珠穆朗玛峰——世界巅峰第三极

正在漫长的岁月中,人类对自己生存的空间产生过各种遐想。大地有尽头吗?它是方的还是圆的?为什么日、月、星辰总是东升西落?为什么会有四季变化等等。从1492年,哥伦布首航发现美洲大陆开始,人类进入了地球地理发现的时代,这个阶段持续了400年。到20世纪初期,地球上的所有地方都被绘制在地图上,其中有3个地点虽然被人所知,但没有人去过。它们就是被称为极地的"北极""南极"和地球上的最高点——珠穆朗玛峰(以下简称珠峰)。     

The Water Balance and its Zonal Characteristics

The structure of the water-balance is found to have zonal characteristics corresponding to the major natural geographic zones (tundra, forest, steppe). Data on evapotranspiration and groundwater runoff plotted as a function of soil moisture show a distinct zonal pattern of the water-balance structure. This pattern is most clearly evident in the groundwater runoff coefficient, which reflects the share of soil moisture that percolates downward to replenish the groundwater reserves.     

行止第三极

“西藏,一块孤独的石头坐满整个天空,没有任何夜晚能使我沉睡。”每次读海子的《西藏》,总能感受到西藏遗世独立的纯净,却充满让人热血沸腾的力量。在众多热爱户外的人心中,西藏正是这样一个魂牵梦萦之地。他们说,“西藏是最好的户外天堂”,不单单因为它的高远纯净,还因为它能够唤起本能的热情。     

论冷战的历史根源

1990年11月,美国总统布什在巴黎正式宣布冷战结束。而关于冷战的讨论并没有随之完结,事实上,只有当人们从长达近半个世纪的冷战梦魇中醒来之时,才有可能将其作为一个完整的历史过程,进行全面系统的考察,重新认识其历史全貌,并对其作出恰如其分的历史定位。本文就冷战的历史根源问题谈一些新的认识。     

Pole to Pole. Archaeology and Adaptation in the Middle Pleistocene at Opposite Ends of the Acheulean World

The concept of cultural evolution in the Acheulean is linked to a number of important anatomical, phylogenetic, adaptive, cultural and cognitive research questions. Yet there are very few studies which are able to demonstrate advancements in material culture (technological and/or conceptual) supported by large bodies of empirical data. Derek Roe's work at Olduvai Gorge is one of the few exceptions and here, in my opinion, raw material considerations affect the evidence of increasing diachronic sophistication (Leakey and Roe 1994). Otherwise, evidence for such material culture evolution is largely anecdotal. This study takes large bodies of handaxe data from South Africa and Britain, and using dated assemblages, wherever possible, explores the idea of hominins paying increasing attention to shape and morphological regularity (not symmetry) over time. The results give no reason to believe such a diachronic trend exists. These data are set against the latest research in chronostratigraphic studies and hominin taxonomy.     

《千字文》里探乾坤——古籍普查里的天地

本文以《易》解《千字文》,把《千字文》分为两部分,揭示了原文作者谋篇布局时法《易经·乾》卦之理,据典索字,以字表经,以使既定千字杂而不乱、缀而成文的良苦用心,对于深入挖掘《千字文》中蕴涵的哲学思想,发扬其作为蒙训国学教材的价值具有重要意义。     

中国文字载体的演变历程

中国字载体从最原始的竹木等发展到图书、报纸、杂志、电子献、音像资料和网络献等门类,纸的发明和现代网络献标志着人类信息载体与知识传播的重大飞跃。     

关于冷战问题研究的几点思考

二次世界大战改变了由欧洲人支配世界近5个世纪的国际关系格局。二战时的同盟美国和苏联,战后不久便分道扬镳。形成各自的政治军事集团。在政治、军事、经济以及思想意识形态方面进行全面对抗。欧洲成为东西方冲突的焦点．是两极格局形成的标志。由于双方大搞军备竞赛,导致“冷战”在全球范围内展开。对冷战研究,西方学术界存在着不同看法,在美国有所谓“正统派”和“修正派”的学术之争,他们在冷战问题上的分歧,主要体现在政治意识形态方面。他们的观点,为研究冷战提供不同的视野。     

The Cultural Cold War

Book reviewed:
Hugh Wilford. The CIA, the British Left and the Cold War: Calling the Tune? London, Portland, OR: Frank Cass Publishers, 2003. xvi + 328 pp. Illustrations, index. $115.00 (cloth).     

The Old Cold War

James McAllister . No Exit: America and the German Problem , 1943 – 1954 . Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press , 2002 . vii+264 . Index and bibliography. $ .