Soviet Geographers at the 19th International Geographical Congress

Reviewing the contribution of Soviet geographers at the Stockholm congress, the author makes a plea for more papers on economic geography and on integrated problems in geography. He denies that a trend toward greater emphasis on specialized disciplines is characteristic of Soviet geography. He criticizes some Soviet geographers for preparing what Saushkin considers misleading summaries of papers presented by foreign geographers.     

The Results of the 21st International Geographical Congress

A review of the New Delhi meetings notes the significance of the congress for the development of the science of geography in India as well as the growing participation of geographers from developing countries. Abstracts of papers are analyzed statistically by subject and by country of origin. The geography of agriculture and urban geography are found to be more heavily represented than at most congresses (except the 18th in Rio de Janeiro), reflecting the significance of these two research areas for developing countries. Papers from socialist countries are found to be underrepresented in biogeography (especially medical geography) and the geography of agriculture, industry, and transportation. The hope is expressed that the Montreal congress in 1972 will break away from the traditional thematic breakdown and organize sections around interdisciplinary problem areas.     

The Development of International Contacts in the Field of Geography and Preparations for the 20th International Geographical Congress

The authors review international contacts of Soviet geographers in the last four years and describe a volume of Soviet contributions prepared for the London congress. Soviet Geography, its editor, and David Hooson of the University of British Columbia are criticized for their coverage of the Soviet ideological dispute over the “unified geography” concept. A Soviet proposal for greater timeliness and activity in the work of the IGU is offered.     

Farming Problems in the Zones of the USSR and the Tasks of Soviet Geographers

The authors discuss changes in the geography curriculum under the Soviet school reform of 1958, which has replaced the basic seven-year school with a basic eight-year school and has extended the so-called middle school from ten to eleven grades.     

International Assistance to the Former Soviet Union: Conditions and Transitions1

Since the demise of the Soviet Union the newly independent states (NIS) have attempted the wholesale reform of their economic, political, and social institutions. With varying levels of success they have sought to create new institutions or reorganize old institutions, often so as to mirror similar institutions in western Europe and North America. Many nations and international organizations have sought to influence these transitions with technical assistance, foreign aid, concessional loans, and trade/investment promotion programs. In this article we attempt to bridge the conceptual, analytic, and empirical gaps between those who argue that external influences remain unimportant and those who believe that international organizations and foreign governments can support reforms. Specifically, we argue that although external assistance can play a positive role in the successful consolidation of political and economic reforms, the contribution of external assistance to the post-Soviet transitions has been limited by the institutional arrangements, technical proficiency, and political motivations of the aid providers. We thus analyze patterns of foreign assistance to demonstrate that implicit conditionalities imposed by aid donors upon recipient countries—with regard to geographic distribution, program priorities, timing, and graduation criteria—often force recipients to comply with reform agendas that may or may not be favorable for the recipient.     

Problems in the Theory of Geography in the Section on Geographic Theory and Model Building at the 22d International Geographical Congress

The chairman of Leningrad University's Geography Faculty presents a critical review of the section on geographic theory and model building at the International Geographical Congress in Montreal, in which he participated. He finds the section to have been poorly integrated, with no common focus between the papers on theory and on models. [Some of the author's comments on individual papers appear based on misreading or misinterpretation of the English texts, and the most salient differences have been noted in brackets.—Editor, S. G.]     

Present Problems in Soviet Cartography and the Tasks of the Geographical Society

After having long existed as a technical discipline serving the needs of geographers, cartography in the Soviet Union has become increasingly a research discipline involving many common interests with geography. Collaboration between cartographers and geographers is becoming increasingly essential as more attention is being given to thematic cartography involving not only particular disciplines (geomorphology, economic geography, population geography) but what may be called an integrated “geographical” cartography. Much effort continues to be devoted in the Soviet Union to the compilation of regional atlases and to a wide range of thematic maps. Increasing attention is being given to the production of evaluative maps, assessing the potential use of the physical environment and natural resources. School maps represent a major part of Soviet map production. Tourist and hiking maps need to be seriously improved.     

The Forthcoming Congress of the Geographical Society of the USSR and its Program

A factual account of the economy of the Virgin Lands Kray, one of the Soviet Union's most Important wheat-growing areas, established in December 1960 as a distinct administrative entity within the Kazakh SSR. In addition to wheat farming, which suffers from unreliable rainfall, the kray plays an important role as a supplier of iron ore to the Urals and as a prospective producer of aluminum.     

民国最后一任驻苏大使傅秉常在苏联的日子

本文作者为中华民国最后一任驻苏联大使傅秉常孙女,兹依据傅氏日记对其使苏期间的使馆日常工作稍作梳理,供对中苏关系有兴趣的研究者参考。     

1932年中苏复交档案史料

1932年6月,国民政府行政院决议筹备与苏联复交,不久,国民党中央政治会议外交组拟具“中苏复交问题方案”。本组史料反映了中东路事件平息后中方筹备中苏复交的过程。     

苏联历史档案的解密、编纂与出版

本文阐述了1991年以后苏联历史档案解密的三个阶段。重点考察了2000年以后俄罗斯国内对已开放苏联历史档案的编纂和出版概况。介绍了重要的系列苏联历史文献集的概貌。     

中国代表团出席国联第十九届大会总报告暨金问泗在第二委员会上的演说词

1938年9月,以顾维钧为首的中国代表团出席国联第十九届大会,事后编成总报告书一份,分述会上讨论与中国有关之重要问题。国民政府驻荷兰特命全权大使金问泗曾在本后大会第二委员会上发表演说,说明日本侵华对在华外人权利之影响及中方如何克服图难致力于经济建设之情况,以争取世界各国对战时中国的了解与支持。本刊特予刊出,以期对研究国民政府抗战期间参与国际组织并利用其发挥外交作用有所裨益。     

从俄藏档案看周达文生平事迹研究中的几个问题

周达文是贵州镇远出生的中共早期重要人物。先后在莫斯科东方大学、中山大学、列宁学院学习和工作,受到中共中央和共产国际的器重,《斯大林全集》中的《给丘贡诺夫的信》就是写给他的。由于他的后半生是在苏联度过,为研究他的生平事迹带来很大困难。俄罗斯新解密的档案材料,可以帮助我们考察清楚他的生卒年月、他在北京的革命活动、在留苏中共党员中的作用和地位、他坚持反对王明的宗派主义和左倾冒险主义并因此而被陷害致死,以及后来苏联最高法院为他平反等重要问题。     

论盛世才政权与苏联同盟关系的基础

新疆盛世才政权与苏联的关系是民国时期中苏关系中的一个重要而又缺乏研究的课题。本文试图就其中一个方面──盛世才与苏联结盟的原因作一初探,笔者认为盛苏同盟是建立在盛苏相互利用、相互需要的基础上的,即盛世才为击败政治、军事对手,巩固自己在新疆的统治地位,需要取得、利用苏联的援助,苏联为维护其中亚地区的社会稳定、远东安全,并谋求在新疆的权益,也需要利用、扶植盛世才。