Determination of an Optimal Location for an Iron and Steel Plant Based on Iron Ore of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly

A locational study of the Iron-Steel Design Institute is criticized on the ground that it selected potential plant sites intuitively and then examined them in terms of proximity to iron ore, water availability and minimal transport requirements. An alternative methodology is proposed. The general region for the new plant is first established on the bases of the interregional balance of iron and steel products. The Central European region is found to have a deficit in the entire product range. A more specific location is then derived by calculating potential transport costs with respect to both markets and sources of raw materials (iron ore, coke). The Rzhev area of Kalinin Oblast is found to be optimal in terms of transport costs alone. But when water and, particularly, labor resources are considered, preference shifts in favor of a plant location in the Gor'kiy-Kostroma area.     

Energetic electron precipitation at the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly: a review

This paper reviews the status of knowledge concerning energetic electron precipitation at the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA). The main purpose is to place recent results in the context of the long-standing problems about energetic electron precipitation at the SAMA region. A synopsis of results achieved in the last two decades, in relation to the various physical mechanisms responsible for precipitating energetic electrons, are also presented. The major uncertainties in the understanding of the energetic electron precipitation at the SAMA include: (1) temporal and spatial precipitation changes from magnetically quiet to disturbed periods; (2) the role of wave-induced precipitation processes.     

Middle atmospheric electrodynamic modification by particle precipitation at the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly

Evidence for a localized middle atmospheric electrodynamic modification at low latitudes (southern Brazilian coast) of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA), in association with enhanced geomagnetic activity, are presented in a unified way combining recent observational efforts and related numerical studies. They involve a distortion effect in the fair weather electric field at balloon altitudes. This effect is attributed to a local intensification of energetic electron precipitation through a related middle atmospheric ionization enhancement and is elucidated by numeric simulation. From the electric field measurements and the numeric simulation, the intensification of precipitation is considered to occur in fairly narrow regions at the observed low L values (around L = 1.13) of the SAMA, with horizontal extensions of the order of a few hundred kilometers. A physical mechanism that could be responsible for this sort of intensification is suggested. Furthermore, a comparison of the phenomenon of middle atmospheric electrodynamic modification at the SAMA with a similar one at auroral latitudes, in response to enhanced solar and geomagnetic activity, is also given.     

于阗的地神图像及其流变

于阗是著名的西域古国,汉唐时期佛教及其艺术在其地兴盛一时。本文主要围绕一百余年来在新疆和田地区发现的多件地神图像,结合文献,探讨了此类图像的外在形式、文献依据及其所反映的思想内涵。作者认为,于阗佛寺的地神图像是据《金光明经·坚牢地神品》绘制,它影响了龟兹和敦煌佛教绘画的王族供养人画像,反映了出身为世俗人的王族供养人试图藉此神化自我,宣扬王权天授的思想。     

世界农业制度的历史变迁与功效

本文研究人类上万年历史中的农业制度变迁,分析这一变迁对人类社会的影响.作者认为,世界人口在本世纪中叶将达90亿人,从现在起不断提高农业生产力水平与粮食产量是应对世界人口增长的当务之急.进化主义生物学家贾热德·戴蒙德认为农业的发明为人类社会带来了过大的负面结果,是人类史上最大的失误.作者对此进行了反驳,并指出,不仅历史上的农业发明和农业革命导致了人类社会的重大发展,并且20世纪以遗传学和基因技术为基础的农业发展将是人类解决自身生存困境的最佳和惟一的选择.     

美国基督教锡安主义的发展及影响

美国基督教锡安主义是影响美、以关系和中东局势的一个重要因素。美国基督教主流一自由派主要出于世俗的、人道主义的考虑而支持或反对锡安主义,美国基督教福音一基要派则主要出于“神定时代论”的末世信仰而支持锡安主义和以色列。美国基督教锡安主义是美国长期偏袒以色列的社会文化基础。其宗教极端主义的成分加剧了中东的文明冲突,阻碍了中东的和平进程。     

青海省情与青海发展

党的十七大提出全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标,标志着中国社会进入科学发展的新阶段。在科学发展观指导下,如何坚持解放思想、实事求是,着力破除新式教条主义(不顾国情和省情的超高速发展)的束缚,准确认识和把握基本省情,进行科学的发展战略定位,是确立适宜本地区发展战略和发展目标的关键所在。     

陇西牡丹之特色及产业开发

牡丹因其姿态雍容、色彩富丽、气味清香而被誉为“花中之王”。人们只知洛阳、菏泽、彭城牡丹之盛名,却不知道西北亦有牡丹王国的一支奇葩——陇西牡丹。陇西牡丹,历史悠久,品类繁多。本文运用文献史料,对陇西牡丹产业的发展与开发进行论述和考证。     

Magnetic field of the magnetospheric ring current and its dynamics during magnetic storms

This review examines models existing in the literature which describe the magnetic field produced by the ring current (DR) at the Earth's surface based on the energy balance equation. The parameters of this equation, the injection function F and decay parameter τ are considered to depend on parameters of the interplanetary medium and the DR intensity. The existing models are shown to be able to describe the DR variations with sufficient accuracy (r.m.s. deviation δ between the experimental and modelled values of DR for 170 magnetic storms is 5 < δ < 15 nT and the correlation coefficient between the two is 0.85 <r<1). The models describe that part of the geomagnetic field variation at low latitudes during a magnetic storm that is controlled by the geoeffective characteristics of the interplanetary medium and which thus responds immediately to its variations (the driven part).The values of τ are significantly less during the main phase of a magnetic storm than during the recovery phase. This reflects the difference in the main mechanisms of ion loss from the ring current during the two phases of the storm. These are the interaction of ions with hydromagnetic waves during the main phase of the storm with its intervals of intense plasma injection into the inner magnetosphere and charge exchange with the cold hydrogen geocorona during the recovery phase.     

族群认同、族群认同的发展及测定与研究方法

认同研究是社会心理学研究的一个重要领域,近十多年来,社会心理学家把社会认同理论运用于少数民族心理学研究,取得了一系列的研究成果。族群认同涉及到民族心理学研究的方方面面,成为民族心理学研究的核心问题。族群关系,族群文化适应,族群之间的偏见、歧视和冲突,都与族群认同的发展有关。本文综述西方学者近年来对族群认同、族群认同发展、族群认同测定等方面的研究在理论和方法上的新进展,旨在对我国的民族心理学研究提供某种借鉴。     

历史时期河西走廊农业开发及其对生态环境的影响

通过查阅历史文献和实地考察,对历史时期河西走廊农业开发及其对生态环境的 影响进行了研究。重点分析了历史时间由于对河西地区不合理的开垦、利用以及对森林的滥伐,造 成当地土壤沙漠化的严重后果。为了汲取这一历史教训,在当今大西北开发中,应遵循河西地区生 态环境的自然规律,有效地保护生态环境。     

The Magnetic Field Model Applied to Swedish Settlements

To study the reason for changes in the population of urban settlements and sparsely populated districts we need an approach on a regional geographic level that will combine various theoretical elements and which, taken together, will provide an interdisciplinary platform. The identity of a place is created by specific local factors as well as by social and economic processes occurring both in the place itself and in the urban system. We can use indications showing how local and regional urban systems function in order to ascertain why one urban settlement grows while another stagnates, why a sparsely populated district in one region flourishes while other districts languish. Using the decision-making point of view adopted by households and businesses will help us to achieve our aim.
The starting point of the model employed—called the magnetic field model—is the fact that an attraction field of positive factors forms in and around places with a growing population. The aim of this paper is to show that a regional geographic analysis can be made from a number of indicators of significance for the development of populations in urban settlements and sparsely populated districts. Naturally these indicators can—and should—be queried, added to and assessed when other, similar investigations are carried out.     

The Informal Financial Sector in Bangladesh: An Appraisal of its Role in Development

Informal financial markets in developing countries, and their role in the development process itself, form a relatively neglected area when it comes to research and policy planning. It seems, however, that this may be due to inaccurate perceptions of the value and effectiveness of this sector, and of its relationship to formal sector financial institutions. This paper uses data from an extensive research project on informal financial markets in Bangladesh to examine the size of the informal market, its relationship to the formal financial sector and the part it plays in the process of development. The paper concludes that, in all these aspects, the informal financial markets are more important, more efficient and more equitable than is generally supposed.     

The Car and its Artists

Abstract

Since the beginning of the carrage, coincident with the fin du siècle, car art has been as much in flux and reflux as the car's technology itself. Many eminent painters have at least flirted with automobile matters, great impressionists as well as modern pop artists, and between them, say from 1910 to 1960, there existed the golden age of the great illustrators and poster men. Each one of these has left us a different image of what the car meant to him and thi review attempt to project some of these images. It must be more than coincidence that the first and the last illustrations here show a car as an objet d'art.     

情系河湟沃土耕耘书画天地——浅谈海东地区书画事业的现状与发展

海东地区位于我国黄土高原向青藏高原过渡相衔地带的河湟谷地,土地肥沃,山川壮美,具有悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。在这块可爱的土地上,孕育出了许多文人墨客,他们用勤劳的双手为青海高原的社会经济和民族文化作出了无私的贡献。     

新疆沙漠旅游及其开发研究

近几年来,旅游业一个较为显著的趋势是旅游者对产品中参与性活动的要求增加,沙漠旅游这一新兴的参与度极高的旅游产品越来越受到人们的关注。本文相关文献收集整理的基础上,对目前沙漠旅游的内涵、分类等进行了系统综述,分析了新疆沙漠旅游的条件与机遇以及目前新疆沙漠旅游的开发现状,以期能对实践起到一定的指导作用。