抗战时期浙江省的人口迁移与地域分布

抗战时期浙江省的人口迁移总数约有 5 0 0万人 ,其迁移情况极为复杂。其中 2 0 0余万人迁至省外 ,主要分布于闽、赣、皖、沪和华中、西南各省。大部分移民是在省内迁移。战时浙省移民迁移持续时间较短 ,最终转化为移民的只是少数。由于种种原因 ,战争期间即有部分移民回迁。战争结束后 ,绝大部分移民均回迁原住地。难民迁移的最根本最内在的动力来自经济和政治因素 ,尤其是经济因素     

Commuting, Migration, and Rural-Urban Population Dynamics

Over the past 25 years social scientists attempting to explain the dramatic changes in the relative distribution of urban and rural population growth have gravitated toward two competing explanations. The regional restructuring hypothesis holds that changes in the spatial distribution of employment opportunities have been dominant whereas the deconcentration hypothesis attributes these changes to changes in residential preferences of workers and consumers. We develop an empirical test of these two explanations based on whether commuting and migration are positively or negatively related after controlling for other economic factors. Our econometric results support the deconcentration hypothesis.     

明清时期陕西境内的人口迁移

时清时期是我国历史上人口迁移极其频繁的时代。本文主要探讨明清两代今陕西省境内的人口迁移过程,包括人口迁移的原因、形式、迁移数量、外来移民的地区分布等。在此基础上,本文还分析总结了外来移民对迁入地区的人口分布、经济开发、自然环境等方面的影响。本文认为,由于外来移民的大量迁入,明清时期陕南许多山区得到广泛开垦,耕地面积大为增加,土地开发利用程度超过历史上任何时期,客观上促进了各有关迁入区经济的发展。但由于大肆毁林开荒,盲目扩大耕地面积,致使陕南山区自然环境遭到严重破坏,自然灾害频频发生,从而制约当地经济的持续发展。这一教训我们应引以为诫。     

Prospects of Population Migration in the USSR

The author offers a methodology for estimating inter-regional population flows in the USSR for the next quarter of a century. The method is based on expected regional manpower needs related to a model of the future distribution of production. Corrections are made for expected regional differences in the need for live labor [depending on the level of mechanization], in rates of natural increase and in the degree of mobility of the population of certain regions.     

The Effect of Job Advertising Policies on Interregional Labor Migration

A simulation model of a multiregional labor migration process is developed. Information about employment conditions in alternative regions is transmitted in a combination of three channels. The adopted emission policies directly control the amount of information available to potential migrants which, in turn, determines the potential migrant's perception of the level of welfare in the other regions. The effect of several different advertising policies on migration streams is examined. Employers can pursue a number of policies designed to maximize their return. Other agencies adopt policies that facilitate the matching process between unemployed workers and vacant jobs. Results are presented for a number of simulation experiments.     

The Planning of the Distribution of Production in Population Centers and Some Problems in Population Geography

A government official outlines some of the Soviet problems of settlement to which answers are expected from population geographers. They include: restrictions on excessive growth of large cities; promotion of industrial plant location in small and medium-size cities suffering from underemployment; prediction of ultimate population of large cities; determination of the optimal size and type of rural population centers. Population geographers are called upon to study large cities with a view to determining where further concentration of industry should be prohibited, and to select small cities suitable for plant location.     

论转型期英国人口迁移模式的变化

转型期英国人口迁移以17世纪中叶为界先后形成了生计型迁移和改善型迁移两种模式。17世纪中叶以前,随着人口快速增长而出现乡村人口过剩,许多人为生计所迫,在原住地推力和城市拉力的双重作用下形成了生计型迁移模式。这一时期人口迁移具有相当的盲目性和不确定性。17世纪中叶以后,人口增长减速,经济地理布局日趋均衡,城市拉力作用减弱,人口迁移走向地方化和有序化,从而形成了改善型迁移模式。转型期英国人口迁移模式的变化深刻影响到向近代社会转型的历史进程。     

中国近代工业地理分布、变化及其影响

鸦片战争后,中国社会经济发生剧烈变动。工业（包括手工业）的地理分布及其变化,是其中的一个重要方面。它大致经历了1840－1894、1895—1913、1914－1936、1937－1949年四个阶段的发展演变。其间,中国近代工业虽然从无到有,但受历史条件的制约,其发展速度和规模都很有限,其地域分布也始终没有突破偏于沿海沿江地带的基本格局,这种状况限制了其社会影响,有碍中西部地区的经济开发和工业发展。     

The Distribution of Population and Related Indicators in Long-Term Planning of Passenger Traffic

A methodology in described to forecast the “passenger intensity” of population centers and economic regions or subregions, expressed as the ratio of passenger departures to total population. Intra-regional passenger intensity in found to be closely related to income levels and to availability of a transport net. A greater complexity of factors dictates the passenger-forming role of economic regions in inter-regional traffic.     

中国古代荔枝的地理分布及其贡地变迁

中国有三大荔枝分布区:岭南、四川和福建。荔枝原产于岭南地区,从汉代起便成为南方地区特色果贡之一,直至清末。笔者在全面考查相关文献资料的基础上,探讨了三大荔枝分布区的形成,着重研究了荔枝种植及进贡的历史地理变迁。栽培荔枝约于汉初传入四川、隋以前传入福建;进贡则呈现出隋唐以前贡在岭南、唐宋贡在四川、元明清贡在福建的现象。通过分析得知导致荔枝种植区发生变化的主要原因是气候和人为原因(正反两种作用),荔枝贡地选择则随着政治形势的动态变化而变化。     

辽宁省朝鲜族人口变化研究

朝鲜族是辽宁省主要的少数民族之一,据2000年第五次全国人口普查资料统计,辽宁朝鲜族人口为241052人,与“四普”相比,朝鲜族人口接近零增长,在1999年11月1日到2000年10月31日期间,朝鲜族死亡人口为1303人,出生人口为155人,死亡人口远远高于出生人口。面对辽宁省朝鲜族人口的现状,分析其成因和社会影响,及早采取措施,使朝鲜族人口纳入健康发展的轨道,对朝鲜族自身的发展具有重要的实际意义。     

Demographic Modeling of the Geography of Migration and Population: A Multiregional Perspective

This article focuses on the development and evolution of migration and population redistribution modeling within the spatial context of multiregional demography. It begins in 1965, when the state-of-the-art consisted largely of ideas and techniques imported from other disciplines (regression analysis, gravity models, Markov chains, and matrix cohort-survival population projection models) and then continues on to tell the story of multiregional demography, its evolution and emergence as a fully developed paradigm for studying the spatial dynamics of migration and population redistribution and, more recently, its approach for estimating the necessary migration input measures from inadequate data.     

古代湖北人口发展的空间过程

从秦代到清代,湖北人口由鄂西北向鄂东转移。隋朝是一个转折点。隋朝以前鄂西北地区占主导地位,后一阶段鄂东区占主导地位。     

南朝经学家分布与文化变迁

南朝时期,南方文化持续发展,经学家人数不断增长,形成了建康吴会地区、寻阳豫章地区和江陵长沙地区三个经学中心。这三个经学中心的形成,与那个时期的移民浪潮、南朝特殊的政治形势以及经济发展密切相关。南朝儒学以此三个中心为基础,继续向西向南迁播,从而引起了南方儒学传入地区的文化变迁。     

秦汉以来中国亚洲象的分布与变迁

秦汉以来,我国野生亚洲象主要分布在南岭以南的广东、广西两省和福建省的东南角,以及云南省的南部和西部的部分地区。明清时期,其数量和分布区迅速缩小,这与人类的捕杀和栖息地的破坏关系甚大,其中的农业开发、砍伐森林所导致的栖息地破坏是根本原因。     

Regional Distribution of the Muslim Population of Russia

Drawing on the results of the 2002 population census in Russia, an American geographer examines the size and spatial distribution of ethnic groups classified as Muslim. Methods of classification and issues with enumerating the Muslim population and changes since the 1989 census are described and analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the implications of such a large and territorially concentrated Muslim population under conditions in the post- Soviet era. Demographic, social, and economic differences between Muslims and the rest of the population of Russia are examined. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I00, J10, O18. 2 figures, 6 tables, 53 references.