美国黑幕揭发运动评释

“黑幕揭发”是美国新闻记者参与社会并监督其发展的主要运作方式 ,尤其是在 2 0世纪初 ,一批杂志记者通过“黑幕揭发”在美国发起一场社会文化批判运动 ,直接推动美国进步主义改革。不可否认 ,为追求轰动效应 ,某些黑幕揭发者采取了煽情报道手法 ,但从总体上看 ,积极批判社会黑暗、唤醒麻木民众是黑幕揭发者的主流目标。美国进步主义改革在很大程度上有赖于黑幕揭发运动。     

近年来国内关于美国对华经济遏制史研究述评

美国对华经济遏制史是亚洲冷战史的一个重要组成部分,它从经济角度解读冷战时期美国如何对社会主义中国进行遏制以配合美国亚洲冷战战略,从而服务于其全球冷战战略。相对于亚洲冷战史中的政治对抗、军事对峙、意识形态对立等问题的研究而言,我国国内对冷战史中关于美国对华经济遏制战略制定及实施的研究则起步较晚。随着改革开放和中国学逐渐走出国门,我国学在利用20世纪90年代美国国内新解密的件和西方学术界已有的研究成果的基础之上,在最近10年内取得了相当多的成果。     

An English approach to the American frontier

Studies of frontier migration in the American west are hampered by lack of data because few records contain evidence of reasons for migrating or evidence of decisions taken by individual migrants or groups of migrants. An extensive collection of letters from two English brothers who, in 1882, migrated to an English farm colony in north-west Iowa, then moved into horse-raising in Wyoming, then returned to Iowa, and later went back to Wyoming, provides an unusually illuminating case study in frontier migration. The letters reveal reasons for the frequent moves in the west over a seventeen-year period ending with the brothers' successful establishment as sheep ranchers in Wyoming. They show how each shift was conditioned by their previous experience of economic difficulties and by their persistent reliance upon contacts in England.     

Comments on the Guovdageaidnu seminar

Sammendrag

Forfatteren var selv en av deltakerne på NAVF's forskningsseminar i Kautokeino om minoritetsforskning sett fra humanistisk og samfunnsvitenskapelig side. I denne artikkelen gjør han rede for målsettinga med seminaret, som var en del av Forskningsrådets program for samisk og kvensk språk, historie og kultur. Han tar her saerlig for seg de grunnlagsproblem og forskningsetiske problem som generelt reiser seg i forskning som gjelder minoritets‐befolkninger, og setter seminaret i sammenheng med en pågående debatt ført av filosofer og sosialantropologer. Avslutningsvis gir forfatteren også en kortfattet vurdering av innleggene på seminaret sett i et slikt forskningsperspektiv. Hans eget innlegg på seminaret stod trykt i Acta Borealia nr. 1 1984.     

试析美国城市郊区化的起源

关于美国城市郊区化的起源 ,中美学术界提出了各种各样的观点。之所以出现这种分歧 ,一个重要原因就是学术界关于郊区和郊区化的概念和范畴存在很大分歧 ,同时也与郊区的特点和郊区化的本质有关。由于郊区化是工业化、城市化和城市交通发展的产物 ,同时又是城市化的一种方式、是城市的生态组织演进的一种方式 ,所以美国的郊区化早在 19世纪初就已经出现 ,此后 ,郊区化与城市化呈交错发展的模式。     

Comments on comments

This article is a comment on: Tubridge et al., 2012. Decennial reflections on a ‘geography of heritage’ (2000). International Journal of Heritage Studies, DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2012.695038     

Further Comments on the Simla Conference

Early in the period of the Republic of China,inAugust 1913,the Government of the Republic of Chinaheaded by Yuan Shikai sent a delegation to participatein tripartite talks in British India between China,Brit-ain and Tibet.This was under pressure from the Brit-ish Government and the aim was to“solve”the so-called Tibetan issue.Being held in Simla,the confer-ence was remembered by history as the SimlaConference.After long-drawn-out negotiations,noagreement was reached.The conference ended in fail-     

Comments on the flint daggers of Denmark

The transition to settled farming communities in northern Europe was a far more gradual process than elsewhere in Europe: this makes it possible to study the transition to farming archaeologically at a finer level of resolution. In this paper we trace the shift to cultivation in two areas: Denmark and Finland. Despite the difference in the time scale of agricultural evolution, and despite other chronological and environmental differences, we can, in both cases, isolate three distinct stages in the transition to fanning, thus extending the process well beyond the conventional date for the shift to cultivation. Both the case studies emphasize the long continuation of foraging adaptations, and the long delay before the appearance of a predominantly agricultural economy. This delay has been caused by the development of successful maritime adaptations, which acted as a viable alternative to farming until a specific trigger—a decline in marine resources—occurred and initiated the substitution phase of the transition.     

电视节目低俗化现象之评析

在现代技术文明和商业文化背景下成长起来的电视文化,加快了传统文化中高雅文化和商业文化的分化速度。但在电视文化通俗化的发展道路上,低俗化的倾向日益显现。本文通过分析低俗化现象产生的原因,提出了遏制电视节目低俗化的路径。