Valleys of Historicity and Ways of Power among the Fuyuge

ABSTRACT Attention to history is widely seen as a necessary corrective to the synchronic perspective of ethnography, especially as this has come to inform research in Melanesia. In fact, anthropologists turn to the study of history not only to understand ‘change’ and ‘the past’ but to delineate the ‘history’ of the people studied. However, history as a concept and discipline has a unique place in western knowledge conventions, an outcome of the distinctive ways of gauging and relating past, present and future. Historical analysis can augment ethnography but not necessarily portray the history of the people concerned, as they may have no history, as such. The article suggests that historicity is a more appropriate notion with which to register the significant ways in which the social past is entangled in what people are and do and in their future potentialities. This argument is made with reference to the Fuyuge people of highland Papua and their involvement in engineered trail and road building during the colonial and post‐colonial period and their simultaneous interest in the performance of their gab ritual. These events exemplify different kinds of power and associated historicity. Through scrutiny of each it is shown that the form of Fuyuge (Melanesian) historicity parallels that of their sociality and its distinct temporality. The events that actors perform produce not so much history, as the recurrent evocation of past actions and the foreshadowing of future ones.     

The Enisei River of Central Siberia in the Late Pleistocene

Recent Paleolithic work along the middle Enisei River of central Siberia has revealed a long history of occupation that almost certainly begins in the Middle Pleistocene. Although the evidence for the Lower Paleolithic is somewhat tentative, there is good reason to believe that hunter-gatherers had periodically occupied the middle Enisei before the last interglacial. The steppe environment of the region during the Upper Pleistocene was relatively bountiful; more than 200 Upper Paleolithic sites, both before and after the Last Glacial Maximum, have been located. The region appears to have been abandoned during the Last Glacial Maximum. Most of Soviet and Russian archaeological work has been guided by a cultural–historical orientation, but recently there has been increased interest in developing adaptationist and ecological research strategies. The middle Enisei and the wider central Siberian region are key to understanding early adaptations to the north and the dimensions of Paleolithic population movements.     

Colonialism, Material Culture, and Identity in the Rio Grande and Hudson River Valleys

A comparison of two seventeenth-century colonial encounters in North America, examining the Pueblo–Spanish interaction in New Mexico and the Mohawk–Dutch situation in New York. I focus on material culture flows, the role of women, forms of labor that were extracted in each setting and how each of these contributed to power relations and identity construction.

On Physical-Geographic Regionalization and the Regionalization of Natural Resources

The author finds conventional physical-geographic regionalization inadequate for economic-geographic purposes, and proposes instead a “natural regionalization” or regionalization of natural resources. Such a regionalization would reflect the economic assessment of the natural environment of a given area and would be more appropriate in economic-geographic research. The principles underlying natural-resource regionalization are illustrated with a regional scheme for the Sudan, an area to which the author has devoted special study.     

Transport Problems of the Volga Region in Connection with Development of its Productive Forces

The Volga region, which owes its economic development in considerable measure to its favorable transport situation, is expected to continue as a major transit region, as fuels and energy [oil, gas, electric power] are transmitted from newly developed Siberian areas to the manufacturing centers of European Russia. Because of the importance of the east-west routes, railroads will continue to play a key role in the regional transport picture, but pipelines and waterways are planned to become more important.     

从政区建置看三国时期川江沿线的攻防策略

川江的特殊历史地理背景及其在三国时期的战略地位决定了围绕川江对峙的双方政权对这一地区的经营擘画。由于对峙过程的持久性和地域的复杂性,双方的军事方略均在一定程度上体现为政区建置的调整。本文即从政区建置入手,剖析三国时期两个阶段中峡口东西两个政权,即鼎立时期的蜀国与吴国以及蜀亡以后的司马氏与吴国之间,围绕川江战线的攻防策略。     

平等、强国的追求与苏联的历史发展

平等和强国是俄罗斯人长期的理想和追求。这种追求在俄罗斯现代化发展中发挥着积极促进作用的同时,也产生了消极的影响和后果。史学应该深入总结其中的经验教训,不是简单地肯定或否定这种理想和信念,而是要仔细研究它的合理分寸,进而探讨其对苏俄历史进程的影响。     

西伯利亚开发与俄国现代化(1861-1917)

废除农奴制以后 ,俄国步入现代化轨道。向深度与广度方向发展是俄国资本主义现代化的典型特征。地域辽阔、资源丰厚的西伯利亚迎来了前所未有的历史机遇 ,其开发成为俄国现代化链条中不可或缺的环节。俄国现代化进程中的重大举措同西伯利亚开发息息相关。俄国现代化因西伯利亚开发而加速 ,也以牺牲西伯利亚的利益为代价。     

Problems in the Economic Regionalization of India

The authors propose a framework of a system of economic regions based on economic production principles. This principle is designed, on the one hand, to promote a regional economic specialization, and, on the other hand, to ensure integrated development of the regional economy. The Soviet geographers find that some major economic regions are already evident, for example, Western India (including West Bengal, Bihar and possibly Orissa), but that large parts of the country, especially in the north, lack sufficiently clear characteristics to make possible an economic regionalization without further detailed study.     

主题公园年卡会员市场特征研究——以四地欢乐谷为例

本文通过对深圳、北京、上海和成都四地欢乐谷年卡会员市场的深度访谈和问卷调查,分析主题公园年卡会员市场的特征和规律.研究发现:(1)年卡会员市场与主题公园总体市场的社会人口结构特征基本一致;(2)年卡会员重游频次高,平均达到5次以上,但园内二次消费较低,公园并无积极性以牺牲门票收入为代价,争取会员游客;(3)会员实际续卡率比续卡意愿要低很多,续卡率与公园吸引力的持续更新、会员自身家庭的生命周期,以及公园经营层对年卡策略的调整紧密相关.(4)消费者对年卡资费价格敏感度高,年卡资费的高低会影响会员的拥有量,营销推广能够促进年卡销售,根据欢乐谷的数据显示,年卡费用在门票的1.5 ～2倍之间更容易被中国大陆地区消费者接受.本文进一步提出了会员市场拥有量的合理规模、会员策略的精细化管理、客户关系管理的科学建立是3个值得深入探讨的研究方向.     

Archaeology and the study of indigenous peoples in Siberia

Abstract

This paper provides a brief outline of the inter-relationship between changes in the Russian state's policy of control in Siberia and academic study of the indigenous cultures in the area. Although the indigenous hunter-gatherers of Siberia were classified according to some of the same stereotypes that were (and are) applied in other parts of the world (representing them as remnants of the evolutionary process, noble savages or ecological guardians) these frameworks emerged in distinctive political, ideological and economic contexts during Russia's turbulent history.     

The Effectiveness of Integrated Development of Productive Forces in the New Pioneering Areas of Western Siberia

Coordinated development of industries in Western Siberia is advocated as a way of raising the effectiveness of capital investment in this new pioneering region. Significant savings in investment and operating costs are envisaged through the development of territorial-production complexes and industrial nodes with interrelated industrial enterprises and common service industries, such as water supply, utilities and transportation. Cost-benefit calculations by the Council for Study of Productive Forces, the Soviet Government's preplanning research agency, suggest that the integrated approach to regional development would yield investment savings of up to 20 percent or more compared with the construction of isolated industrial establishments.     

English Regionalization and Sustainability: Towards the Development of an Integrated Approach to Strategic Environmental Assessment

Central to this article is the suggestion that modern planning and development frameworks in England are currently at a potentially productive, although problematic turning point. Whilst on the one hand the UK is attempting to make the legislative and institutional changes necessary to facilitate the process of regionalization and devolution, it is at the same time facing the challenge of ensuring the necessary levels of inter-agency cohesion and integration required for the delivery of the meta-objectives at the heart of sustainable development. Of particular concern for the English regions is the increasing complexity of organizational relations, the fragmentary nature of provisions, the potential mismatch between the need to preserve environmental welfare and at the same time ensure regional economic competitiveness, and more fundamentally, the failure to provide an appropriate mechanism for the evaluation of sustainable development goals. In the light of these challenges, the authors highlight the value of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as a mechanism for improving the environmental quality of decision-making and make recommendations as to how the regional level of decision-making can provide an effective platform for the development of an SEA system which is capable of reconciling the sustainability conflicts derived from different tiers of decision-making. Within this discussion, suggestions are made as to the manner in which current ideas for introducing sustainability appraisal for Regional Planning Guidance should be amended.     

The Distribution of Lakes in the Northern Part of Western Siberia and the Inherited Development of Structures in the Recent Tectonic Stage

Lake cover in the northern part of Western Siberia is correlated with recent crustal movements. A high concentration of lakes is found to be associated with downwarps and a low lake-cover index with the crests of positive structures. Lake-cover maps can thus be used to predict the presence of structures in the sedimentary mantle of the West Siberian plain as an aid in oil and gas prospecting. If the median of the frequency distribution of lakes is assumed to be the relative zero level of differential crustal movements in a particular region, the deciles for the distribution can be converted into a numerical scale suggesting the relative positive and negative movements in the neotectonic framework. The intensity and direction of these movements, as derived from lake-cover analysis, may serve as an additional aid in prospecting for oil and gas.     

中国共产党对有中国特色社会主义道路的探索与发展

中国共产党领导的80年,是把马克思主义与中国革命实践相结合的80年.建国以后,中国共产党领导中国人民在不断探索中前进,寻找建设社会主义的道路;在改革开放实践中,创立了邓小平理论,找到了一条建设有中国特色的社会主义道路;党的第三代领导集体,在实践中运用、丰富邓小平理论,使之成为不断创新的行动指南.     

乌兰夫民族工作的主要原则和特点——纪念乌兰夫诞辰100周年

乌兰夫是党和国家优秀的领导人,卓越的民族工作领导人。他在我党我国民族工作的长期实践中形成了在民族工作中坚持一切从实际出发,实事求是;树立整体和全局观念;尊重少数民族的平等权利和自治权利;坚持党对民族工作领导等的主要原则,也形成了民族工作的一些特点。     

On the Objective and the Subjective Character of Economic Regionalization

The author takes issue with the preceding article on the question of the objective basis for regionalization. Saushkin maintains that the unity of economic regions is not derived from their internal economic relations, as Alampiyev puts it, but from the existence of what Saushkin terms “territorial complexes of productive forces.” Saushkin asserts that a single objective system of regions exists in reality and that it is the task of science to uncover that system. Saushkin says Alampiyev's suggestion that there may be several variants of regionalization smacks of the Western subjective approach to regionalization.