Radiocarbon Dates on Textile and Bark Samples from the Central Grave of the Adena Mound (33RO1), Chillicothe,Ohio

The Adena Mound (33RO1) is the type site of the Adena culture, yet there have been no radiocarbon dates to place it reliably within a temporal framework. Fortunately, the artifact collection, curated by the Ohio Historical Society, includes objects that are highly suitable for radiocarbon dating, including fragments of textiles and tree bark associated with the central burial. We selected a textile fragment and two bark fragments for radiocarbon dating. The textile exhibits alternate pair twine with very fine yarns probably composed of cellulose bast fibers. The bark is from a black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) tree. The results of the radiocarbon dating indicate that the Adena Mound was constructed between the end of the second century B.C. and the beginning of the first century A.D., placing it near the midpoint in the sequence of radiocarbon-dated Adena culture sites. This study demonstrates the value of museum collections for gleaning new data from curated materials.     

A New Megalithic Dolmen from the Balearic Island of Mallorca: Its Radiocarbon Dating amd Artefacts

This paper examines and discusses a 'dolmenic' structure recently discovered on the Spanish Balearic Island of Mallorca. This form of megalithic tomb architecture is the least studied of the many different types of local prehistoric monuments. Only seven dolmens are known in the Balearics (Mallorca and Menorca) and the Pityoussa Group (Ibiza and Formenterra) and only two of these have radiocarbon dating, circa 1750 cal BC to 1550 cal BC. The new structure, the Dolmen of Son Oleza, according to recent findings is the oldest example so far dated. A recent series of nine radiocarbon dates and two earlier analyses cover a period of circa 2200 cal BC to circa 1800 cal BC. The Olezian Dolmen is also the first to have yielded abundant Bell Beaker pottery and associated artefacts. It also reveals geological and architectural characteristics that are unlike other local dolmens, characteristics that by dating and artefact evidence identify it as a possible Balearic prototype. Furthermore, the Olezian Dolmen's location close to the Chalcolithic Old Settlement of Son Oleza, where identical dates and artefacts have been found, strongly suggests this settlement's contemporaneity and direct association with the Dolmen. This aspect, along with the other emerging evidence, is completely new to the question of Balearic dolmens, giving us fresh insight as to their chronology, function and socio-religious importance and significance.     

圆明园新证——长春园蒨园考

蒨园是清代以圆明园为代表的三山五园中第一座直接写仿江南私家园林的园中之园,始建于乾隆第一次南巡后的1751-1753年间,原型为瓜洲周锦春园。本文借助国家图书馆藏《蒨园图》、王炳绘《蒨园八景图》册等图像资料,结合乾隆御制诗,论证了蒨园仿建锦春园的历史背景、蒨园八景的造景理念。蒨园的江南风致是乾隆南巡后出现的新的园林境界,山水、建筑被以一种更为精致、细腻的组合模式表现出来,其直接取用江南私家园林的主题类型化手法,此后成为皇家园林创作的主流。     

一份珍贵的民间文书--《清代常用应用文样本》

前些年,我下乡到安丘市庵上镇孟家旺村,在村文书马明昌家中,看到一本泛黑黄的毛边纸小册子。这个小册子共四十六面,宽十一二厘米,高十七八厘米的样子,因为时间长而且是常用,周边磨损严重。     

后普查时期博物馆藏品管理的新发展研究——以南京博物院为例

全国第一次可移动文物普查结束后,如何利用普查经验和结果,建立和完善与新时期博物馆发展相适应的藏品管理体系,是当前我国博物馆建设面临的重要任务。南京博物院藏品管理的实例说明,博物馆可以通过健全管理制度、构建网络管理平台、创新便于利用的管理模式、实时监测文物保护动态等手段,全面提升藏品管理能力,建立对藏品的规范化、信息化和精细化的管理体系,使藏品更好地服务社会。     

Flotation versus dry sieving archaeobotanical remains: A case history from the Middle Horizon southern coast of Peru

Abstract

During excavations at the site of Casa Vieja located in the Peruvian coastal desert, archaeological plant remains were systematically collected to assess whether it is more productive and informative to sieve sandy sediments in dry environments or to process such samples by water flotation, a persistent methodological concern. At Casa Vieja, dual subsamples were collected and analyzed using both of these procedures. For dry, sandy sediment conditions, each processing strategy was found to yield a different view of the botanical remains. Dry sieving recovers more of the larger plant specimens whereas water flotation yields more of the smaller-sized material. These results should be incorporated into archaeological research designs in the future, especially for desert environments.     

从故宫藏清代制瓷官样看中国古代官样制度——清代御窑厂研究之二

官样是中国古代官府手工业生产制度的内容之一,也是生产过程官府决定产品类别以及保证产品质量的主要手段。本文从故宫博物院收藏的清代制瓷官样入手,通过与大量的传世瓷器对比,在论证清代制瓷官样制度的基础上,追溯了中国古代制瓷官样的历史,进而论定官手工业和官样制度是造成封建社会后期工艺成就衰颓的主要原因。     

Assessing Collector Bias: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis of a Collection of Isolated Clovis Points from the Midcontinent

Clovis points are found across the contiguous United States as isolated surface finds and as elements of assemblages in surface and subsurface deposits. Despite being scattered over the continent, Clovis points exhibit a remarkable degree of standardization, yet there is still a demonstrable level of variation in their shapes across regions. Including isolated points in regional comparative analyses would significantly increase sample sizes and spatial coverage of these analyses; however, the effects of collector bias—the tendency to collect the most typical and aesthetically pleasing points—are unknown. Here, we examine the shape of a sample of isolated Clovis points from the midcontinent using geometric morphometric techniques. We show that resharpening had little effect on the shape of points and that our sample of isolated points are similar in shape to points from assemblages in the midcontinent. Our findings suggest that isolated points have research potential when collector bias is limited.     

激愤的石头——评张承志散文集《谁是胜者》

张承志的散文集《谁是胜者》,展示了他勇于捍卫人类正义的热诚和敢于冷静自我审视的真挚。同时,呼唤雄强人格、关怀弱势群体也是此文集的闪光点所在。     

发自边缘的呐喊 --再读《愁容童子》

今年四月九日,小泉首相在东京曾举办过一场盛大的赏樱会,出席者近九千余人之众,除了政府官员、海内外新闻媒体外,还有各国驻日本的外交使节等。当时,患有严重花粉过敏症的小泉用手绢捂住鼻孔,在樱花丛中显现出痛苦的表情,表示“今天要忘记让人心烦的政治”。这位首相确实面临不少让他心烦意乱的事,比如,包括中国、韩国在内的亚洲国家和地区不断出现所谓“反日示威”的群众运动,这些自发的群众运动抗议日本右翼势力篡改历史教科书,抗议小泉接二连三地参拜供奉甲级战犯的靖国神社。在日本国内,由加藤周一、大江健三郎、井上厦等九位贤达发起的日本“九条会”则抗议日本政府以及右翼势力试图篡改和平宪法第九条,以在日本全面复活超国家主义乃至军国主义,等等。     

初论蒋家窑的擂棒--兼论太平三年之器的年号与定名

湖南衡阳市蒋家窑的产品,种类繁多,造型别致,装饰优美。其胎色浅灰,釉色虾青,釉质玉润光亮。器物上不仅刻有文字,还有自名。 蒋家窑址的窑具中,常见形制特别且数量不少的擂棒出土。１９８１年,在试掘蒋家窑群中的一座完整龙窑时,仅在清理的第一层窑床和其旁的废弃堆积中,就出土有擂棒五件,其中除一件稍残外,其他均较为完整①。后来在对该窑群的调查中,又多次采集和收集到擂棒多件②。现就其形制、用途、年代等问题,作一初略的研究。 一、擂棒的形制 擂棒的整体形状为一端小而面平,另一端大且面弧,实心,圆柱形柄部略呈亚腰…     

清代广州外销画中的瓷器烧造图研究——以瑞典隆德大学图书馆收藏为例

瑞典隆德大学(Lund University)图书馆收藏的一套50幅的中国瓷器烧造图,是18世纪上半期绘制于广州的早期外销画作品,由瑞典东印度公司首任大班坎贝尔从广州购回,是目前所知的数量最多的一套瓷器烧造图。这套广州外销画的早期图册,为我们了解早期外销画的发展、早期中瑞贸易史、瑞典早期远东科学考察史以及中国瓷器生产史,提供了非常珍贵的图像资料,其历史价值和文化价值值得肯定。     

南方潮湿地区考古遗址迁移保护初探——以长沙国际金融中心建设工地考古遗址迁移保护工程为例

长沙国际金融中心建设工地考古遗址迁移保护工程是大遗址保护实践的有益探索,也是目前遗址保护与区域经济建设协同发展模式下较具现实意义和操作性的一种大型遗址保护途径。本次迁移保护工程是湖南地区首次遗址类不可移动文物大规模迁移保护,采用"表面加固"、"分段整体切割"、"探铲打孔底板嵌套插入隔断"、"聚氨酯发泡固型"四个步骤,对各类型遗存进行科学、完整的迁移保护,该技术在长沙首次成功运用,解决了潮湿土遗址迁移保护的饱水环境、遗址基层不稳定、安全施工等技术难题。希望为南方潮湿地区遗址、墓葬的整体迁移保护提供有益的借鉴。     

晚清新政与张之洞研究的新进展--读李细珠《张之洞与清末新政研究》

20世纪90年代以来,在中国近代史的研究中,社会化史的研究大为兴盛,而从前热门的政治史则颇有冷落之感。在有数的几个还比较受学术界关注的政治史课题里面,晚清最后10年的新政应该算是较重要的一个。笔也是晚清新政的研究和热心关注之一。因此,李甫一出版,笔便仔细拜读,并写就以下的评论,以就教于作李细珠先生及学术界同仁。     

New Perspectives on Early Regional Interaction Networks of East African Trade: A View from Tsavo National Park,Kenya

Archaeologists are interested in understanding whether cross-cultural contact catalyzed by exchange of commodities is a means for people to acquire new technology and cultural ideas. This paper reports the results and analysis of archaeological investigations in Tsavo National Park, Kenya in 2001 and 2004 that have recovered evidence of indirect contact between late pastoral neolithic (PN) herders and early iron working (EIW) communities. Analysis of stylistic motifs on ceramics used by both PN and EIW people show that socially constructed notions of aesthetics are similar, implying that a strong cultural connection between the two groups may be possible. New lexico-statistical analyses and archaeological data from Tanzania corroborate that the prehistoric East African milieu was more complex than previously believed. However, pastoralists in Tsavo show no evidence of utilizing iron technology or altering their subsistence strategies among the > 10,000 artifacts spanning 4,000+ years of prehistory recovered in the 2001 field season. Thus, long-distance and long-term contact between socially connected groups possessing different technological and subsistence foundations does not necessarily lead to a diffusion of new survival strategies.Les archéologues sont intéressés à comprendre la diffusion technologique et culturelle préhistorique [Les archeologues se sont interestesa comprendre la diffusion prehistorique de la technologie et de la culture]. Le contact entre les cultures catalysées par l'échange des produits est des moyens pour que les personnes acquièrent la nouvelle technologie et les idées culturelles. Cependant, le point auquel certaines idées sont acceptées ou rejetées demeure irrésolu. [Quand le contact contre-culturelle s'allie avec l'exchange de produits, les deux fournissent les nouvelles idees culturelles et technologiques aux gens. Mais, le point d D'autres données sont nécessaires pour augmenter nos compréhension de l'échange des idées entre les groupes de personnes et comment des changements de technologie. Les investigations archéologiques en parc national de Tsavo, Kenya dans 2001 ont récupéré l'évidence du contact indirect entre les bouviers néolithiques pastoraux (PN) en retard et les premières communautés du fondre de fer (EIW). L'analyse des motifs stylistiques sur la céramique utiliser par des personnes de PN et d'EIW prouvent que les notions socialement construites de l'esthétique sont semblables, impliquant qu'un raccordement culturel fort entre les deux groupes peut être possible. Les nouvelles analyses lexico-statistiques et les données archéologiques de Tanzanie corroborent que le milieu africain est préhistorique était plus complexe que précédemment cru. Cependant, les bouviers préhistorique dans Tsavo ne montrent aucune évidence d'utiliser la technologie de fer ou de changer leurs stratégies de subsistance parmi les > 10.000 objets façonnés enjambant les années 4.000+ de la préhistoire récupérées dans la saison de 2001 champs. Ainsi, contact à longue distance et long terme entre les groupes socialement reliés possédant différentes bases technologiques et de subsistance ne mène pas nécessairement à une diffusion de nouvelles strategies de survival.