Methods Of Evaluating The Natural Environment For Transport Development (with reference to the north of Tyumen' Oblast)

A landscape map of northern Tyumen' Oblast, an area of intensive oil and gas development, is used as the base for compilation of an applied landscape map evaluating the environment in terms of suitability for various means of transportation. In terms of such criteria as the carrying capacity of the ground, dissection of terrain and slope angles, climate, distances between trees, bog and lake cover, 16 regions offering distinctive conditions for transport development are delimited and mapped. The technique is offered as an aid in estimating transport-development costs and may be applied for similar purposes in other regions of USSR.     

An Evaluation of the Territory of Moscow Oblast in Terms of Physiologic-Climatic Parameters

A regionalization of Moscow Oblast is derived from a physiologic-climatic evaluation for purposes of settlement and recreation. The evaluation is based on the frequency of occurrence of particular classes of weather through the year. The most common classes in Moscow Oblast are the 1C class (light negative heat balance), which is determined by global macrofactors and produces an undifferentiated background in the oblast, and the N class (comfortable condition of heat equilibrium) and 2C class (moderately negative heat balance), which reflect more localized factors and can be used for a differentiated evaluation of physiologic-climatic conditions. Eleven physiologic-climatic regions are delimited on the basis of the difference between the number of days with comfortable conditions (N class) and the number of moderately cold days (2C class). Optimal conditions for settlement and recreation are found south and southeast of Moscow; the most unfavorable in the low-lying swampy Dubna area, where the Moscow-Volga canal meets the Volga River.     

关于社会主体旅游方式决定因素的分析——兼论东西方旅游习惯差异的形成与表现

东西方国家民众的主体旅游方式和旅游传统有着明显差异,长期以来,西方人喜欢一地停留式的“度假旅游”,以中国人为典型代表的东方人则喜欢周游式“观光旅游”。本文认为,东西方之间在旅游文化上的这种差异,不但体现在社会主体旅游方式上,也体现在各自语言文化中有关旅游的日常用语上,还体现在旅游机构的名称,以及旅游统计口径和划分标准上。本文进一步认为,是以下六大因素决定了社会主体旅游方式的形成——文化观念、社会环境、地理条件、经济条件、心理因素、科技水平,并分析了它们如何作用于人们旅游习惯的形成。     

An Analysis of Factors in the Location of Primary Processing

An analysis of locational factors in the distribution of primary processing industries of the USSR seeks to determine the relative significance of resource location and nonphysical factors such as labor supply, level of industrial development and availability of transportation. Although it is commonly assumed that primary processing industry tends to be oriented toward resource sites, as much as 43 percent of the output of Soviet primary processing originates outside areas of resource extraction. In examining the pull of resource sites, the analysis distinguishes types of spatial processing complexes that are subject to strong, moderate and slight resource orientation. Measures are then developed for the impact of nonphysical factors. Finally, the 129 major civil divisions of the Soviet Union are grouped in a spatial classification of primary processing industry that combines the varying effects of resource location and the nonphysical factors. It is concluded that favorable resource base and favorable nonphysical factors tend to reinforce each other in determining location, but that favorable nonphysical factors may give rise to large-scale primary processing even in absence of a significant resource base.     

Cartographic Evaluation of the use of Timber Resources in Irkutsk Oblast

The northward shift of logging operations in Irkutsk Oblast is plotted both on a grid of equal-area squares and by the centrographic technique. Over the 30—year period 1938–68, the center of logging has moved downstream along the Angara River, largely in connection with the clearing of the future Bratsk reservoir bed and the construction of the Tayshet-Lena railroad. The present trend is for a gradual closing of the gap between the center of logging operations and the center of timber resources. However, a widening gap between the center of settlement and the center of logging suggests that the lumber and wood-products industry, as a pioneering activity in new development areas, has been poorly integrated with other economic activities.     

杨森主黔原因探析

1944年12月,南京国民政府任命杨森为贵州省主席。杨森既非蒋介石嫡系,又非其同乡,却能够出掌贵州省政。究其原因,本文认为,南京国民政府主要考虑了巩固战时国防,加强地方建设,实现抗战建国目标;彻底解决西南地方势力,实现国家统一和杨森的个人经历及其与蒋介石的关系等几方面因素。     

Determining the preservation rating of submerged archaeology in the post-glacial southern North Sea: a first-order geomorphological approach

Abstract

During most of the last glaciation, the southern North Sea floor was exposed and accessible to humans. Archaeological finds are concentrated around Brown Bank, Dogger Bank and the Norfolk Banks, but the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeological potential of these areas is poorly known. Management of submerged archaeological heritage requires knowledge about location (potential) and context, ascribing significance (value) and determining risk. Thus, the preservation potential of primary and secondary archaeological material around these three areas is considered a) in the context of the post-glacial evolution of the southern North Sea and b) regarding natural and anthropogenic processes. A detailed review is followed by original research material describing an approach to assessing preservation potential. In general, low-energy deposits associated with former intertidal, floodplain or lacustrine environments are likely to preserve primary archaeological material, including organic remains, whilst (high-energy) riverine environments are more likely to preserve inorganic secondary archaeological material. The main possible anthropogenic impacts on submerged archaeology result from beam trawling, which may disturb deposits at the seafloor, and aggregate dredging, which may remove secondary deposits. Trawling and aggregate dredging are increasingly contributing to knowledge, through reporting finds through established protocols, and through assisting in funding relevant to multi-disciplinary research.     

全国重点文物保护单位统计特征分析与研究

我国共有766722处不可移动文物,其中价值突出、真实完整而被核定为全国重点文物保护(国保)单位的有5058处.我国国保单位体系完整、内涵深厚、分布广泛,其中古建筑最多,共计2162处,占总数的42.7％,其后依次是古遗址、近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑、古墓葬、石窟寺及石刻等.各类型文物在时空分布上的特点总体反映了各区域独特的文化面貌.分析国保单位的统计特征,研究文物的空间分布特点,有利于把握文物保护利用规律,推进文物领域治理体系和治理能力现代化.     

《离骚》狂放奇艳的艺术特色及其成因分析

本文认为,《离骚》具有狂放和奇艳的艺术特色。其狂放的艺术特色是与楚民族"剽轻"的性格特征和屈子悲剧性的人生际遇分不开的。其奇艳的艺术特色除受当时的时代风气影响外,还与屈子对荆楚秀丽山川和楚地重繁饰的巫教的艺术体验有关。     

安徽淮北部分地区出土青铜器的铜矿来源分析

内容提要本文利用地球化学示踪的原理,以特征微量元素作为判别标志,对安徽省淮北部分地区出土的先秦时期铜器的铜料来源进行了初步分析,其中部分样品的铜料可能来自铜陵地区,有的可能来自铜绿山及其它地区。     

近代早期英国贵族的富裕程度分析

近代早期英国贵族的富裕程度是英国贵族研究中的一个重要问题。以往的研究存在不足和偏颇之处。本文认为 ,近代早期英国贵族的经济状况呈下降趋势的观点值得商榷。这一时期 ,英国贵族的收入形式多样化 ,收入水平提高 ,消费能力和消费水平也大大超过以往 ,虽然乡绅和工商业者的经济地位不断提高 ,但在工业革命前 ,尚无人能够企及贵族的富裕程度。     

世博会参观者分布和影响因素分析

本文根据2005年爱知世博会样本数据,采用多元线性模型,分析了世博会参观者的分布及其影响因素.研究表明:世博会参观者分布有其内在不均衡性,如阶段性持续递增、锯齿性曲线、不确定性、工作日和节假日分布差异等;世博会办展质量和吸引力是影响参观者人数和分布的最主要因素;影响参观者人数的外生变量,具有叠加和共振效应,因而形成参观者高峰日或低谷日.本文研究结果,将有助于上海世博会园区规划、运营筹划、成本预算和风险控制等.     

An Economic Regionalization of North Vietnam

A North Vietnamese graduate student at Moscow University offers a division of North Vietnam into four economic regions and assesses their future development in terms of energy-and-production cycles (groups of technologically interrelated activities proposed by N. N. Kolosovskiy). In a second paper, the author conceptualizes economic regions as consisting of a core or center, accounting for most of the production; an inner shell dependent on the core, and an outer shell that may gravitate to any of a number of adjoining core areas depending on the purpose of the study. The original boundaries of the four-region system of North Vietnam are reviewed in light of the “outer shell” concept. The four-region system is essentially confirmed, but the allocation of some provinces in the “outer shell” is found to be disputable, and regional boundaries have been adjusted.     

"华北"考

“华北”用于区域专用话语,是在近代西方在华势力扩大之后,从英语“NorthChina”衍生出来的,也与日语“北支那”有关。经过传媒的传播和民众的关注,“华北”一词成为具有民众广泛认同的地理词汇,并随着日本侵华强化了时代特点和使命感。值得重视的是,华北一词通过人文和自然科学的认定,通过冠名华北的管理机构的成立,有了行政区划,虽然该区划为时不长,但其区域理念和话语一直延续至今。     

前工业化时期英国农村劳动力转移和城市化的制约因素

英国从11世纪“城市兴起”至18世纪工业革命的7个世纪间,劳动力转移进程缓慢,城市化和工业化成果不及工业革命后一个世纪的成就,主要原因在于三个方面:政治上封建农奴制阻碍农村人口流动;经济上农业生产力落后,难以将大量农业人口从土地上解放出来;观念上封建传统思想在相当程度上限制了农村劳动力转移和人口流动。     

社区参与生态旅游的内在动因分析——以滇西北哈木谷社区为例

社区居民作为生态旅游开发中的相关利益群体之一,他们参与生态旅游开发、经营的内在动因直接影响到生态旅游开发的质量和生态旅游社区的持续发展。本文作者通过在滇西北哈木谷社区的实地调查,研究社区居民参与生态旅游发展的需求,进而分析社区参与生态旅游的内在动因,以期为生态旅游社区的发展规划提供决策上的参考。     

Determining the Provenance of native copper artifacts from Northeastern North America: evidence from instrumental neutron activation analysis

The emergence of archaeological interest in native copper in the mid-1800s developed in concert with explanations that privileged the Lake Superior area over other potential sources of copper. Most scholars have thus assumed that when copper artifacts first appeared in Northeastern North America, they arrived as finished implements or were locally made from Lake Superior raw materials. Procurement models that point to Lake Superior as the sole source of native copper have been widely accepted in the absence of systematic large-scale testing. This article evaluates the dominant model for native copper procurement and presents trace element data derived from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine whether hunter-gatherers in the Northeast utilized one dominant source of copper or in fact exploited a number of geological deposits. I specifically report on the chemical characterization of copper from 13 discrete geological deposits and 18 archaeological sites dating to the Late Archaic (ca. 5000–3000 B.P.) and Early Woodland (ca. 3000–2000 B.P.) periods to suggest that the dominant model for native copper procurement is oversimplified.     

江苏省入境旅游流的时空演变及影响因素分析

入境旅游是衡量一个地区旅游经济发展水平的重要指标.本文以2000~2012年江苏入境旅游人数和外汇收入数据为基础,运用定量方法、GIS软件等对江苏入境旅游流的时空演变过程及影响因素进行分析.研究发现:江苏入境旅游流及外汇收入稳步上升,2005年后江苏入境旅游经济逐渐走向成熟;在2000~2005年期间,港澳游客占据江苏的主要入境客流市场,2005年后外国游客成为江苏入境旅游市场的主角;入境旅游流流质不断提高,各市入境旅游流流质空间分布差异逐渐减小;江苏入境旅游流流量受民航客运量及经济社会发展影响较大;而交通线路长度及星级酒店对旅游流质量影响较大.