Guanhua,Guoyu, and Putonghua: Politics and “proper names” for standard language in modern China

ABSTRACT

Guanhua (official language), Guoyu (national language), and Putonghua (common language) are generally regarded as different names for the same thing in different eras, but from the perspective of cultural history, there are many subtle semantic differences between these three concepts, symbolizing how different social classes and political groups defined their particular experiences, expectations, and efforts to take action. Guoyu, which replaced Guanhua in the late Qing Dynasty, is closely bound up with the construction of modern nationalism. In the 1930s, leftist intellectuals imbued Putonghua with strong proletariat attributes and overtones of indigenous and ethnic equality, wielding it as a tool for critiques against Guoyu. Although Putonghua returned to certain key positions of Guoyu after the mid-1950s, it putatively emphasized the legacy of the leftist language movement, and represented a new political identity. Through these “proper names” for the standard language, it was possible not only to launch a political and social “revolution,” but also to smooth over the historical rifts that this engendered, by repeatedly revising the concepts of “written” and “standard” to form a linear national narrative.     

Nomadism,Pastoralism, Ecology,and Grazing Lands

J. Aschenbrenner and L. R. Collins, eds. The Processes of Urbanism: A Multidisciplinary Approach. The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1978. x + 424 pp. $40.00.

E. Eames and J. G. Goode. Anthropology of the City: An Introduction to Urban Anthropology. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice‐Hall Inc., 1977. viii + 344 pp.

R. G. Fox. Urban Anthropology: Cities in Their Cultural Settings. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall Inc., 1977. xiii + 176 pp.     

Symbolism rehashed and symbolism rethought

Edmund R. Leach. Culture and Communication: The Logic by Which Symbols Are Connected. An Introduction to the Use of Structuralist Analysis in Social Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976. 105 pp.

Dan Sperber. Rethinking Symbolism. Translator, Alice L. Morton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975. xiii + 153 pp.     

Anthropology and education: History,method and applications to American schooling

Joan I. Roberts and Sherrie K. Akinsanya, eds. Educational Patterns and Cultural Configurations: The Anthropology of Education. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1976. xiv + 412 pp. Bibliography, biographical notes, and references. $7.95 paper.

Joan I. Roberts and Sherrie K. Akinsanya, eds. Schooling in the Cultural Context: Anthropological Studies of Education. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1976. xiv + 499 pp. Biographical notes and references. $8.95 paper.

Nobou Kenneth Shimahara and Adam Scrupski, eds. Social Forces and Schooling: An Anthropological and Sociological Perspective. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1975. xiv + 358 pp. Biographical notes and references. $6.95 paper.     

Ethnoarchaeology,Pottery, and Technology: Bridging Ethnographic and Archaeological Approaches

Paul Hockings, ed. Principles of Visual Anthropology. The Hague: Mouton/ Chicago: Aldine, 1975. xiii + 521 pp. Photos, indexes, filmography. $24.50.

Karl G. Heider. Ethnographic Film. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1976. xiv + 166 pp. Index, catalog of films. $9.95.     

Ethnicity,world view,and experience in two Mesoamerican communities

Gregory G. Reck. In the Shadow of Tlaloc: Life in a Mexican Village. New York: Penguin Books, 1978. 224 pp. Photographs. $3.95.

Kay B. Warren. The Symbolism of Subordination: Indian Identity in a Guatemalan Town. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1978. xii + 209 pp. Photographs, references and bibliography. $11.95.     

Change and continuity: Case studies in cultural anthropology

George D. Spindler and student collaborators. Burgbach: Urbanization and Identity in a German Village. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973. x + 134 pp. Glossary, references, recommended reading, maps, illus. $3.25 (paper).

Oriol Pi‐Sunyer. Zamora: Change and Continuity in a Mexican Town. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973. xii + 134 pp. Glossary, references, recommended reading, map, tables, illus. $2.75 (paper).

Richard A. Barrett. Benabarre: The Modernization of a Spanish Village. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. xiv + 106 pp. References, recommended reading, map, tables, illus. $3.00 (paper).

Helen Icken Saga. The Urban Poor of Puerto Rico: A Study in Development and Inequality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. xii + 110 pp. Glossary, references, map, tables, illus. $3.00 (paper).     

The dynamics of tradition in Panajachel and Zinacantan

George A. Collier. Fields of the Tzotzil: The Ecological Bases of Tradition in Highland Chiapas. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1975. xv + 255 pp. Appendix, bibliography and index. $9.75.

Robert E. Hinshaw. Panajachel: A Guatemalan Town in Thirty‐Year Perspective. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1975. xxvii + 203 pp. Forward, epilogue, appendix, notes, glossary, bibliography and index. $16.95.     

New maps

EUROPE.

Sweden for Peace. The Programme of Sioeden in the Union Crisis. By Nils Edén, Professor at the University of Upsala. London : David Nutt. Pp. 40.

La Belgique : Institutions, Industrie, Commerce. Brussels : J. Goemaere, 1905.Pp. 870.

Place‐Names of Boss and Cromarty. By W. J. Watson, M.A., Eector of Inverness Royal Academy. Inverness : The Northern Counties Printing Co. 1904.

ASIA.

The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai. Translated from the Tamil by order of the Government of Madras, and edited by Sir J. Frederick Price, K.O.S.I., late of the Indian Civil Service. Vol. I. Madras : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1904.

The Central Tian‐Shan Mountains, 1902–1903. By Dr. Gottfried Merzbacher. Published under authority of the Eoyal Geographical Society. Pp. 294, with Map and 20 Photographic Illustrations. London : John Murray, 1905.

AFRICA.

The World of To‐day.—Vol. III. Africa. By A. R. Hope Moncrieff. London : Gresham Publishing Co., 1905. Pp. vi + 280. Numerous Illustrations and Maps.

AMERICA.

Back to Sunny Seas. By Frank T. Bullen, F.R.G.S. London : Smith, Elder and Co., 1905.

GENERAL.

The Oxford Geographies. Vol. II. : The Junior Geography. By A. J. Herbertson, M.A., Ph.D. Oxford : At the Clarendon Press, 1905.     

The Indian as subject and object of Mexican ethnography

Pierre Durand. Nanacatlan. Société Paysanne et lutte des classes au Mexique. Montreal: Les Presses de 1'Université de Montréal. 1975. 257 pp. Tables, figures, maps, references, and bibliography. $14.50 Canadian, paper.

Judith Friedlander. Being Indian in Hueyapan. A Study of Forced Identity in Contemporary Mexico. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1975. 205 pp. Illustrations, references, bibliography, and index. $5.00 paper.     

Folk biology: A frontier of cognitive anthropology

Brent Berlin, Dennis E. Breedlove, and Peter H. Raven. Principles of Tzeltal Plant Classification: An Introduction to the Botanical Ethnography of a Mayan‐Speaking People of Highland Chiapas. New York and London: Academic Press, 1974. xxii + 660 pp. Tables, figures, maps, illustrations, appendixes, references, and indexes. $39.50 (cloth).     

Doing the social order: Some ethnographic advances from communicational analysis and ethnomethodology

Hugh Mehan and Houston Wood. The Reality of Ethnomethodology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1975. x + 258 pp. Bibliography and index. $11.50.

Albert E. Scheflen. Communicational Structure: Analysis of a Psychotherapy Transaction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973. xiv + 378 pp. Charts, tables, figures, bibliography and appendices. $15.00.     

Rom to Rom/Rom to Gaje

Rena C. Gropper. Gypsies in the City. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1975. xi + 235 pp. Tables, figures, maps, illustrations, appendix, glossary, bibliography and index. $9.95

Farnham Rehfisch, ed. Gypsies, Tinkers and Other Travellers. London and New York: Academic Press, 1975. x + 303 pp. Figures, tables, glossary and index. $15.25.

Anne Sutherland. Gypsies: The Hidden Americans. New York: The Free Press, 1975. x + 330 pp. Tables, figures, appendices, glossary, bibliography and indices. $13.95.     

The anthropological study of Theravada Buddhism

Richard F. Gombrich. Precept and Practice: Traditional Buddhism in the Rural Highlands of Ceylon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. viii + 366 pp. Appendixes, glossary, bibliography, and index. £4.00 (U.K.).

E. Michael Mendelson. Sangha and State in Burma: A Study of Monastic Sectarianism and Leadership. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1975. 389 pp. Appendixes, bibliography, and index. $19.50.

Melford E. Spiro. Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes. New York: Harper and Row, 1970. iv + 507 pp. Appendix, references, and index. $17.95.

S.J. Tambiah. Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North‐East Thailand. Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, Number 2. New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1975 (First paperback edition), xi + 388 pp. Illustrations, maps, diagrams, tables, bibliography, and index. $6.95 paper.     

Ethnicity as adaptation: Strategies and systems

John W. Bennett, ed. The New Ethnicity: Perspectives from Ethnology. 1973 Proceedings of The American Ethnological Society. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1975. xi + 334 pp. Tables, figures, and references. $9.95.

Leo A. Despres, ed. Ethnicity and Resource Competition in Plural Societies. World Anthropology: An Interdisciplinary Series. The Hague and Paris: Mouton Publishers, 1975. (Distributed in North America by Aldine Publishing Company.) xii + 221 pp. Tables, figures, biographical notes, and indexes. $12.50.     

David's 'Hatred' for the Lame and the Blind (2 Sam. 5.8A)

Abstract

Scholars have often dismissed the rendering of veyigga' batsinnor (2 Sam. 5.8) as 'get up the water shaft' or 'get up the water canal' on the grounds that it has no natural connection with David's expressed 'hatred' for 'the lame and the blind'. This article argues that such a dismissal is perhaps hasty, and that David's reference to the physically afflicted alludes to the custom of their gathering at pools and springs (which were widely held to possess healing powers).     

The burden of profession: Applied anthropology at the crossroads

Elizabeth M. Eddy and William L. Partridge, eds. Applied Anthropology in America. New York: Columbia University Press. 1978. 484 pp.

Walter Goldschmidt, ed. The Uses of Anthropology. Special Publication No. 11. Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association. 1979. 280 pp.     

Coming of age in applied archaeology

Thomas F. King, Patricia Parker Hickman, and Gary Berg. Anthropology in Historic Preservation. New York: Academic Press, 1977. xi +344 pp. $15.00.

Michael B. Schiffer and George J. Gumerman, eds. Conservation Archaeology. New York: Academic Press, 1977. xxi + 495 pp. $19.50.     

New maps

EUROPE.

Travels of a Naturalist in Northern Europe. By J. A. Harvie‐Brown, F.R.S.E., F.Z.S. With Coloured Plates and other Illustrations and 4 Maps. Two volumes. London : T. Fisher Unwin, 1905. Price £3, 3s.

AFRICA.

Promenades Lointaines, Sahara, Niger, Tombouctou, Touareg. Par le Lieutenant H. Paulhiac. Paris : Librairie Plon. Plon‐Nourrit et Cie., Imprimeurs‐Éditeurs. Prix 5 francs.

AMERICA.

Geografía de la Provincia de Córdoba. Por Manuel B. Río y Luis Achával, inge‐nieros civiles, etc. Escrita por encargo del Exemo. Gobierno de la Provincia. Publicación Official. Buenos Ayres, 1904.

Panama. Edited by Edward James Cattell. Foreign Commercial Guide. Published by the Philadelphia Commercial Museum, 1905. Pp. 17, with Map.     

A Content Analysis of Imago Mundi, 1935–2010

ABSTRACT

The 592 research articles in the first 62 volumes of Imago Mundi, from 1935 to 2010, are analysed to discern trends in the scholarly approaches, biases and interests of historians of cartography. Particular attention is paid to map historians’ preferred historical periods and topical subjects of study, to their nationalistic tendencies and to the shifting importance of traditional, internal and socio-cultural approaches to map history.