Eighteenth-century wheel-engraved glassware from Lisbon

Abstract

Glass finds from Lisbon are discussed in the light of the Bohemian production of wheel-engraved glass in the 18th century. Archaeological parallels are quoted from Bohemia, the Netherlands, Canada and the USA, and intact specimens in museums in Portugal and the United Kingdom are also taken into consideration. Finally, the results of the first detailed chemical analysis of glassware excavated in Portugal are presented.     

New Caledonia viewed from Australia

John Connell. New Caledonia or Kanaky? The Political History of a French Colony. Canberra: National Centre for Development Studies, Australian National University, 1987. xx+493 pp. $25.00.

Michael Spencer, Alan Ward and John Connell (eds). New Caledonia. Essays in Nationalism and Dependency. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1988. xv+253 pp.     

从历史地理看徽商的兴衰

多山少地的生存环境、俭朴的生活、商业中的诚信、儒家思想的影响,对徽商的形成和发展或许都起过作用,但对徽商这样一个商业群体来说,决定性的因素还是商品和市场.从历史地理的角度看,即根据当时的地理环境加以考察,徽商充分利用地理优势,稳定占有以长江三角洲为主的市场,经营的商品也摆脱了原籍的局限.与政治权力的结合使徽商获得食盐营销的特权,并以此迅速致富.徽商的最终衰落也在于市场的丧失和商品落后.     

A mosque event: the opening of a purpose-built mosque in Copenhagen

This paper explores the opening of a purpose-built mosque in Copenhagen, treating it as a case of cross-cultural encounters in urban public space. The encounters explored, then, take a specific form; they are mediated through the architecture and materiality of the mosque and the symbolic signs and public imaginations attached to it. And they are connected to a specific event – the opening of the mosque. In the first part, a conceptual framework is presented bringing together literature on three notions: encounters, visibility and the event. Following this, the paper explores the opening event, the public debate that surrounds it, the process leading up to it and some reactions in the months that followed. The paper concludes by showing how the opening event expresses several paradoxes. The controversies over the visibility of Islam in public space push stereotypical imaginations and Islamophobic feelings to the extremes. At the same time, however, they bring together different groups in unprecedented ways and create new constellations over political, religious and cultural boundaries.     

Disciplines in search of data: The Australian aborigine viewed through a diversity of lenses

G. E. Kearney, P. R. De Lacey, and G. R. Davidson, eds. The Psychology of Aboriginal Australians. Sydney. John Wiley & Sons Australasia Pty Ltd., 1973. xii + 446 pp. Tables, figures, bibliography, index, and biography. $17.50

John Cawte. Medicine is the Law: Studies in Psychiatric Anthropology of Australian Tribal Societies. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1974. xxiv + 260 pp. Figures, bibliography, and index. $10.50.     

从汪柏与索萨议和看早期中葡关系的转变

1554年,广东海道副使汪柏与葡萄牙船队司令索萨达成一项口头协议,葡萄牙人以纳税20%为条件获准在中国港口贸易.此次和解虽为临时性安排,却构成了早期中葡关系史上的转折点:中葡两国结束了武装冲突,葡人获得了公开贸易的资格,他们在华活动的临时据点由上川岛转移到了距离广州更近的浪白澳.从此,中葡贸易关系开始在稳定的基础上得到持续性发展.然而,此次和解并未决定葡人入居澳门之事.     

Historiography from a Global Perspective

Geschichtswissenschaft Jenseits des Nationalstaats: Studien zu Bezie-hungsgeschichte und Zivilisationsvergleich. By Jürgen Osterhammel     

一个战地记者的报道日本营妓在腾冲

本文是在民国三十三年九月十八日腾冲光复的日子里由<大公报>记者潘世征采写,发表在<大公报>和<报荡报>上,后于民国三十五年九月十四日发表在<腾越日报>和 <省中校报>上.原标题是<敌随军营妓调查--腾冲城内的一群可怜虫>     

颛顼神话传说新探

颛项氏是一个古老的部族首领,在太阳与月亮尚未出现的黑暗时代,颛项氏早已存在。五帝中的高阳帝颛项,乃是古颛项氏的后裔。高阳帝颛项乃是玄猪图腾、鸟图腾与龙图腾三的结合体,早期兴起于辽东的红山化,后又壮大于东方,由东方逐步迁移至中原,最后在西北与共工氏决战,而成为北方之帝,颛项氏成为夏禹、秦、赵的先祖。     

Macro- and micro-archaeobotanical study of a vessel content from a Late Neolithic structured deposition from southeastern Hungary

A well-preserved assemblage of pottery and a broken stone artefact were excavated within a long house in the southern part of Tiszasziget, near the town of Szeged, Hungary. The settlement had been inhabited by the Late Neolithic Tisza culture around 5000–4500 BC. Based on the position of the finds it is suggested that the objects represent an ideologically-charged structured deposition. A piece of organic residue found in a mug (No. 18) with three-fold articulation has been subjected to macro- and microfloral analysis. After precise sampling of the residue, the standard methods to recover organic and inorganic plant remains were utilised. Based on the macrofloral and amino acid content analysis, it is suggested that the organic remains were pieces of fermented pastry made of cereal flour. The recovered silicified tissues and articulated phytoliths were subjected to morphometric measurements, which revealed that the food remain placed in the structured deposition was prepared of Triticum and – probably wild – Avena species. Starch granules of cereals were also detected, whilst the palynological evidence supports morphologies most likely to be related to the accompanying weed flora. The fortunate survival of the organic matter and the complex macro- and micro-archaeobotanical approach provided an unique opportunity to gain a better insight to the food preparation of Late Neolithic communities of the Carpathian Basin.     

Transformation of Istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city

This paper investigates the spatial transformation of Istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city following the growth of the city and the development of its communications systems. The population and employment of peripheral districts have been growing rapidly, while those of the core districts have decreased. In addition, other variables are utilized for the identification of polycentres such as tax revenues from commercial enterprises, weighted average trip length and volume of mail. The results of the study reveal that the old CBD of Istanbul is no longer a dominant employment centre. Instead, a new CBD is emerging at the intersection of the radial and the peripheral highways, and subcentres are developing in some of the first and second ring districts. A major contributing factor to Istanbul's polycentric development has been the transformation of its economy into one that requires large modem office space and facilities for private automobiles—both of which are difficult to provide within the old CBD. In addition, the construction of peripheral highways has contributed to a pattern of polycentric development. Moreover, there is a desperate need for planned development of these subcentres in order to prevent their current haphazard development and to give a character to the peripheral areas of Istanbul.     

A bipartite patella in a juvenile from a medieval context

One hundred and thirty six well‐preserved medieval skeletons were excavated in advance of re‐development in Norwich. The right patella of a 13–15 year old skeleton (SK 65) displays a ‘fracture line’ running through the supero‐lateral pole. This represents the fusion of a secondary ossification centre, a condition known as bipartite patella. It should not be confused with other anatomical variants or with pathological processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

寻找一条"照片上的公路"--二战史上著名的"24拐"在哪里

编者按: 春节后,接到戈叔亚的电话,他几乎是叫喊着告诉我:他在贵州找到了"24拐"!我把他的问题随便问了几个不同行业的人(非学者):"24拐"在哪里?他们几乎是异口同声地说:在怒江吧?或者是在澜沧江.许许多多的人,尤其是云南人对这条公路,大都是从书籍、杂志和报纸上得知的.50多年来,我们都没有亲眼见到这条路,但都相信了专家和媒体的"专业见解".实际上,不只是战后出生的人,甚至战争的当事者,也不全知道.于是,大家都错了.戈叔亚自嘲自己一开始就找错了方向.     

Unraveling a Neanderthal palimpsest from a zooarcheological and taphonomic perspective

Practically all archeological assemblages are palimpsests. In spite of the high temporal resolution of Abric Romaní site, level O, dated to around 55 ka, is not an exception. This paper focuses on a zooarcheological and taphonomic analysis of this level, paying special attention to spatial and temporal approaches. The main goal is to unravel the palimpsest at the finest possible level by using different methods and techniques, such as archeostratigraphy, anatomical and taxonomical identification, taphonomic analysis, faunal refits and tooth wear analysis. The results obtained are compared to ethnoarcheological data so as to interpret site structure. In addition, activities carried out over different time spans (from individual episodes to long-term behaviors) are detected, and their spatial extent is explored, allowing to do inferences on settlement dynamics. This leads us to discuss the temporal and spatial scales over which Neanderthals carried out different activities within the site, and how they can be studied through the archeological record.     

A Tremadocian asterozoan from Tasmania and a late Llandovery edrioasteroid from Victoria

Jell, P.A., 2014. A Tremadocian asterozoan from Tasmania and a late Llandovery edrioasteroid from Victoria. Alcheringa 38, 528–540. ISSN 0311-5518.

An asterozoan, Maydena roadsidensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the mid-Tremadocian (La1b Zone) Florentine Valley Formation in southwestern Tasmania and is the oldest known asterozoan in the world. Although only a single, largely dissociated, specimen is available, enough is preserved to recognize distinctive ambulacral plates similar to those of Archegonaster Jaekel from the Llanvirn of the Czech Republic. Reciprocodiscus transambus n. gen., n. sp. is an isorophid edrioasteroid from the uppermost late Llandovery Springfield Formation exposed in the bed of Deep Creek, near Springfield, 65?km north northwest of Melbourne. It occurs with a low-diversity trilobite fauna indicating a deepwater, subphotic environment. This edrioasteroid has in each ambulacrum a single series of floor plates that are not visible on the oral surface, indicating its isorophid affinity and retains certain apparently primitive features that are not seen in post-Cambrian edrioasteroids, such as the very large plates of the marginal circlet, plated aboral surface and ambulacral tips extending onto the marginal circlet plates.

Peter A. Jell [p.jell@uq.edu.au] School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia.