地理学史几个问题的探讨

本文论述地理学基本研究传统与地理学现代化进程的关系;从历史的角度,审视地理学发展迟缓的原因;认为地理学改变落后状态的希望在于地理学的综合发展方向。本文着重讨论了钱学森教授有关地理综合的理论和方法。     

RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS IN AFRICA: SOME LESSONS FROM WESTERN NIGERIA

I n an analysis of regional problems within Africa, the frequent imbalance between the geographic distribution of resources and of population suggests that rural development and resettlement will play an increasingly important role in mobilizing the continent's latent resource base. With the almost universally increasing rates of population growth in Africa, pressure for redistribution of people is increasing, most of which manifests itself in accelerating rates of urbanization. But it is also apparent that developing urban areas can only effectively absorb a small proportion of maldistributed population. Therefore national planning programs are increasingly focusing upon the need to reconstruct or to reorientate the economic milieu of rural areas, as is demonstrated by increasing investment in rural development and settlement schemes.     

对人文地理学几个基本问题的诠释——兼论人文地理学的发展趋向

本文针对人文地理学中的时弊,澄清了对一些基本问题的认识。运用哲学的思想剖析了人文地理学的学科属性及融合性的学科发展趋势;指明了人文地理学的研究重点是区域,区域的核心是城市,示明了人文地理学对城市宏微观研究的领域;最后文章从方法论角度详细论述了模式探求对人文地理学的价值,指出正确对待人文地理学的计量化,增强人文地理学的实用性效能。     

EARLY ROMAN TOWN DEVELOPMENT IN GALLIA BELGICA: A REVIEW of SOME PROBLEMS

Summary: The conventional Claudian date for urban development in Gallia Belgica should be re-examined in the light of earlier occupation at some towns. Equally early were the rural sanctuaries, systematically developed as centres for the rural population. Monumental complexes such as the 'double-forum'may have evolved in the sanctuaries earlier than in the towns and possibly influenced the planning of the latter. Whilst the sanctuaries grew steadily throughout the first century, public building in the towns seem to have slowed down during its second half. A factor here may have been the enormous early development of the villas, especially in the Somme basin, diverting resources from urban building. the sanctuaries, more relevant to the rural population, were perhaps less affected.     

ON UNDERESTIMATION OF THE CLIMATIC FACTOR IN GEOMORPHOLOGY

A plea for greater consideration of the climatic factor in Soviet geomorphology, which, in the view of the dean of Moscow University geomorphologists, tends to place undue emphasis on the engodenic factors of relief formation. The author would not go so far as to favor a separate climatically oriented discipline in geomorphology, but he urges greater emphasis on the climatic factor in the training of geomorphologists in the Soviet Union. The author cites examples of recent Soviet work in which the climatic factor was neglected and an example in which it was properly considered.