New Outlook of The Snow Land

Tibetan Buddhism ismodernizing,andmonasteries in Tibetare now engaged inbusiness as well asspiritual matters.Minzhuling Monastery inShannan has set up a storewith an investment of 10,000Yuan."Our net profits reachmore than 1,600 Yuan a day,"     

The standardized pricking probe surveying and its use in Archaeology

In this paper we present the so-called standardized pricking probe surveying technique and demonstrate its usefulness in an archaeological study. The buried target is a Palaeochristian sepulchral chapel, which had already been excavated 82 years ago, then re-buried and forgotten.     

The objective–subjective dichotomy and its use in describing probability

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the nature of the objective–subjective dichotomy, first from a general historical point of view, and then with regard to the use of these terms over time to describe theories of probability. The different (metaphysical and epistemological) meanings of ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ are analysed, and then used to show that all probability theories can be divided into three broad classes. A formal definition of (epistemological) objectivity is given and used to clarify this division.     

天上瑶池，人间万绿

在地球北回归线上,几乎全是沙漠或干旱的草原,只有中国河源的万绿湖、肇庆的鼎湖山和云南的西双版纳是亚热带雨林和热带丛 林。神奇大自然带给人们无尽的惊喜,河源万绿湖,一个多山多水多情多梦的人间仙境,一个镜花水月般的理想王国。在中国十大 古典白话长篇小说之一的清代章回小说《镜花缘》中,作者李汝珍讲述百花仙子被贬到人间后,便是在此降生,并在此展开一段曲 折优美的浪漫故事。书中道:“百花仙子降生在岭南唐秀才之家,乃河源县地方”。因此,河源,被称为是百花仙子的故乡。     

Climatic anomalies,food systems,and subsistence crises in medieval Novgorod and Ladoga

Climatic factors have affected subsistence strategies throughout human history. In northern Europe and Russia, short-term climatic anomalies and weather extremes are commonly thought to underlie famines in the Middle Ages. However, medieval subsistence crises were not just natural disasters and medieval people were not passive victims of climatic anomalies. In addition, the capacity to cope with climatic anomalies has varied temporally and spatially throughout the Middle Ages. Yet only a few studies have explored the climatic impact on regional medieval food systems comprehensively. This article examines the significance of climate variability on subsistence crises in medieval Novgorod and Ladoga (Russia), focusing on the relationship between short-term climate anomalies and crop cultivation. In addition, this paper evaluates the impact of crop failures, frosts, and other weather phenomena on the food system. The materials are drawn from medieval sources, paleoclimatological reconstructions, and archaeological evidence. The results show that short-term climatic anomalies alone rarely lead to severe subsistence crises, and during every famine period there is evidence of other contributing factors, such as unfavourable weather phenomena, disease, or social unrest. The variety of cultivated crops and agricultural techniques is shown to increase the region’s resilience to climatic anomalies and to crop failures.     

明末清初西湖小说与西湖诗词

明末清初西湖小说与西湖诗词有着共同的文化背景与地域色彩,西湖诗词能够自然贴切地融入小说叙事,创造出诗情画意的优美意境,提高了西湖小说的艺术品位,调节小说叙事的节奏,使其情节生动曲折又符合情理逻辑,还丰富了人物的思想感情与心理活动。     

The crowsteps motif in Nabataean architecture: insights into its meaning and use

Nabataeans, in constructing their tombs, added many symbols and geometrical forms, plants and animals. Crowsteps, as a geometrical form, are the most common among these symbols. This study investigates the use of the crowsteps motif found frequently on the facades of Nabataean tombs. The primary focus is to replace models of typological explanation for the introduction of crowsteps into the Nabataean rock‐cut facades. The study begins with tracing the origin of the crowsteps motif and the way it was adopted by the Nabataeans to become one of the most significant features in the making of Nabataean architectural vocabularies. It then provides a theoretical framework for explaining the use and meaning of the crowsteps in Nabataean architecture. Thematic analysis of related literature and existing architectural remains allows us to suggest that crowsteps served both sacred and secular purposes. Sacredly, crowsteps were used to connect the deceased with the principal deities through metaphorical representation either as a ‘high place’ or as a ‘throne’. Secularly, crowsteps served basic human needs: representing identity, wealth and social structure. The study also considers that the Nabataean rock‐cut crowsteps activated the dialogue between different cultural traditions and helped in shaping the ideological cult and identity of the Nabataeans.     

孤独的青海湖

一个偶然的机会,我只身一人来到青海湖.当时正赶上青海湖畔刮起九级大风,来势凶猛的暴风雨几乎吞噬了偌大的青海湖.为了一睹青海湖的美貌,我还是决定冒雨前行,了却我多年渴望见到青海湖的心愿。     

盐湖 不可思议的至纯之美

正盐湖是咸水湖的一种,主要指分布在干旱地区盐度(以氯化物为主)很高的湖泊,是湖泊发展到老年期的产物。这里的“盐”可不同于家中的食用盐,它富集着多种盐类,包括碳酸盐、硫酸盐等,是重要的矿产资源。自然界的湖泊中或多或少都含有盐类,但只有水体中的可溶盐含量大于35克/升才能称为盐湖。盐湖的形成需要独特的地理环境,世界上绝大多数的盐湖分布在干旱半干旱的环境中。由于缺少降水,地表水系又汇入不畅,这些湖泊中水分的注入量远小于蒸发量,里面的矿物质含量越来越浓,含盐度也就逐渐增大。在盐湖地区,常常可以看到环湖有     

The Rhetorical Side of Transport Planning

A rhetorical approach to transport planning seemingly contradicts the traditional bias towards means-ends rationality and reliance on analytical techniques. However, this approach is useful for understanding transport planning in its present context. Two major causes are suggested for a possibly growing importance of rhetoric. One is the institutional setting of the transport planning authorities; the other is the changing conception of transport planning problems. Some archetypal rhetorical strategies are described, as well as a particular strategy aiming at the acceptance of road pricing. Acknowledging the rhetorical content of transport planning practice implies new challenges for transport planners. A normative framework based on communicative planning theory is outlined. The discussion draws upon case study material from transport planning in Trondheim, Norway.     

解读西湖——西湖文化景观的特色和构成

西湖,本是一个山水实体,属于自然界的一部分,但在不断地演变中成为一个著名的文化景观,并且在一千多年的时间里,始终处于中国人审美体验、审美活动的中心位置,不断地影响着中国人的生活、思绪和艺术活动。     

Luminescence dating of prehistoric hearths in Northeast Qinghai Lake and its paleoclimatic implication

Archeological research has been trying to provide evidence relevant to understanding both the timing of and processes responsible for human colonization of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Hearth is one of the most extensive, important, and typical prehistoric humanity activity evidence on the QTP. However, there are a number of hearths lacking charcoal material because of the wind and water erosion. Fortunately, most of these hearths can be dated by luminescence dating on the remnant sediments around the hearth. In this study, 18 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples from 14 hearths in Yandongtai site (YDT) and Bronze Wire site (BW) in the northeast of Qinghai Lake area were systematically dated. The OSL ages range from 6.8 ± 0.7 to 14.4 ± 1.2 ka. There is a good agreement between OSL dating results and charcoal ages during the last deglaciation period, which indicates that OSL method has great potential in dating hearth on QTP. Combined with the previous dating results from other hearths, the age of hearths concentrates in 11–13 ka BP, i.e., the Younger Dryas (YD) chronozone. The increased number of hearths indicates reinforced colonization in the Qinghai Lake area during YD cold event, implying that the cold climate during YD event was not severe enough to hinder the inhabitation of prehistoric humanity at an elevation of 3.2 km.     

鄱阳湖的鹤(下)

<正>拍鹤之"阵地战"有一江西本地鸟友,不仅鸟片拍得与众不同,而且拍鸟的精神也是可圈可点,今年他选中鄱阳湖的灰鹤,白枕鹤落在他的面前,他没拍,因为白枕鹤不在他今年的拍摄计划中,像这样的鸟友做什么都会成功。有一天,这位鸟友提出,在鄱阳湖拍鹤,"游击战"行不通,改打"阵地战"吧。我勉强同意,鸟友在鄱阳湖周边经过细致地实地勘察,远远地观察,选好角度后,决定搭建六个隐蔽棚,这六个地方,每天都有上千只鹤,不信拍不到近距离的鹤。为了搭建隐蔽棚,鸟友就地取材,选择了木棒、树枝、     

鄱阳湖的鹤(上)

<正>仙鹤在古代是"一鸟之下,万鸟之上",仅次于凤凰的"一品鸟",传说中的鹤是一种仙禽,据《雀豹古今注》中载,"鹤千年则变成苍,又两千岁则变黑,所谓玄鹤也",因而鹤常被认为鸟中长寿的代表,人们常说的"松鹤延     

巴音布鲁克草原 美丽湿地天鹅湖

<正>巴音布鲁克草原,蒙古语意为"丰富的泉水",位于新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县西北天山中部腹地,平均海拔约2500米,面积约2.3万平方公里。开都河蜿蜒流过大小尤鲁都斯山间草原盆地,形成了众多的湖泊和广袤的高原湿地,著名的天鹅湖九曲十八弯就坐落在草原上,也是国家AAAAA级景区,2013年6月,被联合国教科文组织授予天山系列世界自然遗产地称号。在巴音布鲁草原栖息的鸟儿有128种之多,隶属14目30科80余属,其中雀形目53     

GIS进入历史地理学研究10年回顾

地理信息系统进入中国历史地理学研究已经有10年历史,本文回顾了这10年间以CHGIS为主要代表的历史地理信息化建设的主要成果,显示出这一手段已经成为历史地理某些方向的常规方法,特别在历史河流地貌研究中发挥了很大作用,使历史时期河流的相对精细形态得以呈现。以黄河"京东故道"重建为代表的空间矢量数据获得方法为学界相关研究树立了典范,在矢量数据重建的基础上,"度-簇"结构和"分形"在分析所获得的历史空间矢量数据方面具有很大前景。     

清代东太湖地区的湖田与水文生态

清代的东太湖地区的湖田出现了快速增长。随着山区水土流失,东太湖的泥沙量大增,水面植被也出现大扩展,淤积和湖田扩展也因此加速。在西部出现大缺口,大缺口在清代很快合拢。东部湖田发展使出太湖的水流受阻,吴淞江北移瓜泾口,进而使东北部湖田快速发展。湖田形成时往往先是大圩,后是小圩,以后逐步形成纵向交错的河网。植桑又加速了湖田水稻土的培肥,优良的水稻土在小圩规模上逐步形成。植桑养蚕与稻作的配合维持了传统江南生态农业的持续。