编写续志商业篇的几点看法

<正>我国改革开放以来,特别是建立社会主义市场经济以来,变化最大的是商品流通领域。如按首轮志书的模式去编写续志商业篇,就无法完整地反映社会主义市场经济条件下商品流通领域的全貌和特点。因此,如何编写续志商业篇,是一个值得修志工作者探讨的问题。这里,笔者围绕续志商业概念、篇目设置、记述内容、资料搜集等四个方面,谈点肤浅看法。     

中国特色社会主义经济运行机制的探索与创建

新中国成立60年来,我国经济建设围绕计划与市场这个基本问题,进行了长期的艰辛的探索。从新民主主义经济转变到社会主义计划经济,再由社会主义计划经济向社会主义市场经济过渡及社会主义市场经济体制的发展与完善,呈现出一个辩证的发展过程。坚持科学发展观,把这个更高层次的综合做好,发挥计划和市场两种手段在市场经济中的调节作用,全面保持和凸显社会主义市场经济的内涵和特征,到了非常关键的时候。综合得好,社会主义能够坚持,我国经济能够继续发展,改革开放的道路光明灿烂,中国的未来将更加辉煌。     

论中国社会主义市场经济发展的六个阶段

社会主义市场经济在中国相继经历了萌芽、受挫、恢复探索、理论形成、体制建立、完善成熟等六个发展阶段。中国共产党在1956年完成三大改造之后就开始了这一探索过程,毛泽东等第一代领导集体对社会主义市场经济的探索是中国社会主义市场经济的萌芽阶段,所取得的成果是邓小平经济理论的源头和起点;从“计划经济为主,市场调节为辅”到尝试“计划与市场内在统一”的社会主义有计划商品经济体制,再到建立适应社会主义有计划商品经济发展的、计划经济和市场调节相结合直到社会主义市场经济的经济体制和运行机制,中国共产党对社会主义市场经济的认识日益深化,我国经济体制改革在理论和实践上取得重大突破和进展。中国社会主义市场经济的发展过程,说明了市场经济是人类文明的重要成果,是经济发展不可逾越的客观规律。     

完善市场经济立法的几点思考

市场经济与传统的计划经济不同,市场在资源配置中发挥基础性作用。经济体制和运行机制的重大变革,要求有完备的法制来保障。因此,完善我国现有的法律、法规并加快社会主义市场经济立法工作乃当务之急。     

谈续志商业内容的编纂

作者分析了河南省 7个县市区的续志篇目 ,认为这些篇目在有关商业内容的设置上存在一些问题。在市场经济条件下 ,流通领域变化很大 ,续志商业不能再按首届志书的模式去写 ,而应认真了解社会主义市场经济条件下流通领域的特点 ,研究商品市场。抓住现代商业的特点 ,围绕其构成要素———交换的商品、交易的人、交易的场所来反映现代市场的全貌 ,是续志写商业的入手点。续志商业内容的定名也不宜再用“商业” ,可称“商业贸易”或“商业市场”。     

从社会主义商品生产到社会主义市场经济的理论发展轨迹

在新中国历史发展的不同阶段上,毛泽东、陈云和邓小平对计划和市场的理论与实践进行了不断的探索和创新,20世纪50年代末60年代初毛泽东关于社会主义商品生产的理论,70年代末和80年代初陈云关于社会主义计划经济与市场调节相结合的理论,70年代末至90年代初邓小平关于社会主义也可以搞市场经济的理论,都极大地丰富和发展了马克思主义,展现了我国从社会主义商品生产到社会主义计划经济和市场调节相结合再到社会主义市场经济的理论发展轨迹。     

市场经济视阈下的中国政治价值转型与建构

政治价值以市场经济为物质基础,市场经济不断塑造着政治价值。社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,实质改变着我国原有的政治价值体系,促进和推动着政治价值转型。社会主义市场经济呼唤社会主义政治价值体系的建构,社会主义政治价值体系的建构要以社会主义市场经济为基本取向。     

试论社会主义市场经济条件下的政府干预

在市场经济条件下,政府干预一方面能在某种程度上调控市场运动,纠正市场失灵;另一方面这种干预必须是规则性调控,若随意超出应有的职能范围,则会造成政府本身的失灵。在社会主义市场经济条件下,政府具有双重身份、两重功能。这便需要明确界定政府的作用范围,建立具有约束力的规则和制度,否则对市场功能的有效发挥是十分有害的。     

树立完整商业理念与时俱进编纂续志商业内容

在设计续志篇目时,大家普遍感到经济部类的内容较前志变化很大,特别是商业的记述更是无从下手。如按前志的模式去撰写,根本无法完整准确地反映社会主义市场经济条件下商品流通领域的全貌和特点。面对诸多的困惑,其出路在于：要用社会主义市场经济理论武装我们的头脑,     

市场经济条件下的中小学教师道德问题的探究——通过“教师红包”的视角

在改革开放和建设社会主义市场经济的过程中,受市场条件各种因素的影响,教育事业面临着与市场经济接轨的新问题。教师道德特别是中小学教师道德出现的新问题,受到社会的普遍关注。本文从“教师红包”视角来分析当前中小学教师道德存在的问题、产生的原因以及提高其道德水平途径。     

Commercial townscapes in the making

The building types constructed between 1916 and 1965 in the central areas of two British towns Northampton, a free-standing county town, and Watford, a suburban town are examined in terms of the characteristics of the owners and architects responsible for their creation and the varied factors, local and national, affecting commercial building. Although local firms exercised considerable control over new building throughout the inter-war period in Northampton and local individuals played a major role in the 1920s in Watford, the overriding theme of the paper is the impact of the large-scale entry of retail chain-stores into development for owner occupation in the 1930s, and the growing involvement of property companies and insurance companies in speculative development after the mid-1950s. As the two town centres became integrated into the national commercial network and the national property market, outside architects and new architectural styles were increasingly employed, although speculative developers tended to be slower to adopt new styles than owner-occupiers and buildings in pre-war styles were constructed for a considerable period after both world wars in one or both of the town centres. The influx of outside owners and architects was accompanied by increases in the scale of development and the domination of new building by modern architecture. Other important factors influencing the character of development were the different historical legacies of the two towns. Watford's proximity to London, changes in the sizes of spheres of influence of the two centres, and the nature of property ownership within and on the edge of the two commercial cores.     

The Evolution of a Commercial Strip

This case study investigates the evolution of an arterial commercial strip along a previously residential street in a medium-sized American city. The hypothesis that gasoline stations and other automobile-oriented businesses first colonized the street on a block by block basis is supported. However, equally meaningful relationships between commercial land uses and shifts to multiple - family, absentee-owned housing are also examined as are the relationships between the street's changing social makeup and commercial reorientation. A five stage model of strip development is proposed.     

从《苏州商团档案汇编》看近代苏州商团

1906年成立的苏商体育会是苏州商团的前身,也是近代中国较早由商人创办的新型准军事团体,1912年初发展成为苏州商团公会,直至1936年2月才宣告结束。与上海和武汉等地的商团相比较,苏州商团的特点是与商会的关系十分密切,组织比较细密,规章也比较完备,是统一的一元化组织,而且发展的历史较长,虽在政治上没有突出影响,但在维护地方治安和保护商人利益等方面却发挥了重要作用。180余万字的《苏州商团档案汇编》是国内外即将出版的第一部大型商团档案文献资料,内容丰富,对研究近代苏州商团乃至整个近代中国商团都具有很高的史料价值。     

Commercial zooarchaeology in the United Kingdom

Abstract

The following paper presents the results from two surveys of zooarchaeologists involved with commercial work in the United Kingdom. The surveys had a number of aims: they investigated the demographic of commercial zooarchaeologists; their relationship with organisations; the information they produce; how the current recession is affecting their work and what their priorities for help would be. The main survey was carried out during March–April 2009 with a further follow-up survey conducted during August. The surveys indicate that the demographic of zooarchaeologists varies from that of archaeologists in the United Kingdom as a whole. It also shows that the economic recession is affecting commercial zooarchaeologists in a number of ways. The paper also discusses the general structure and nature of the profession.     

Commercial Archaeology and 3D Web Technologies

ABSTRACT

This contribution summarizes the multiple uses of 3D web technologies in commercial archaeology. Considering the breadth of this topic, we will describe each different branch of these technologies with the example of case studies based on work of the Italian company Arc-Team. Our overview begins with 3D visualization for scientific purposes, showing a project funded by the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol (Italy) in order to improve knowledge about WWI. Second, we analyze a similar project, funded by the Autonomous Province of Trentino (Italy), but with the aim to increase tourism at a high alpine WWI site. The third example is the development of another prototype for tourism: a 3D web-map for the cultural valorization of the historical border (1753) between the region Tyrol and the Most Serene Republic of Venice. In the forth case study, we discuss the implementation of 3D within web platforms for archaeological project management of RAPTOR (Ricerca Archivi e Pratiche per la Tutela Operativa Regionale), a webGIS developed to aid in preservation and conservation efforts of cultural heritage for the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MiBACT). Fifth, we explore recent uses of 3D models for web-coworking during the process of excavation management, thanks to the developments of real-time 3D acquisition techniques based on SLAM algorithms and archeorobotic devices. Finally, 3D web-coworking is also analyzed illustrating some simple web tools that afford rapid feedback in data visualization, considering not only excavation field-work but also exploration projects. This overview, based on six different case studies, represents the four fields in which 3D web technologies are currently used in commercial archaeology: scientific communication; tourism improvement; preservation of cultural heritage; and real time field-work management. Some specific topics such as tourism improvement and field-work management are investigated in greater depth in order to allow us to analyze variables deriving from customer requests (e.g. restrictions regarding sensitive geolocation or preferences for specific web platforms) and from differences among data acquisition technologies based on various sensors.     

Maximising Skeletal Data Collection in Commercial Archaeology

This paper explores the application of quick, simple and low‐cost procedures for data collection in commercial‐driven ‘salvage’ archaeology. In large‐scale cemetery contexts, the collection of a meaningful data set is often under extreme time and cost constraints. This requires the application of tailored field techniques and interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeologists, anthropologists and developers in order to maximise results. The authors examine procedures recently utilised to document and preserve skeletal data in three post‐mediaeval cemeteries in Prague, and evaluate their efficacy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Architecture of Commercial Redevelopment in Post-War Britain

The architectural styles associated with the redevelopment of British central business districts since World War II are described, largely through an examination of two provincial centers, one an administrative, commercial and industrial town and the other a suburban town. The influence of the historical legacies with which the two centers entered the post-war period is emphasized and the succession of styles, especially neo-Georgian, modern and post-modern, is discussed in relation to the characteristics of the owners and architects of buildings. Owner-occupiers tended to adopt new architectural fashions more rapidly than speculative developers. After the mid-1950s increasing influence from outside the study centers was channelled primarily by national property companies, with the financial backing of insurance companies. Architectural styles diversified after the late 1960s, and within individual centers, though not nationally, they were the responsibility of a greater range of firms, mostly operating countrywide.