, technologically integrated production complexes, such as industrial districts and nodes or agrarian-industrial complexes, which in turn are combined into broader regional complexes. Five such regional complexes are distinguished—North, West, Center, South, East—and the present state of the economy and the problems of future development are discussed.     

生产力、生态环境与生态文明

本运用辩证唯物主义的认识论,在回顾人类认识自然生态环境价值问题三个阶段的基础上,指出以工业明时代为背景产生的对于生产力的认识存在片面性,并对生产力、生态环境、生态明之间的相互关系及生产力概念、人类社会的基本经济规律、生态明的内涵和发展方向作了新的理论阐释。     

浅析自然资源状况对生产力及经济体制的制约、影响作用

本从自然资源与生产力两个基本要素（劳动、劳动工具）的结合及其作用关系中,阐述它对生产力发展的制约、影响作用,并据此将现今世界不同生产力水平押家划分为四咱类型,且对其作了对比分析,接着,本又对资源短缺制约与经济体制选择作了分析,指出：社会主义市场经济是克服资源短缺制约的最佳经济体制。     

The Location of the Cement Industry of Eastern Siberia Within the Long-Term Future

The present location of the East Siberian cement industry is irrational because it does not correspond to the location of its markets, depends heavily on raw-material hauls from other parts of the country, and does not supply the cement types needed within the East Siberian region. Because of a shortage of natural cement materials within the region, it is proposed that cement production be based on the utilization of by-products of other industries, such as alumina production.     

Transport Problems of the Volga Region in Connection with Development of its Productive Forces

The Volga region, which owes its economic development in considerable measure to its favorable transport situation, is expected to continue as a major transit region, as fuels and energy [oil, gas, electric power] are transmitted from newly developed Siberian areas to the manufacturing centers of European Russia. Because of the importance of the east-west routes, railroads will continue to play a key role in the regional transport picture, but pipelines and waterways are planned to become more important.     

隋末唐初东突厥与中原势力的关系

本共分三个部分,第一部分论述隋末唐初东突厥分化操纵中原各派势力的史事;第二部分分析东突厥对付中原各派势力的策略,指出不同时期东突厥的策论有不同的特点和变化;第三部分讨论东突厥分化操纵中原势力的几种措施,措施的特点以及形成的原因：承袭突厥的传统、借鉴隋朝的经验、利用居住突厥的胡人和华人的作用等等。最后还讨论了东突厥这些措施与中原民族的差异。     

Scientific Principles for a General Long-Range Scheme of Location of the Productive Forces of the USSR

The general long-range scheme of economic location, evidently being worked out by the Council for Study of Productive Forces, Gosplan USSR, involves three aspects: a regional aspect, designed to determine the regional specialization and the prospects of an integrated regional economy on a given resource base; an analysis of economic sectors, evaluating locational factors in specific industries, types of farming, and transportation; and a “synthetic” analysis of major national development problems, such as manpower redistribution, utilization of the underemployed population of small towns, rational use of energy and water resources, etc.).     

加快少数民族地区经济发展体现了先进生产力的发展要求

中国共产党执政以来不断探索中国特色社会主义发展道路重要经验,“社会主义根本任务是发展生产力”．这是重要经验之一。本从三个方面论述了少数民族地区经济发展存在的问题以及加快发展的途径。     

The Role of Eastern Siberia in Solving Some of the Economic Problems of the Pacific Basin

The abundance of resources in the Soviet Far East and Eastern Siberia, combined with the known scarcity of fuel and energy supplies and certain raw materials in the countries of the Pacific basin, suggests that the resources of the eastern regions of the Soviet Union, could, if properly developed, find a wide market in countries bordering on the Pacific Ocean.     

试论我党如何更好地代表中国先进社会生产力发展要求

江泽民同志提出的"三个代表"思想是一个相互联系、相互促进、互为因果的辩证统一的有机整体,同时又有各自特定的内涵和要求.其中居首要地位的是第一个代表,即"始终代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求".有了先进的社会生产力,先进文化的发展才有坚实可靠的物质文化需要,才能更好地代表最广大人民群众的根本利益.     

Scientific Principles of the General Outline for the Location of Productive Forces of the USSR for the Period up to 1970

The Council for the Study of Productive Forces, the preplanning economic research agency of the USSR, has completed a general outline for economic development of the Soviet Union over the period 1971–1980. The general outline contains sections devoted to particular sectors of the economy, to particular republics and economic regions, and to major areal development complexes. It is the result of a five-year effort that involved 20,000 scholars and technicians associated with 560 research and planning agencies. The present paper deals with the fundamental principles that guided the drafting of this 10-year development program, which has not been published. The paper focuses on five aspects that have been of particular relevance in resolving location problems: (1) the accelerating rate of scientific and technical progress, (2) the assuring of the proper territorial proportions in economic development, (3) the formation of new regions and economic complexes, (4) new problems in the man-nature relationship, notably environmental pollution, and (5) the close relationship between systems of settlement and the location of development projects.     

试论新疆发展低碳旅游的有利条件及路径选择

低碳经济是人类的未来,低碳旅游是旅游的未来。作为全新的出游理念,低碳旅游已经开始走入大众旅游,低碳理念开始为越来越多的人所接受。中国地域辽阔,各省、市资源差异明显,如何发展低碳旅游并没有完全统一的模式。本文结合低碳旅游理念及其新疆旅游资源现状,分析了新疆发展低碳旅游的有利条件和路径选择。     

The Formation of Territorial Differences in the Economy of the South of Eastern Siberia in the First Half of the 18th Century

A regional survey of the principal economic activities and settlement patterns in the southern part of Eastern Siberia in the first half of the 18th century, based on the study of archival materials. Six regions are distinguished in a territory extending from Krasnoyarsk in the west to Nerchinsk in the east, with information on population and the relative significance of Russian agriculture, indigenous stockherding, hunting and fishing, mining, craft industries, and trade.