THE ROLE AND MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE OUTER ZONE IN THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE MOSCOW REGION

The proposed basic functions and structure of the “Outer Zone” of the Moscow Region are outlined as part of a long-term physical planning model. The zone, which includes the Transition Zone, Linear Anti-Cores I and II, and Peripheral Zone I of the original model (Soviet Geography, February 1987), is to serve primarily as a check to territorial growth of the Core (a function once assigned to the more centrally located, but now largely developed Buffer Zone) and a potential base for new economic development in the future. A ranking of sites for limited, more immediate development is included (translated by H. L. Haslett, Birmingham, UK).     

THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF MILK PRODUCTION IN THE MOSCOW REGION AND WAYS OF IMPROVING IT

Ways of improving the locational pattern of milk production and processing facilities in Moscow Oblast are investigated in order to: (a) reduce the volume of long-distance whole milk imports during winter; (b) increase the size of the dairy herd in the Moscow Region, especially in the west, through more effective utilization of natural pasture and cultivated fodder; and (c) promote a shift in animal husbandry toward dairy stock in areas fringing the capital. Milk processing facilities are compared in terms of production capacity, direct sales versus shipments to higher-order processors, and percentage of output consumed within the oblast and by Moscow (translated by Andrew R. Bond).     

PLACE-NAME EVIDENCE IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MOSCOW

The authors demonstrate that place names can help to reconstruct the changing geography of Moscow by identifying and localizing the stages of the city's growth, the development of its radial-circular layout, the absorption of adjoining villages, the distribution of handicrafts and industries, and the existence of hydrographic features and vegetative cover. (The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.)     

PREDICTION OF TRANSPORT-ECONOMIC LINKAGES IN THE USSR

Possible changes in production patterns of basic Soviet industries and the resulting interregional linkages and freight flows are projected over the next 25 to 30 years. Interregional energy flows are expected to be limited largely to oil and gas as well as power transmission at extra high voltages. Steam-coal movements will be restricted to the limits of particular economic regions, and coking-coal movements will be reduced as a result of technological changes in the iron and steel industry (electric steels, direct conversion, peat-based metallurgy). In general, the share of semifinished and finished goods is expected to increase and that of raw materials and fuels to decline in interregional hauls. The likely new flow patterns are examined for the Soviet Union's principal transport corridors.     

内蒙古自治区农村人口多维贫困特征测算与分析

针对国家精准扶贫需求,构建基于A-F双临界值法的多维贫困度量模型,进行内蒙古自治区农村人口多维贫困特征的总体测算与分析,并分别分析多维贫困的空间集聚效应及不同分类体系下的贫困分异特征。结果显示:①研究区西部存在大面积高度贫困县单元,中部存在呈东西条带状分布的中度贫困县单元,东部地区贫困程度呈现"南高北低"状态;②研究区主要致贫因素为:人均纯收入、家庭健康、平均教育年限,一般致贫因素为燃料类型、资产、房屋结构,次要致贫因素为:饮水情况、通电情况、儿童入学率;且大部分贫困指标呈显著空间集聚效应;③研究区西部县际贫困特征差异较小,东部存在显著的南北分布差异;④不同类型县各贫困指标差异不同。     

浙南海外移民群体的形成原因及其特征

浙南地区移民海外历史悠久,已有二百多年历史。在二十世纪50年代前海外移民群体的形成主要得益于青田叶腊石矿的开发和青田石雕工艺品在海外的销售,改革开放后新移民群体的形成则是由于国家放宽出国审批手续、移出地自然和经济条件的影响、历史渊源和亲朋彼此相携传统的影响和发达国家对劳动力的需求增加所致。与老一代移民相比,新移民具有受教育程度高、观念新、年轻,且大多有一定的经济基础,适应能力强。从事的行业也从餐饮业逐步扩大到皮革业、服装业、装潢业、百货业及进出口贸易、房地产等行业。对侨居国尤其是侨乡经济社会的快速发展产生了重要影响。     

中国西部省会城市中心性分析

中心性是反映城市为其以外地区提供服务能力大小的指标,也是衡量城市中心地位高低的重要依据。文章在借鉴国内城市中心性相关研究成果的基础上,根据统计资料提供的数据,分别计算出1984年、1995年和2001年西部省会城市的中心性指数;然后,根据不同时期中心性指数的变化,分析其中心地位的消长涨落;根据2001年中心性指数的大小,划分其中心地位的等级体系,并据此对西部省会城市未来发展的空间组织格局做出初步判断。     

中国民歌文化的地域特征及其地理基础

在简述民歌文化研究状况的基础上,作者分析了中国民歌文化区形成的历史基础;并从文化地理的角度,探讨了民歌文化的地域整合性。然后将全国民歌文化区分为七大区域,包括:以江南小调为代表的"江南水乡风格",以北方号子为代表的"粗犷刚劲风格",以"信天游"、"花儿"为代表的"西北高原风格",以云、贵、川山歌为代表的"西南高原风格",以长调为特色的"北方草原风格",异域风格的新疆民歌以及高山雪原上的民歌,作者还论述了各区域民歌文化的特征及形成的地理基础。     

THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON MIGRATION AND INDUSTRY CHANGE*

ABSTRACT. Individuals’human capital investments in their regions, industries, and occupations are measured as a function of the years they spend in their current region, industry, or occupation, and these investments are shown empirically to influence migration. There is an interesting life cycle pattern to migration: it falls rapidly with new investments, but then resurfaces as an opportunity to renew investments and increase the growth rate of income. Income regressions substantiate the life cycle path of income growth implied by the migration model.     

殷都安阳兴衰的地理因素探析

殷都安阳的兴起和发展与安阳一带相对优越的自然环境和农业、交通、人口、历史文化基础等地理因素有着较为密切的关系。商晚期以后,安阳的衰落与安阳一带的自然环境趋于恶化,政治中心转移,经济衰退及军事防守方面的缺陷和漕运不便等地理因素有关。     

GEOGRAPHICAL CYCLES IN THE CIRCULATION OF MATTER

Natural scientists have long studied the circulation of matter within nature, and geographers have long investigated the exchange of matter between nature and man in the process of economic production. The time is now at hand to develop an overall theory of geographic cycles that would encompass the circulation of matter both within the natural environment and in the process of human activities. The author suggests an array of geographic cycles that appear to operate in the man-environment system, and shows how the identification and study of such cycles might provide a new focus for the organization of geography as a science, for geographic research and for its practical application.     

中国人口迁移特征及其影响因素——基于第六次人口普查数据的分析

利用2010年第六次人口普查数据,对我国人口迁移的特征及其影响因素进行研究。首先分析了包括年龄、性别、受教育程度和职业分布等在内的迁移人群的社会经济特征,继而从迁移原因、迁移人口的城乡分布、迁移时间、迁移类型与属性的交叉分析等方面探讨了人口迁移的类型学特征。引入就业可达性概念,分析了人口迁移率的空间格局、就业可达性与人口迁移率的空间匹配关系以及人口迁移流的空间格局,发现通过就业可达性格局可以很好地解释人口迁移率的分布。最后,采取多元线性回归技术研究了人口迁移的影响因素,结果表明,迁入地城镇居民收入与迁移率呈正相关关系,而迁出地城镇收入、迁入地的科技文化水平、迁移距离和迁入地农村收入则与迁移率呈负相关关系。     

ECONOMIC REGION NET MIGRATION PATTERNS IN THE USSR: 1979-89

This article investigates economic region net migration patterns in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period. Net in-migration and net migration rate increases (compared to 1970-79) occurred in both the western and eastern portions of the Northern USSR region, while net out-migration and rate declines occurred throughout the Southern USSR. Net in-migration again occurred to Siberia, especially Tyumen' Oblast, and there was a reduced rate of net out-migration from the Nonchernozem Zone and Central Chernozem Region of European RSFSR.     

THE SHAPES OF MOSCOW OBLAST CITIES

An analysis of the shapes of cities in the Moscow region finds that the linear, elongated form tends to predominate over the compact. City layout often derives from the arrangement of the axes of development. In many Moscow Oblast cities, these axes are the transport corridors radiating out of Moscow, and the corridors, often made up of parallel railroad, highway and river, account for the pronounced elongation of city shapes. From a historical perspective, linearity developed mainly in the last 50 to 60 years as new industrial plants and housing developments sprang up along the transport corridors. The author cautions against unhindered development of linearity since it may ultimately produce continuously urbanized belts along the major transport corridors radiating out of Moscow. Such a development is viewed as undesirable from the standpoint of regional planning because it would obliterate recreational facilities, which are now situated mainly along these transport routes.     

NEW APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF POPULATION DYNAMICS IN CITIES OF MOSCOW OBLAST

Quantitative analysis of historical trends in city growth rates within Moscow Oblast (1926-1984) reveals two major components or city types: a group of cities with below-(oblast) average rates for each of five periods of analysis (1926-39, 1939-59, 1959-70, 1970-79, 1979-84) and a second category experiencing above-average growth until 1970, with subsequent reduction of rates below the oblast average. Further breakdown of the two major components reveals seven smaller groups, analysis of the spatial patterns of which can provide a basis for planning recommendations on the future development of the region (translated by H. L. Haslett, Birmingham, UK).