抗战时期对西南历史地理的研究

抗战时期,随国民政府还都重庆,大批史地学者和教学科研机构云集西南。他们应西南开发的需要,积极开展西南历史地理的教学、科研工作,并在对西南历史政治地理、西南历史民族地理、西南历史经济地理、西南历史自然地理等方面的研究上取得不同程度的进展。西南历史地理研究的特点主要表现在内容、方法、目的三个方面。     

论克利福德·达比的区域历史地理学理论与实践

克利福德·达比 (Clifford Darby,190 9- 1992 ) ,著名英国历史地理学家 ,对英国历史地理学的发展做出了杰出贡献 ,他的学术思想也影响到中国现代历史地理学的形成与发展。达比一生的学术研究工作基本可以分为四个方面 :1.英国东南部沼泽地 (The Fenland)研究 ;2 .《清册地理》研究 ;3.英格兰历史地理研究 ;4 .历史地理学方法论的探讨。本文从这四个方面对达比的区域历史地理学理论与实践做了系统评述     

欧美应用地理学研究的主要内容和特点

应用地理学以地理学的理论和方法为基础,是纯学术地理学的延伸,包括评价和实施两个重要阶段,价值分析在其中起很大作用。欧美应用地理学的研究内容包括:环境与资源、规划与建设、文化与社会;其显著特点是:与政府和企业密切合作、致力于解决现实紧迫问题、特别强调区域研究和规划与政策的评价与实施。     

1990年以来中国乡村地理学研究进展

本文首先简要回顾了1990年以前中国乡村地理学的发展概况,然后从基础理论的发展、土地利用、经济、聚落、城市化、景观、文化、空间八个方面对1990年以来中国乡村地理学的主要研究内容进行了简略阐述。这一时期的研究紧跟乡村发展实际,在广度和深度上都有所拓展,众多学科的参与也使得内容与方法更加充实。但总的来看目前中国乡村地理学还很薄弱,许多基本问题还有待于学术界进一步研究。文章最后对其未来发展做出了展望。     

The Geography of Industry in the United States

This review article surveys American work on the geography of industry from the point of view of five lines of research: (1) the development of a general theory of industrial location; (2) the geography of manufacturing as a whole and the delimitation of manufacturing districts; (3) the geography of individual industries; (4) study of individual industrial districts and centers; and (5) the effect of technological change on the geography of industry.     

Gender geography in Japan: the trajectory,fruits of research and future challenges

Abstract

The indication by female geographers outside of Japan that, due to the original dearth of female geographers, a gender perspective had been missing from geography held true for Japan as well. In 1993, Yoshida was the first person to discuss the importance of a gender perspective in a Japanese journal of geography. Nearly 25 years have passed since its publication, and the aim of this paper is to investigate what developments have taken place in Japanese geography on gender research. As the accomplishments of feminist geography in English-speaking countries was merely ‘imported’ to Japan around 1990, there is no firm starting point of ‘feminist’ geography, which originated in women’s liberation movement of the 1970s, in the country. Rather, it can be said that Japanese geographers, regardless of sex, undertake gender geography, which does not limit a particular sex as the sole subject and/or object of research. The results of research on gender geography by men geographers began to appear from the year 2000. The use of life history method emerged as a trend in research since 2000. While there has been gradual progress in research on gender geography in Japan, the number of researchers are still by no means large. While Japanese geography has hitherto involved a one-way absorption of the fruits of overseas research on gender/feminist geographies, at least based on studies that have already accumulated in Japan, it is now necessary that Japanese study results also be communicated to overseas.     

国外交通地理学研究的知识图谱与进展

交通地理学作为人文地理学的重要分支,一直充满着活力与多样性,获得人文地理学者的广泛关注。本文基于CiteSpace可视化软件,采用Web of Science中收录1982-2014年的4840篇交通地理学论文作为原始数据,梳理了近30年的研究脉络,绘制了学科发展的知识图谱,系统地归纳了学科的研究热点与发展趋势,以期为中国交通地理学研究提供借鉴。研究发现:国外交通地理学研究方法和研究内容日趋多元化,研究视角趋向微观化,质性研究突显;初步形成城市规划学派、理论地理学派、时间地理学派等六大学术共同体;出现社会、行为、文化和流动的诸多转向,呈现出人本导向、信息导向和交叉化的发展趋势。     

The emergence and institutionalization of feminist geography in Ghana

Abstract

The emergence and institutionalization of feminist geography in Ghana was in tandem with the global feminist movement in the 1970s and its subsequent international women’s conferences. This paper discusses the pioneering work and research at the Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, and its effect on the institutionalization and diffusion of feminist geography in Ghana. Through research and external collaborations, the need for gender as an academic discipline was strongly argued for and instituted as an undergraduate course at the Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana. These external collaborations with other feminist geographers in international geography associations and universities served as a boost as they created opportunities for highlighting the spatial variations in the role and situation of particularly women’s lives in Ghana. Subsequently, there was a diffusion of feminist geography research and its institutionalization as an academic sub-discipline in Geography departments in other Ghanaian universities. These notwithstanding, the departments of Geography in Ghanaian universities are still dominated by male faculty members. Moreover, research work has been mainly in the field of human geography more than the physical aspects calling for the mainstreaming of gender issues in all the systematic branches of the discipline.     

汉唐地理志研究的新成果——评孔祥军《汉唐地理志考校》

孔祥军新著《汉唐地理志考校》,对汉唐正史地理志及唐宋地理总志进行校理,纠文本之讹,正史文之谬,辑失佚之地志,探史志之史源,考其断代,辨其书例。在对地理志文献研究基础之上,孔氏考汉代三辅称谓沿革,盐、铁官之分布,新莽改亭之通例,北魏政区之沿革,并对隋代关官、水道和唐代诸渠进行了辑录和考察。本书以文献考校和政区地理研究为主,广涉经济地理、交通地理、军事地理、佛教地理等诸多领域,重视学术传承和演变,善用图、表的方式来明晰思路脉络,为汉唐地理研究之佳作。     

近70年来中国历史城市地理研究进展

历史城市地理是历史地理学的重要分支之一。近70年来,中国历史城市地理研究经历了奠基与探索、缓滞、复苏与拓展、深化与融合等发展阶段,在研究内容拓展、理论与方法总结、新技术探索等方面取得了长足进步和丰硕成果,促进了中国历史地理学的整体发展。基于近70年来历史城市地理领域的代表性研究论著,总结了中国历史城市地理研究的阶段性特征,论述了九大专题领域的研究进展,并对历史城市地理研究相关问题进行了辨析,对今后的研究趋向加以展望。     

Archives and care: Caring archival research practices in geography

Archival research has been long recognized as a key method in geography, and such research continues to appeal to scholars excavating historical influences on contemporary places. At the same time, geographical literature on care is growing rapidly. However, while geographers have often implemented care into their archival research and practice, these literatures have remained largely distinct from each other. In this paper, I bring archives and care into closer conversation. Drawing on existing geographical literature on care and on archival methods, work in archival studies, and my own research and ethnographic experiences in archives, I show how the socio-material practices of geographers in the archives help generate spaces of care, where ethical caring practices exist, and caring relationships flourish. I demonstrate how archival work in geography and beyond includes relationships of care between archivists, researchers, and archival records. I share some examples and strategies that geographers and other researchers can—and do—follow in maintaining, continuing, and repairing archival relationships, even in times of precarity and uncertainty.     

新文化地理学视角下的女性主义地理学研究

在文化地理学研究向新文化地理学转向、女性主义运动蓬勃发展、女性主义理论在跨学科过程中日益完善的背景下,西方女性主义地理学从女性经验、性别权利、女性内部差异入手,提供了以女性主义视角分析地理学问题的新的发展领域,并发展出质疑与抵抗男性权威话语的学科范式。本文依循女性主义地理学中对身体、工作、空间和国家/民族等主要议题的探讨,梳理西方学者的研究进展,以期对本土研究提供有益借鉴。     

Identity,contingency and the urban geography of 'race'

Traditional research in urban geography concerned with issues of 'race' has focused on a series of substantively important issues, yet with conceptual foundation inadequate to the task. Specifically, this body of work has employed outdated and theoretically limited conceptions of identity without sufficient consideration to the importance of historical and geographic contingency. I argue in this essay that topics of traditional concern to urban geography gain new relevance and importance when they are reconsidered and reworked from a social constructivist perspective that takes seriously the importance of identity and contingency. I illustrate my argument with discussions of two aspects of my current research agenda. First, I discuss how research on urban residential segregation gains considerably from a more sensitive encounter with multifaceted notions of identity that explicitly address geographic contingency. Second, I review recent empirical research on US mortgage-lending markets that demonstrates the geographic and class contingency of discrimination. The paper ends with a call for research that employs multiple methodologies.     

Music in French geography as space marker and place maker

For several decades, there have been broad research developments on the links between music and geography in the English-speaking world, initially in the USA, then in Europe and also in Asia, the Middle East and Oceania. In the French-speaking world, although developments are more recent, research bringing together music and geography is well developed, too. However, it was not until the end of the last decade that Francophones began to take Anglophone work into account and even this was inconsistent. In Anglophone publications, the work of the Francophones is almost completely absent. With this commentary, a Francophone–Anglophone dialogue could open new perspectives.     

当代西方人文地理学全球化概念与研究进展

在全球化主题的研究上当代人文地理学占据相当重要的地位。但人文地理学具有跨学科和追求时尚的学科特点,受多种理论和方法论的渗透和影响,形成了庞杂的全球化的概念和理论。对于地理学家而言,把握地理学的全球化观点,正确理解相关的名词和全球化理论具有重要的意义。本文按照时间顺序,对三大方面的问题进行梳理。一是当代人文地理学的主要理论方法演化及其全球化的研究主题;二是全球化概念及空间辩论的演化;三是通过全球化历史演化框架,了解全球化的动力机制,和制度空间结构的地理学观点的演化。     

Less talk more drone: social research with UAVs

There is a growing body of work in geography and sociology on the impact of drones on warfare, surveillance and civil protest. This paper assesses the challenges of using drones for teaching human geography and spatial social sciences. Affordable and expensive drones are now available in the market place; however, there has been next to no reflection on how drones might impact upon the social sciences as a research tool. Yet, unmanned flying vehicles pose some profound possibilities for social and cultural inquiry and aerial data collection.     

日本人文地理学的发展特征与动态

日本人文地理学多年来在吸收欧美人文地理学研究成果的基础上,逐渐形成了自身的研究特点。包括在研究方法上强调区域调查,在研究体制上强调社会分工,在研究成果的评价上重质而轻量等等。二战后,日本人文地理学由于远离应用而导致学会规模缩小、影响力下降,对中国人文地理学是一个前车之鉴。但同时,其成熟的研究规范和富有东方特色的研究体制也是中国同行学习的对象。本文结合笔者的留学经验,概述了日本人文地理学的基本现状、发展特点和发展趋向,并分析了其对中国人文地理学的借鉴意义。     

西方国家旅游地理学进展

国内旅游地理学研究比西方国家晚了整整60年,全面了解国外旅游地理学的发展,对于国内相关研究具有很大的借鉴意义。本文在全面回顾西方国家旅游地理学发展历程的基础上,阐述了其研究方法和主要研究内容。最后对西方国家旅游地理学研究进行了总结:西方国家旅游地理学已经初步确立了自己的学科地位,开始朝着成熟阶段发展;西方国家旅游地理学研究是随着现代旅游现象的出现而出现,随着现代旅游的发展而发展;西方国家旅游地理学者脱离地理系的事实,严重影响了旅游地理学在地理学学科内的发展,这种趋势一定要引起国内学界人士的警惕。     

中国边疆地理的发展成就

本文首先在界定边疆地区区域范围的基础上,对我国在本世纪50年代以前边疆地理研究进行了回顾,对新中国建立以来边疆地理研究的巨大成就进行了简要介绍。     

Educational Innovation and the Market for Geographers in Hungary

This paper examines the status of geography in higher education in Hungary. Stress is placed on reforms begun in the 1990s to launch new curricula for training professional geographers. The authors played an important role in developing this new curriculum by introducing new subjects into geography programmes, working out the scope and sequence of courses, obtaining accreditation and carrying out market research for graduates. The project was motivated by a decline in demand for geography and geography teachers in secondary schools accompanied by an increase in demand for geographers trained to work in public administration, government and business. The graduates of the new professional geographer curriculum receive a practice-oriented education designed to cultivate their spatial problem solving and applied geographical skills. In this paper the authors present the steps in the curriculum reform and suggest that it may serve as a model for reform in a number of nearby countries planning to join the EU.