Geomorphology and the National Economy

The Minister of Geology USSR recommends that geomorphology play a more significant role in prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits. He finds that many Soviet exploration geologists still tend to ignore the potentialities of geomorphology on the ground that it is a geographical discipline with little relevance to the needs of geology. The Minister sees a particularly important area of applied contributions in paleogeomorphology, which deals with the relief forms of past geological eras. In his view, geomorphology also has a major role to perform in engineering designs of major construction and development projects. Failure to select proper project sites often leads to undesirable side-effects, especially in areas affected by mudflows, avalanches and thermokarst caving. If geomorphology is to make a more substantial contribution in areas of application, the training of geomorphologists should be reoriented toward mineral prospecting and engineering applications, and the organizational structure of operating and research agencies must provide for separate geomorphology study units.     

Fluvial Geomorphology and River Management

Australian river landscapes offer many challenges for management. Much Australian river research is novel, but practical concerns have always had an influence on the research agenda. Australia’s distinctive contributions to fluvial geomorphology include recognition of the great age of many fluvially eroded landscapes; understanding complex levee, terrace and valley fill sequences; analysing the impacts of rare major floods; interpreting the effects of impoundment, mining and urbanisation; and understanding the great anastomosing inland river systems. River restoration is now a major theme in the literature of river engineering, fluvial geomorphology and landscape design. Great achievements are occurring in geo‐ecological river management and engineering. Changing people’s thinking is becoming at least as important as gaining new scientific knowledge. The existing understanding needs to be more widely shared and enhanced by greater involvement with Asian countries where river management issues daily affect the lives of millions of people.     

The Chenier Plain,a Genetic Type of Accumulative Coastland

The chenier plain of southwestern Louisiana is described on the basis of the American literature and a personal visit. It is suggested that this is a distinctive type of accumulative coastland characterized by the alternation of marsh and beach ridges and formed by the pulsating influx of stream-borne and marine sediment and the alternating predominance of longshore and onshore transportation of sediment. The chenier plain of Louisiana is found to have analogs in the Guiana coast and in the Myzeqeja plain of Albania as well as in ancient, buried chenier deposits.     

中原文明的起源与形成

总观全国各地新石器时代文化的发展,中原地区以它强大的文化根基,在文明起源和形成过程中始终走在前面.中原地区文明的起源是相当早的,在龙山时代晚期,中原地区已进入文明时代.     

久闻昆阙住神仙 举世皆知青海妍——从地域地名地貌探讨昆仑文化的渊源

昆仑文化作为一个学术体系,是一个令人肃然起敬,一个令人心驰神往,一个令人回肠荡气的文化,她给中华民族带来了无法估量的深远影响。近年来,国内外专家学者有关昆仑文化学     

仰韶文化与中国古代文明

在仰韶文化分布的中原地区 ,是中国古代文明的发祥地。仰韶文化的发展阶段 ,已处于中国古代文明起源与形成时期。仰韶文化在中国古代文明的发展进程中 ,占有极为重要的地位     

Observations and Talks in the United States About Geomorphology and Paleogeography

The author discusses three specific areas in which he made personal observations: Lake Bonneville, Yellowstone National Park, and ancient soil formations near Washington, D. C., and reports the latest American findings on the paleogeography of these areas. He finds the teaching and applications of geomorphology in the United States to be at a lower stage than would appear from American Geography: Inventory and Prospect.     

Decoherence, Quantum Theory and their Implications for the Philosophy of Geomorphology

Recent philosophical discussions on the nature of geomorphology ( Bassett 1994 ; Richards 1994 ; Rhoads 1994 ) have concluded that the way forward in geomorphological explanation is through either an empiricist or a realist approach. This paper draws lessons from quantum mechanics and the related concepts of decoherence and entanglement to explore the theoretical limitations of both of these existing approaches to geomorphology. It is suggested that empiricist and realist approaches are misguided in their attempts to view the researcher as being in some way 'detached' from the reality of the environmental system under investigation. Instead, this reality is viewed here as being consciousness-dependent. The paper also challenges the claims to represent 'truth', and the deterministic view of causation, which are inherent within empiricist and realist approaches. It concludes by suggesting that an idealist approach to geomorphology – one that recognizes the primacy of consciousness – can better appreciate the unpredictable and probabilistic nature of the world.     

The Pre-Settlement Vegatation of the Western and Central Wimmera Plains of Victoria,Australia

Historical records indicate that the fertile soils of the western and central Wimmera Plains of Victoria, Australia formerly supported grassy woodlands on rises and flats, and grasslands on shallow depressions and clay plains. Soil type and micro-relief appear to have been the major factors that determined the distribution of these communities. Burning of the woodlands by Aborigines may have contributed to their open grassy nature. The few ungrazed remnants of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland support a suite of species that are absent from or uncommon in other Buloke woodland remnants in the region. This work demonstrates that in districts where little intact native vegetation remains, investigation of the distribution and floristic composition of the pre-settlement vegetation can provide useful information for the maintenance and restoration of remnant vegetation.     

植根中原传承文明--写在《中原文物》出版100期之际

１９７７年７月,一份旨在宣传国家文物政策、反映全省文物工作动态、总结交流工作经验、普及文物知识的内部刊物──《河南文博通讯》,像一株幼苗,在古老的中原大地上破土而出。１９８１年,为了能够及时地发表考古发掘成果和学术论著,扩展学术研究的领域和地域范围,以大中原的概念,涵盖河南及其邻近地区的历史文化,经过充分的酝酿,《河南文博通讯》更名为《中原文物》,开始向国内外公开发行。 《中原文物》从创刊到现在已２５年,出版已１００期。２０多年的历程,使我们深刻体会到,离开中原这个文物荟萃之地,失去蕴藏丰富的文…     

Cultural Response to Environmental Change in the Alpine Lacustrine Regions: The Displacement Model

Summary. Following an abrupt change in climatic conditions, the Middle Bronze Age northern Alpine lake‐dwellers were forced to abandon their settlements. As a result, the archaeological record shows a gap of occupation from the end of the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twelfth century BC. Where did those groups go during that period? Recent studies show that some Middle Bronze Age sites hitherto regarded as traditional dry‐land dwellings might represent constructions by former lacustrine people. Typological analyses of pottery assemblages and house structure remains found on these sites have made it possible to trace them back to an origin in the lacustrine tradition. The MBA lake‐dwelling occupational hiatus could finally be bridged and the process of cultural continuity reconstructed. The MBA lake‐dwellers certainly did not disappear; they just temporarily adapted to a drier environment until the lake shores became ‘safe’ again for re‐settlement.     

三星堆文明与中原文明的关系

三星堆考古发现告诉我们,辉煌的古蜀文明有着自身的鲜明特色,与中原文明有着密切的文化交流.学者们通常认为,古蜀文明接受中原文明的影响,主要是通过长江中游地区和陕南等途径.而对蜀与殷商的关系,则见仁见智,颇多争论.本文列举了学者们的各种观点,对三星堆古蜀文明与中原文明的关系作了深入探讨.