土族民间文学中的人与自然

土族民间文学由于植根于传统文化的丰沃土壤中,所以具有独特的风格和鲜明的个性。在青海早期,由于文人文化的不发达,土族文学的主要领域是在民间,即表现为民间文学。浪漫主义手法一直是民间文学的主要创作手法,无论是神话传说、民间故事,还是英雄史诗等,处处体现了一种激荡浪漫     

Sexual Selection,Automata and Ethics in George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss and Olive Schreiner's Undine and From Man to Man

Abstract

This paper brings together two related areas of debate in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The first concerns how the courtship plot of the nineteenth-century novel responded to, and helped to shape, scientific ideas of sexual competition and selection. In The Mill on the Floss (1860), George Eliot strikingly prefigures Darwin's later work on sexual selection, drawing from her own extensive knowledge of the wider debates within which evolutionary theory developed. Maggie Tulliver's characterisation allows Eliot to explore the ethical complexities raised by an increasingly powerful scientific naturalism, where biology is seen to be embedded within morality in newly specific ways. The second strand of the paper examines the extension of scientific method to human mind and motivation which constituted the new psychology. It argues that there are crucial continuities of long-established ethical and religious ideas within this increasingly naturalistic view of human mind and motivation. The contention that such ideas persist and are transformed, rather than simply jettisoned, is illustrated through the example of Thomas Henry Huxley's 1874 essay on automata. Turning finally to focus on Olive Schreiner's Undine (1929) and From Man to Man (1926), the paper explores the importance of these persistent ethical and religious ideas in two novels which remained unpublished during her lifetime. It argues that they produce both difficulty and opportunity for imagining love plots within the context of increasingly assertive biological and naturalistic accounts of human beings.     

The Professional Ethos of Rangers in Russian Nature Reserves

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of Russian nature reserves, which are now changing their form and status as all organizations have done since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author is mostly concerned with the study of the professional ethos of the ranger. The similarity of the rangers’ ethos is determined by their common experience of work in the forest. The variability is explained by the difference in the environments of nature reserves, such as the proximity of a city or state border. The attempt to integrate this study in the corpus of works about social effects of nature reserves is made in the conclusion.     

从骆谷道到佛坪厅——秦岭深处的天与人

秦岭山高谷深阻碍南北交通,古人为穿越茫茫秦岭,开拓了多条道路。环太白山南麓的骆谷道即以南山捷径、险象环生而闻名。随着人类活动范围的扩大、林木采伐区域的推进,自明中后期,骆谷道已衍生出多条路径,依山就食者众多。清乾隆中后期,流民涌入南山老林,以刀耕火种、砍伐林木维生。清廷于此地设立佛坪厅,将厅城建在骆谷道中段之佛爷坪,以发挥安抚流民、剿灭匪患、控制要道、稳定边防的作用。但资源消耗型的生产、生活方式,对自然资源无尽索取,最终导致水土流失、灾害频发的生态危局,佛坪迅速衰落。加之匪患频仍,在生态、生存双重危机下,最终导致县治迁移。     

西域绿洲人与自然的互动与演变——以高昌绿洲为例

吐鲁番绿洲作为天山南麓——环塔里木盆地诸绿洲为代表,在欧亚大陆间不同人类文明的交流与发展当中占有非常独特的地位。西域绿洲文明经历了从萌发到成长到成熟这三个不同的阶段,绿洲文明随人而兴,亦有可能因人而衰,要保持绿洲文明的可持续发展,人与绿洲生态环境的良性互动是解决问题的关键所在。     

George Orwell and the Palestine Question

This article discusses George Orwell’s attitude to Zionism and the Palestine question, a controversial and emotional subject in left-wing circles in his time and since. There have been a number of studies on Orwell’s attitude to Jews and anti-Semitism and some of these have touched upon Orwell’s approach to Zionism. However, his stance on the Palestine question specifically deserves further exposition. This is so, not least because on this subject too Orwell’s views—largely anti-Zionist—differed from the prevailing, passionate beliefs of most left-wing intellectuals of his time, including some of his closest friends and political allies. Furthermore, Orwell’s views were expressed at a time when the Palestine conflict peaked during the last decade of the British Mandate with results which resound to this day.     

George Thomson and the Dialectics of Hellenism

Abstract

When I think of G. Thomson one question which immediately springs to mind is: why was he, and why is he still, so popular in Greece, a country he visited only four or five times? Was it his scholarly work, his Marxist beliefs or his emphasis on the continuity of Greek culture that bestowed on him respect and acclaim among Greeks? It seems to me that it was a combination of all these three factors which resulted in the fact that Thomson is one of the few classical scholars whose major studies have been translated into Greek and enjoyed wide publicity. He is now considered in Greece not only an exception among classicists but an exception among those who have studied the historical development of Greek culture and vehemently stressed its continuity. Despite the fact that his views were largely ignored during the debate of the 1960s and early 70s concerning the question of continuity, and which centred around Byzantium, Thomson's views on the subject must seriously be taken into account.     

The doubling of the self in the private diaries of Ion Dragoumis,George Seferis and George Theotokas

Abstract

The 'doubling of the self' is a phenomenon that appears in entries of private diaries and consists in the division of the diarist's self into two: the self that acts and the self that observes and writes. This phenomenon can be found in Dragoumis' ?υλλα ημ?ρολογιου, Seferis' M?ρ?ζ and Theotokas' T?τραδια ημ?ρολογιου. There are entries where the doubling of the self occurs in practice and entries where it is described, discussed or analysed. All these reveal the three Greek diarists' contradictory feelings about the doubling of the self, but also the latter's significance for the private diary.     

Ambassador George Buchanan and the July Crisis

During the July Crisis, the United Kingdom was put under strong pressure from Russia and the latter's ally, France, to declare it would fight alongside them. Britain had made the entente cordiale with France in 1904 and a Convention with Russia in 1907. The British Ambassador to St. Petersburg, George Buchanan, was the key figure in diplomatic communication between Britain and Russia at this time and his performance has drawn diverse comments over the decades. Some analysts believe he genuinely sought to restrain Russia from war, but was undermined by his own government, who too easily accepted St. Petersburg must mobilise its army. But others feel Buchanan's reports of Russian mobilisation were ill-informed and unhelpful to the government in London. This article examines Buchanan's performance, arguing that he attempted to preserve peace for a time and does not deserve some of the criticisms levelled at him. Nonetheless, the preservation of the Triple Entente was a priority for him and, after about 28 July, once it became clear that European war could not be avoided, he became tardy in reporting Russia's war preparations, appearing more interested in defending his hosts’ behaviour than in providing an accurate analysis of events.     

高山仰止——写在王养冲先生100岁诞辰

2006年的金秋十月将迎来王养冲先生的100岁华诞!我们向王先生表示最诚挚的祝贺、最美好的祝福和最深切的敬意。     

定窑考古发现与研究成果综述

定窑是中国古代最具代表性的白瓷窑场之一,在中国古代陶瓷发展史上占有举足轻重的地位。定窑有着丰富的文献记载和大量传世品,是古陶瓷研究中成果最为丰硕的窑场之一。随着近代考古学的兴起,湮没已久的定窑窑场于1922年被重新发现,经过百年来的考古调查与发掘,以及逐渐丰富的考古学研究,定窑研究正在向更为广阔和深入的方向发展。     

老人与鹤

正内蒙古扎鲁特草原的生态危机,致使原本生活于此的动物们食物短缺,无家可归。为了生存,野生动物不得不放弃原野所赋予的自由,寻求人类所给予的最后保护。《老人与鹤》这组图片,记录了2016年蒙古族老人舍楞喂养两只小蓑羽鹤并放飞的生活片断。这个故事,只是草原兴衰变化过程中的一个插曲:有人性光辉的高音,有弱小生命无助的低音,有涓涓如细流的节奏,还有让人欲说还休的休止符。     

On the State of Man

Abstract

Until recently increasing agricultural productivity was able to supply the world's increasing population. Now the appearance of adverse trends suggests that social and political problems will outdistance technical solutions. Explosive cost increases of energy, of fertilizers and of non-fuel minerals, as well as the possibility of adverse climatic changes and the continuing threat of political instability constitute real dangers. Paramount is the uncontrolled growth of world population, especially in South Asia, which poses the ultimate question: can the populations of these countries be saved under any circumstances, or must Nature be allowed to take its course? The quality of life for our descendants will be determined by how many of them there will be.