湖南省经济空间结构演变及工业化主导因素分析

经济空间结构是经济地理学和区域经济学研究的重要论题之一,为了揭示湖南省经济空间结构演变过程及演变机制,分析了湖南省经济空间结构演变过程;并从工业化、区域政策和城镇化等方面分析了其经济空间结构演变机制。结果表明:20世纪80年代中期以来,湖南省经济正处于空间集聚过程,经济空间结构呈现出明显的核心-边缘模式;湖南省经济空间结构与工业化、区域政策和城镇化存在内在联系和耦合关系,其中工业发展是湖南经济增长的主要动力,也是经济空间结构形成与演化的重要原因。     

交通网络与城市化水平的线性相关模型

从城市化水平(z)与人均产出(x)的周模型(z=alnx-b)和交通网络连接度(β=c/ν)与人均收入(x)的对数关系模型(β=klnx+φ)出发,导出交通网络与城市化水平的线性相关模型β=Az+ζ,这暗示城市化过程与交通网络的发展互为因果。借助中国城市化水平与铁路里程的时间序列和空间系列数据对理论推导结果进行了实证分析,从而证明:区域城市体系的建设与交通网络的发展应该同步进行。     

THE REGIONAL MALL IN CANADA

Over the last three decades, regional shopping malls have become significant features of the Canadian urban landscape. They account for the largest concentrations of employment, retail sales, and trip destinations outside the central business district, and they reshape patterns of accessibility within communities. This article examines the number, economic role, location, and implication of these facilities, in Canada, and contrasts them with similar malls in the United States. By 7 986, there were 84 regional malls with more than 500 000 sq. ft. of space in Canada, and these malls accounted for 10 per cent of all retail sales.     

湖南省区域趋同分析

根据区域趋同基本理论,采用新古典方法分析了湖南省区域趋同状况.结果表明,自我国实施社会主义市场经济体制以来,湖南省区域经济增长总体表现为条件趋同,趋同速度约为每年1.93%.受地理区位的影响,湖南省内部区域差异较大,国家发展政策对湖南省区域趋同的影响相当显著,例如,湘西自治州纳入西部大开发增强了湖南省区域增长的收敛性.而产业结构和投资状况对于区域经济增长的作用不强.在此基础上,提出几点促进湖南省区域趋同的对策.     

区域经济增长的文化产业驱动效应研究——基于省级面板数据的分析

本文采用中国31个省份1996-2013年的面板数据,对中国文化产业与经济发展的内在驱动效应展开研究。研究发现:第一,文化产业投入和产出规模扩张对地区GDP和人均GDP增长具有显著作用,两者间的交互效应会加大其对经济发展的推动力;第二,文化产业有助于带动旅游业和整个第三产业发展,促进地区经济增长;第三,中国文化产业对经济发展的带动效应存在显著的地区差异,西部地区文化产业对经济发展的提升作用最大,中部和东部地区效应相对不足。因此,进一步加大对文化产业发展的政策支持,实现文化产业的合理布局,不仅能够促进整体经济增长,而且可以实现区域平衡发展。     

西安城市化演进过程的多层面分析与趋势预测

西安城市化演进过程与生产力布局阶段性,具有一致性的规律。文章从城市化水平的变化时间序列、城市化水平提高与经济发展的关联性两个角度,定量分析了其演化特征,特别是与经济发展的关系及其规律性,指出西安市城市化的效率在各时期不断提升(结构弹性减小),集约化程度提高,城市化、非农化逐步走向合理。城市化水平整体滞后于经济发展水平,城市化与经济发展过程又可划分为五个阶段,城市化变化与人均增长满足指数规律,城镇密度与关系的模型满足直线关系。最后文章从人口迁移、人口密度变化、城市化圈层分布和卫星城镇的发展及分工等方面对人口城市化趋势进行了探讨。     

An Index of Social and Economic Development in the Community's Objective-1 Regions of Countries in Southern Europe

In this article we calculate an indicator of social and economic development using the DP₂ distance method to measure the disparities in Objective-1 regions of southern European countries for 2006. In addition to per capita income, socio-economic components such as health, education, employment, scientific and technological development and infrastructure provision have been incorporated into the index. We examine the issue of whether the Europe Union regions included in the Convergence Objective achieved a lower level of development than the regions no longer covered in this objective for the 2007–2013 programming period by establishing a territorial classification based on the value yielded by the variables of the DP₂. Our indicator constitutes a novel contribution insofar as it was constructed using a large number of variables. In essence, we show that not all the regions of the Convergence Objective presented a lower level of economic and social development than those that lost this consideration between 2007 and 2013 and the opposite.     

河南省县域贫困程度及影响因素分析

贫困地区的地理识别,是区域扶贫政策精准、有效实施的前提。以经济指标衡量河南省县域相对贫困程度,并借助有序logit回归模型分析社会经济发展、自然条件、区位交通、历史基础4类变量16个影响因子对区域贫困状况的影响程度。分析发现,河南省县域综合经济发展水平存在较大的区域差异,经济发展水平相对较低的县域多分布在豫西和豫东南,且区域内存在部分潜在贫困县。回归分析结果表明,工业化水平、居民储蓄水平、气温、湿度、到最近城市的距离、国道道路密度、期初经济水平7个因子对县域贫困程度影响显著。地区扶贫政策实施过程中,在重视经济因素的减贫效应时,也应重视自然因素的致贫效应,政府主导,因地制宜,逐步实现区域协调发展。     

全球化浸入中国城市的时空演化过程及影响因素分析——以8家大型跨国零售企业为例

本质为地理过程的全球化与跨国公司相伴而来,其浸入区域、城市具有时空差异性。本文以八家大型跨国零售企业为例,研究全球化浸入中国城市的时空演化过程及影响因素。研究发现:第一,全球化浸入表现出明显的空间推移规律,即稳定的"沿海-内陆"深度格局,以及"东广西疏"转向"南袤北稀"广度格局;第二,全球化浸入中国城市遵循规模等级推移规律,包括人口规模、经济发展水平以及行政等级;第三,人口规模、对外交流水平对全球化的浸入影响显著性稳定,开放政策、城市区位因素弱化,居民收入水平影响增强。     

零售商业空间组织的市场分析

本文从市场地理学的角度上,对零售空间组织的决策过程--市场分析过程进行了研究。指出该过程应包括区域社会经济分析,即提供发展背景;贸易区分析,即确定区位发展可行性;消费者研究,即确定组织经营形式。     

The Spatial Distribution of the Internet in the European Union: Does Geographical Proximity Matter?

This paper examines the spatial distribution of the Internet in the European regions. To achieve this aim, our analysis combines a set of non-parametric techniques proposed in the context of the economic growth literature, with various spatial econometric instruments. The results reveal that regional disparities in Internet adoption are greater than territorial inequalities in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. In addition, our findings show that the distribution under consideration is characterized by the presence of positive spatial dependence, which implies that physically adjacent regions register a similar degree of Internet adoption. Finally, the analysis carried out allows us to assess the role played by variables such as GDP per capita, unemployment rate, stock of human capital and population density, in explaining the spatial distribution of the Internet in the European Union.     

北部湾城镇群空间结构及其扩张规律研究

空间结构是优化城镇群地域功能的基础。根据新型城镇化和空间结构理论,用地统计、反距离权重等空间分析方法,研究广西北部湾城镇群空间结构分异规律得出：(1)北部湾城镇群以南宁市为中心向周边呈“核心—边缘”分异格局,时空集聚性和差异性渐趋扩大。(2)大城市空间聚集和结构分异不断增大,社会、经济要素空间扩张显著快于人口、土地要素,对外贸易和吸引投资是空间扩张的核心动力,非农化增长也是重要驱动。(3)城区面积与空间结构关系最密切,但投资、贸易、GDP、非农化扩张较快,人口、土地要素空间扩张显著滞后,各要素向大城市集聚的趋势显著,结构分异趋向扩大;绝大部分属于外贸、投资扩张型城镇。应强化南宁市集聚规模,提升工业化水平,扩大区内外合作,全面融入“一带一路”和大湾区新格局。     

ON THE INEQUALITY OF RURAL SERVICES PROVISION IN THE USSR

Results of studies of inter- and intra-regional variation of rural services provision (including retail trade, cultural-educational services, and health care) are compared. Highest levels of per capita services provision were found in the Baltic republics and RSFSR, with lower levels in the southern European USSR, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. The differences are attributed to rural depopulation (northwestern USSR), rural development priorities in areas of severe natural conditions (Siberia), and high rates of natural population increase (Central Asia). A differential approach in services planning is recommended between areas located near oblast urban centers and those which are more remote (translated by Jay K. Mitchell; PlanEcon, Inc.; Washington, DC 20005).     

旅游目的地区域国内旅游花费的差异性分析——以西安市五一黄金周为例

旅游花费由客源地花费、路途花费和旅游目的地花费三部分构成,游客的旅游目的地花费结构和花费水平客观地反映了目的地旅游产业部门结构的合理性及旅游业发展水平。以西安地区国内游客黄金周旅游花费为研究对象,选取旅游花费水平及花费结构指标,利用SPSS12.0中的聚类分析将国内游客划分为三类:高、中、低消费游客群,通过对不同消费水平的游客群的研究,得出如下结论:西安地区以中低消费游客群为主体,停留时间、旅游目的等旅游消费行为因素是影响国内游客旅游花费水平的主要因素。增加参与性、体验性旅游活动项目,加大旅游商品及娱乐产品的开发力度,是提高国内游客在西安花费水平的根本途径。     

区域物流辐射范围的测度研究

为了分析不同区域物流在空间中的相互作用,本文基于断裂点理论构建了区域物流辐射范围的测度模型。以吉林省省会长春市为例,应用模型测度长春物流和经济的辐射范围,并通过与吉林省另一较大规模城市-吉林市的比较,对长春市区域物流规模、对邻接和外围区域物流和经济的辐射范围测度等空间作用方面进行了分析,为规划发展省会的区域物流以带动省内其他区域物流的发展提供了依据。     

我国出境旅游发展水平的国际比较研究

出境旅游市场是我国当前三大旅游市场中增长最快的市场,对出境旅游发展水平与阶段的正确认识是理论研究与政策实践的基础。基于全球44个主要的国际旅游客源国家与地区的1980年至2004年出境旅游及相关数据,本文采用截面回归与面板数据模型进行的研究发现：随着人均GDP与人均国民总收入的增长,一国的出境旅游率将会呈现指数形态的上升,在现价美元16000元左右将会出现出境旅游的爆发性增长;但一国的出境旅游率存在大国效应,人口规模与出境旅游率呈负相关关系;研究结果还显示,只有经济发展到达一定阶段后,经济增长速度对出境旅游增长的影响才会明显表现出来。     

A Partitioning Model of Urban Retail Structure

A model based on renewal theory generates the number of retail establishments in a place as the outcome of a competitive partitioning process. The available market, measured for example by population or by existing retail sales, is shared among businesses until no market potential market remains. Competing businesses obtain different shares of the market, and the number of establishments is predicted as a discrete random variable. Several alternative formulations are presented of varying generality. One version is successfully tested, using GLIM, on ten business types (SIC two-digit classes) in 232 cities of New York State for 1977 and 1987. The model correctly predicts the form and the variance structure of the relationship between number of establishments and place size. It is shown how the model may be combined with models of city-size distributions to predict aggregate frequency distributions of retail establishments across urban systems.     

An Assessment of the Causal Relationship between Growth and Inequality in Spanish Regions

This paper analyses the causal relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Spanish regions from 1970 to 2000. We examine such a relationship using a panel of data with four time observations on the level variables for each region. Thus, we use a modified form of traditional Granger causality tests to suit the short times series that are available. Applying a sum–difference test, we conclude that the empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth in Spanish regions leads to less income inequality, rather than any other possible causal relationship.     

RETURN AND ONWARD MIGRATIONS IN CANADA, 1976-1981: AN EXPLANATION BASED ON PERSONAL AND ECOLOGICAL VARIABLES

This paper applies a three-level nested logit model to the micro data of the 1981 Canadian census to explain the 1976-81 interprovincial migration choices of the non-natives (those whose province of residence was different from province of birth), aged 20 to 44, by personal factors and provincial attributes. Important personal factors include mother tongue, level of education, family type, and age. Influential provincial attributes include economic variables (income level, employment growth, and unemployment), distance, and cultural similarity. The main finding is that not only onward migrants but also return migrants were sensitive to the interprovincial variation in economic opportunities.
Dans cet article, nous appliquons un modèle logistique embotéà trois niveaux à des données micro du recensement canadien de 1981 afin ďexpliquer les choix effectués en matière de migration interprovinciale par les non-natifs (ceux résidant hors de leur province de naissance) gés de 20 à 44 ans). Les variables explicatives mises en valeur incluent des variables personnel les (langue maternelle, niveau ďinstruction, genre de famille et ge), des variables écologiques essentiellement économiques (niveau de revenu, croissance de Ľemploi et chdmage) ainsi que des variables relationnelles (distance et similarity culturellé). Selon le principal résultat obtenu, non seulement les migrations de depart mais aussi les migrations de retour sont sensibles aux écarts interprovinciaux en termes ďoccasions économiques.     

20世纪50年代基本建设投资的前提和结构

20世纪50年代,我国内地基本建设投资的前提是:生产力水平低下,人均产值低;资金紧缺,但资产相对集中;西方国家对我国实行经济封锁;我国确立了优先发展重工业的工业化方针.通过对我国经济建设投资的产业结构、区域布局、项目结构、主体结构的分析,我们可以得到几点启示:投资管理体制的变化要适应生产力发展的要求;建设规模不能超过国力许可的范围,急于求成必将适得其反;综合平衡应从短线出发.