Rural Village Organizations and Their Services （Ⅱ）

In the Tibet Autonomous Region,80 percent of residents are still living in rural pasturage areas.In addition to accomplishing the tasks assigned by upper level governments, village organizations can also offer flexible and effective public services.     

Power of Religion in Rural Areas and Its Public Service （Ⅱ） ——An Analysis of Cases in Five Villages

In rural areas in Tibet where religion believers occupy a very high proportion of the population, religious service can also be included into the scope of public services, because it is not only related to local social stability, but also bound up with the quality of life (such as a sense of happiness and the perceived meaning of life) in the view of local people. Investigation in five villages shows how in the rural areas in Tibet, various religious authorities provide such services.     

Rural Village Organizations and Their Services （Ⅰ）

Statistics show about 80 percent of the people in the Tibet Autonomous Region live in the rural and pastoral areas. This points up the need for further improvement of village organizations and their public services.Evolution of Village OrganizationsIn 1959, before the Democratic Reform, the Zong (corresponding to County) was the lowest government level. Villages were under the management of the heads of manors, aristocrats or monasteries.In general, manor masters were hered-     

Founding of the TAR As I Recorded

In the early spring of 1965, the Nationalities Pictorial Press learned from the Central People＇s Government representative in Tibet, Zhang Jingwu, that a picture album was to be published to mark the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and Chairman Mao Zedong was invited to write its title, ＂Collected Paintings on the Tibet Autonomous Region＂. The press sent Zhang Guanrong, Zhaxi Nyima and I to Tibet for gathering the pictures and for interviews.     

HIP-HOP DAN CERS--IN THE B ARIKHOR STREET

<正>In comparison with my first visit to Lhasa,the transportation situation is now much improved.Taxies, rickshaws,buses and other means of public transport are ...     

History Composed of GRATIFYING CHANGES

In 1903, when the British forced the Tibetans to trade withthem, Tibetan merchants in Pagri and Chomo purchased candles in India for sale in Lhasa. Seeing sticks that could burnand give a light brighter than traditional butter lamps, the people of Lhasa developed an interest in them. Before long, candles sold like hot cakes and keeping candles became fashionable in the city. In the ensuing decades, the people beganusing more advanced illumination, such as gasoline lamps.In 1913, the 13th D…     

The Historical Story of Fighting British Invaders At Zong Hill

Around the beginning of the17th century the Britishestablished in India thesupreme headquarters of itsaggression in the east-the East IndiaCompany.In the late 18th century,theybegan their aggression by means of"doing missionary work","traveling forpleasure", and "seeking trade relations",and started invading Tibet. In 1888, they launched the first waragainst China in Tibet, culminating in theBattle of Lhuntu Mountain. In July 1903, the British launched asecond invasion of Tibet. This time, they     

How Did the Ming Dynasty Rule Tibet？

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644). In the autumn of the same year, Ming forces took over Dadu, capital of the Yuan Dynasty. All places of China including the Tibetan-inhabited areas outside Tibet pledged loyalty to the new dynasty.     

Why I Organized the “Mutual Aid Team” amongst Our Poor People？

Tsering Lhamo,a Tibetan woman,was born in Luntse County of the Tibet Autonomous Region（TAR）.She joined the Communist Party of China in 1960,and was the on-going party secretary of a town in Nedong County.She led eleven households of Nangsan（serfs） in 1961 to form a mutual support team for agricultural production and achieved a rise in local production.Later,the labour committee of the Tibetan branch of the Communist Party cited her as the＂model for thousands of liberated serfs＂.In 1977,under her leadership and with the efforts exerted by local members of the commune,     

MINISTER ON BUIL DING OF THE QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY——AN INTERVIEW WITH RAILWAY VICE-MINISTER SUN YONGFU

Editor＇s Note：Sun Yongfu is now vice-minister of railways. In 1962, when he graduated from the Department of Bridges and Tunnels of the Changsha Railway Institute of Hunan Province, he was assigned to work in the Zhengzhou Railway Bureau. In a survey of the bearing capacity of railway bridges, he examined bridges one by one from Zhengzhou in Henan Province to Wuhan in Hubei Province. On this basis, he produced the studies that made him famous and led to his promotion as one of the senior technical personnel. In the ensuing years, he participated in construction of a number of railways, including the Sichuan-Guizhou, Guizhou- Kunming, Chengdu-Kunming and Hunan-Guizhou lines. He also participated in the China-aided construction of the railway between Tanzania and Zambia. In 1984, Sun was promoted to be vice-minister of railways and was put in charge of national planning and construction. He presided over the construction of some 10,000 km of trunk line, including the Beijing-Kowloon, Datong-Qinhuangdao, Nanning-Kunming and Hengyang-Guangzhou railways. In early 2001, Premier Zhu Rongji proposed Sun to be the deputy head of the leading group for the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, taking charge of the routine work. In the document Premier Zhu signed, Sun was allowed to enjoy treatment due to a minister （instead of a vice-minister）. On June 29, 2001, when the inauguration ceremony for construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was held in Lhasa,     

THE GROWING TSONYI COUNTY

<正>Tsonyi County in the northwest of Nagqu Prefecture was once known as the"life-forbidding zone"for its cold and vast.In order to develop this area,in 1976,Tsonyi Office was set up approved by the government of Tibet Autonomous Region.In 1993,Tsonyi Office was changed into Tsonyi Special District.In 2012,the State Council officially approved the establishment of Tsonyi County in Tibet Autonomous Region,which makes Tsonyi the youngest and highest county in New China.The population of Tsonyi     

Record of the Hump Route Mapping

Editor＇s Note： Hu Mingcheng, the author of this article, was born in the Hanchuan County of Hubei Province in 1917. After graduation from the National Land Survey School in 1940, he began land surveying work. In the Chinese People＇s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he took part in the cartography work of the India-China border regions involving cooperation between China and America, and was charged with surveying the difficult areas in Kham. At the beginning of 1947, he went to America for advanced studies at the US Navy Astronomical Observatory and the Coastal Survey Bureau. He came back to China in the fall of 1948. In May 1949, he joined the headquarters of the 2nd field army in Nanjing, occupying the post of deputy captain of the Survey Squadron. In October of the same year, he took part in the battle to liberate the southwest. He was transferred to the Mapping Bureau of the Military Committee as a researcher. In recent years he wrote ＂The on-the-spot record of the India-China chart mapping by China and America in the Chinese People＇s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression＂. We have chosen a part of his narrative to share with readers.     

A STUDY OF THE ORDINANCE FOR THE MORE EFFECTIVE GOVERNING OF TIBET

In 1791 or the 56th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Korgas invaded Tibet for the second time. They did killing and looted the Tashilhungpo Monastery in Xigaze. Qing General Fukang'an was sent to drive the invaders out of Tibet. InAugust the next year, the Qing troops went deep into areas where the Korgas made home, forcing them to surrender.Based on this experience, the Qing general submitted a report to the Qing court. In 1793, the Qing court released the Ordinance for the …     

DOING SOMETHING FOR THE ADVANCEMENT AND PRESERVATION OF ETHNIC CULTURES

Kunkyap Dontse was born in 1950 in Xinlong ounty of Garze Tibetan Autonomous refecture in Sichuan Province.In 1975,he graduated from the Art Department of the Central College for Nationalities.He was then sent to Bathang Normal School in Sichuan to teach.Three years later, he was transferred to work in the Education Bureau of Garze.In 1983,he was employed by the Tibetan School of Sichuan as deputy president,mainly in charge of educational affairs.In 1988,he was working for the Editing and Translation Bur...     

Stories About Highways in Tibet （Ⅳ）

Tibet‘s First International Highway The China-Nepal Highway is Tibet‘s only international highway. It extends 1,036 krn from Lhasa to Kathmandu, capital of Nepal. The Tibetan section extends 827 km. Construction of the highway lasted 10 years. Between March 1951 and October 20, 1955, the Lhasa-Xigaze Highway was constructed, bringing to an end a history of the Xigaze region possessing no proper roads. In 1955 the 90-km Xigaze-Gyangze section was constructed, being opened to traffic in October 1955. In 1956, the Lhasa-Yadong Highway was constructed, extending 547 km. In 1958, the Xigaze-Tingri Highway was completed, followed in 1960 by the Lhasa-Burang Highway.     

Tibetan History of Weather Monitoring

Modern weather monitoringbegan in Tibet at the end of the19th century.In 1894,theBritish set up a weather moni-toring station in Chunpei of Yadong,which continued to operate until August1956.In the 1940s.the Nationalist Gov-ernment’S Ministry of Communicationsset up a rainfall measuring station in     

A Precious Piece of Cultural

In 1624,P. Antonio de Andrade, a Portuguese missionary with the Indi-an Agra Society of Jesus, reached Zhaburang, capital of the GugeKingdom in Ngari via northern India. Withthe support of the Guge king, he built achurch. In 1633, the upper-class monksrevolted in collaboration with the royalfamilies of Ladakh, and overthrew the ruleof the Guge king. Missionaries wereexpelled, and Zhaburang lost its impor-tance and went into terminal decline. From the 19th century, some Western-ers i…     

A Look at Sino--Tibetan Relations through Tibetan Cold Weapons

Tibetan armament has a long history that is heavily influenced by the culture of Central Plains. An important part of the Chinese culture of armaments, they also retain their uniqueness and interrelationship. In Tibetan historical records written in the Ming Dynasty, there were detailed accounts of swords. In general, Tibetan armaments advanced substantially during the Tang Dynasty by learning from the Tang.