A RADAR POSITION-FIXING SYSTEM FOR MARINE MAGNETOMETER SURVEYS

A radar position-fixing instrument utilized in a marine archaeological magnetometer survey system is discussed. The position-fixing system provides highly accurate location data for each magnetometer reading and display for navigation purposes on a track plotter. The data is recorded automatically on magnetic tape.     

THE EVOLUTION OF A PILGRIMAGE AS A SPATIAL-SYMBOLIC SYSTEM

The evolution of a popular circular Buddhist pilgrimage to 88 sacred places on Shikoku Island, Japan, reflects the dynamic nature of pilgrimage. The pilgrimage, of eighth-century origin and associated with Kobo Daishi, was gradually established and elaborated as a spatial system which also assumed symbolic value. Relocations of some temples, a shift in the embarkation point, changes in the sequence of temple visiting, and a decrease in the time and distance of the journey are the spatial adjustments through which the pilgrimage has evolved to the present. L'évolution d'un pèlerinage bouddhiste populaire formant un circuit de 88 lieux sacrés sur l'Ile Shikoku au Japon reflète la nature dynamique du pèlerinage. Le pèlerinage, dont les débuts datent de huit siècles et qu'on associe au Kobo Daishi, fut progressivement établi et élaboré en tant que système spatial qui, en même temps, prend une valeur symbolique. Le déménagement de certains temples, un changement de points de départ, des changements dans l'ordre des temples à visiter et une diminution de l'élément spatio-temporelle du voyage constituent des ajustements à travers lesquelles le pèlerinage a évolué jusqu'à nos jours.     

THE EVOLUTION OF A PILGRIMAGE AS A SPATIAL-SYMBOLIC SYSTEM

The evolution of a popular circular Buddhist pilgrimage to 88 sacred places on Shikoku Island, Japan, reflects the dynamic nature of pilgrimage. The pilgrimage, of eighth-century origin and associated with Kobo Daishi, was gradually established and elaborated as a spatial system which also assumed symbolic value. Relocations of some temples, a shift in the embarkation point, changes in the sequence of temple visiting, and a decrease in the time and distance of the journey are the spatial adjustments through which the pilgrimage has evolved to the present.
L'évolution d'un pèlerinage bouddhiste populaire formant un circuit de 88 lieux sacrés sur l'Ile Shikoku au Japon reflète la nature dynamique du pèlerinage. Le pèlerinage, dont les débuts datent de huit siècles et qu'on associe au Kobo Daishi, fut progressivement établi et élaboré en tant que système spatial qui, en même temps, prend une valeur symbolique. Le déménagement de certains temples, un changement de points de départ, des changements dans l'ordre des temples à visiter et une diminution de l'élément spatio-temporelle du voyage constituent des ajustements à travers lesquelles le pèlerinage a évolué jusqu'à nos jours.     

DRAWING POTSHERDS: A LOW-COST COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM

When an archaeological site is investigated large numbers of potsherds may be recovered. These have to be drawn. This is a very time-consuming and labour-intensive task which is usually undertaken by skilled draughtsmen. The system described in this paper aims to speed the process of sketching potsherds by using software techniques developed for computer-aided drawing (CAD), together with hardware which allows the user to digitize the profile of a sherd. The resulting system is cheap and portable, and may be used in the field in conjunction with a battery-powered computer. A novel method of calculating the position of the original axis of a pot has also been developed for sherds lacking a section o f rim or base.     

岭南文化区域系统分析

从整体的发展历程来看,岭南文化是中华民族文化中最具特色、最活跃的区域文化之一。岭南文化区域在历史上曾是中国经济文化最发达的地区之一;本世纪末的改革开放20年来,岭南地区成了一块经济发展的热土,使岭南文化一跃成为推动中国经济发展的高势能文化之一。岭南文化在其孕育、成长、定型和演变过程当中受自然与社会环境的影响很大,构成了其特有的文化整合与演变模式。本文从区域系统分析的角度对岭南文化进行初步研究,得出结论:(1)岭南文化是山水型的实用文化;(2)岭南文化是开放性和兼容性极强的区域文化;(3)重实践,讲创新,少说多干是岭南文化的精髓;(4)岭南文化系统在发展变化过程中,形成了独特的南国文化景观。     

POPULATION DENSITY IN A CENTRAL‐PLACE SYSTEM

The existing empirical literature about polycentric population density has focused on the urban scale, and the alternative models proposed in that context have been justified using heuristic arguments. This paper describes how polycentric density distributions can, in general, be endowed with a theoretical framework which differs from the existing literature with respect to the treatment of centers: instead of assuming that they represent places of work, it assumes they are places that provide goods and services to households. This imposes a hierarchical structure on the model, which allows replacing the set of distances to all centers (typically used in the existing literature as the same explanans irrespectively of location) with a smaller set of distances that corresponds to the number of levels in the hierarchy and varies with location. The central‐place framework used also provides a direct link between a polycentric model and the Clark formula, in the sense that the latter can emerge through a smoothing procedure of the former. Finally, in the context of central places, the scope of related empirical investigations can be extended naturally from the urban to the regional scale. This is the scale of a simple test presented here, which has been specifically included to support the corresponding theoretical arguments about the structure of a polycentric density gradient. The paper concludes with some expected problems and advantages of applying these ideas to the urban scale.     

旅游解说系统研究——以北京为例

本文介绍了旅游解说系统的基本概念,并以北京为案例,在实证调查的基础上,讨论了北京市面向旅游者的解说系统的类型、各类型的特点和存在问题,为提高城市总体旅游管理和服务水平,提供可操作的依据。     

MEASURING THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH*

The Multiregional Variable Input-Output (MRVIO) model is introduced to measure the development impact of a transportation system. The MRVIO model is a theoretically flexible, computationally simple, and cost-responsive model. Under the MRVIO model, regional input-output coefficients, trade coefficients, and trade flows become cost responsive and easy to compute. The MRVIO model is employed to measure the development impact of the Arkansas waterway during the period of 1974 to 1978. In the study, the U.S. economy is disaggregated into 3 regions and 35 industrial sectors. The MRVIO model estimates the economic conditions of these 3 regions with and without the waterway in terms of industrial output, income, employment, and trade flows.     

A HYBRID APPROACH TO CREATE AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR A PALAEOLITHIC CAVE

This paper presents a visualization system based on metric data to manage and disseminate archaeological information on the Internet. We describe the integration of two different types of sensors: laser scanning and close‐range photogrammetry. How we created an automatic and hierarchical approach based on processing and matching the images coming from a digital camera and a terrestrial laser scanner is also shown. This development has created a visualization system combining spherical photographs and georeferences for graphical and numerical data acquired by the sensors. The case study where we have applied this method is the Palaeolithic rock art of the Llonín Cave (Asturias, Spain), which has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and has restricted public access. Our results demonstrate that this tool integrates data, metadata, services and information, which simplifies the location, identification, selection and management of archaeological information.     

城镇体系可持续规划初探

随着我国持续发展战略的出台,作为城市区域系统之纲的城镇体系也只有顺应这一形势,进行可持续规划。本文初步探讨了城镇体系可持续规划的理论、方法、内容、目标以及工作步骤。并认为城镇体系可持续规划不同于传统规划,一方面理论上注重持续发展思想为指导,另一方面方法上应以先进的信息系统技术为支撑工具;同时,其内容上应把传统规划建立在城镇体系规划信息系统基础之上,并进行环境生态规划。     

城市住宅市场价格系统动力学模型实证研究

城市住宅市场价格影响因素复杂,必须用系统思想才能准确预测模拟其发展趋势。文章结合对兰州市住房市场的实证研究,从理论和实践两方面构建了城市住宅市场价格系统动力学仿真模型,并借助计算机利用系统动力学软件对模型进行了调试和分析,得到了比较令人满意的结果。认为,城市住宅价格系统动力学模型在以下三方面有较大的推广应用价值:①房地产市场趋势仿真模拟;②房地产政策研究和决策分析;③城市住宅市场系统内在机制研究。     

试论房地产估价信息系统化及其实现

本文通过对当今时代发展趋势和房地产估价发展现状分析,提出信息系统化是房地产估价发展的新方向;以房地产价格学、信息系统学和计量地理学为基础,阐述房地产估价信息系统化基本概念及目标体系;提出估价信息系统化实现的基本思路、主要方法和关键问题。