中国古代遗嘱继承制度质疑

中国古代不存在一般意义上的遗嘱继承制度。遗嘱继承制度的产生 ,以单纯的个人所有权的普遍化和血亲观念的相对淡化为前提条件 ,而中国古代不具备这些条件 ;中国古代的法律仅允许被继承人在“户绝”时适用遗嘱 ,有子时则必须实行法定继承 ,与普通意义上的遗嘱继承制度相去甚远 ;虽然古代史籍中有实行遗嘱继承的个别实例 ,但不能据此认为中国古代存在遗嘱继承制度     

由清华简释解古文字一例

在1998年公布的郭店简《成之闻之》简30有一个字,旧皆不得其解,经过与新公布的清华简《保训》简1的一个字相对比,郭店简的那个字可隶定为"",读为"贵",是"贵重"之意。这是利用清华简考释旧未能释出的古文字的一个例子。     

从建筑学角度探析古籍保护方法

古代藏书场所的建筑材料、建筑样式、建筑装饰等对古籍收藏起到了预防各种灾害的保护作用。     

1965年中国设立的两个特区

<正>在20世纪60年代前期进行的经济调整过程中,中国共产党和政府采取了许多特殊而有效的措施,完成了国民经济调整的任务,度过了困难时期。在调整后期,中国试图在经济管理体制上找出一条新路,改变统得过多过死的局面。为了照顾特殊地区的发展,1965年先后设置了安达特区和攀枝花特区,成为这个时期计划工作中的亮点。一、开发大庆油田与设立安达特区     

The Possibility of Studying Landforms by Means of Digital Computers

The author proposes a digital code that would enable a computer to recognize landforms by matching the code of a given form against standard patterns stored in the computer's memory. This would represent automation of the first stage of compilation of geomorphic and special-purpose maps in which the general character of the surface relief of an area and its spatial distribution must be determined.     

The Cunning Means of Domination

This discussion started on the WAC listserv when I objected on 8 April 2007 to a short message sent by Claire Smith on the previous day. She had been announcing that her colleague “Heather Burke and [are] putting together a list of important non-Anglo archaeologists” and was asking whether “anyone has any recommendations” for that list and, if so, whether they would email her off list. I objected strongly. This paper explains why. In doing so I am describing the degree of complexity language use has acquired in the contemporary world with old linguistic maps quickly become obsolete. To insist that English is simply the lingua franca of academic discourse is to ignore that complexity. The wide use of English as an academic lingua franca means in practice that there are very strong asymmetries not only in individual archaeologists’ abilities to express themselves competently and confidently in that language but also in what is considered appropriate or possible to express. For a language is not simply a random code with which anything might be said to anybody. Language, and the conventions that govern how a given language is to be applied, influences to a large extent even what is a sensible thing to say in a given context. Language use in archaeology is not about translating the same archaeology into different languages but about translating between different archaeologies and associated cultural practices including languages. The only sensible way forward is for WAC to promote among its members the learning of more languages—which is something the vast majority of “non-Anglo” archaeologists already knows and accepts as a fact of life. We do not need lists of “non-Anglo” archaeologists that are considered worth reading about in English, but more archaeologists being able to appreciate the work of colleagues in its original language. In conclusion I urge exclusively Anglophone archaeologists to please stop finding excuses for learning foreign languages.     

浅淡中国古代金属货币的制造加工技术

本文通过对古代范铸技术铸钱的研究,提出了古代铸钱工艺是采取了多种铸造技术。通过采用砂型工艺铸钱的实践,提出了秦代也可能采用过砂型铸钱工艺。通过对出土文物的研究,证明圆形方孔钱的铸后加工技术,早在汉代就已经形成了规范的加工方法。     

从中国大陆当代古籍整理的现状看其类别、方式方法及走向

本文首先回顾了中国大陆当代古籍整理的缘起,继而论述了中国大陆当代古籍整理的现状,即类别及方式方法;最后阐述了古籍整理的今后走向。     

骑兵的定界和起源

从严格、科学高度言 ,对中外某些辞书等骑兵定界提出三点修正意见。我国骑兵起源 ,分两个层面。其一 ,从北方游牧民族的骑马———骑射———骑兵系列文化切入 ,早在公元前 13～ 12世纪就完成三段式的演进过程。这是游牧文化、狩猎文化和军事文化紧密结合的产物 ,是北方游牧民族对我国历史发展的重要贡献。其二 ,中原农业民族骑兵 ,除自身发展趋势外 ,一定程度受到前者的影响。各类资料似乎可证明 ,早在商朝出现了骑兵。     

博物馆展览的叙事性判定

受"叙事转向"思潮影响,展览叙事日渐成为博物馆界的一个研究热点,但"如何判定展览的叙事性"这一关键问题仍然有待厘清.这既需要避免"泛叙事观"对叙事概念的消解,又需要考虑展览传播特性对叙事表征的限定.由整合叙事学、广义叙述学、电影理论三者的观点可知,人物、事件、因果、冲突、价值五要素可在内容层面成为判定文本叙事性(属性与程度层面)的重要依据;而信息以实物和空间为媒介载体,以陈列语言为主要传播方式则应成为展览形式层面叙事性的判定标准.由此,可在学理上为澄清三组含混概念——叙事与非叙事、强叙事与弱叙事、整体叙事与局部叙事——提供一条新的思考路径.     

The Growth of Enterprise Zones: A Policy Transformation

The rapid growth of enterprise zones during the 1980s has occurred despite the lack of empirical support for its theory of using tax incentives to rebuild inner cities. This paper concludes, after reviewing the literature and assessments made by zone coordinators that enterprise zones, like Head start, have been transformed into a program through which both conservatives and liberals can justify spending on improved community social and infrastructure services.     

俄罗斯的千年古都 普斯科夫

<正>一片起伏的丘陵,如果再配上一泓碧绿的湖水,那可真是自然的造化了,就像俄罗斯的普斯科夫。一段陡峭的河岸,如果再添上一座古老的城堡,那就有故事了,就像普斯科夫的古堡。普斯科夫古堡建在韦利卡亚河边一个狭窄的岬角上。和红砖建造的莫斯科和诺夫哥罗德不同,普斯科夫是用石块砌造的,因此给人的感觉更厚实,     

西京古道

京珠高速公路粤北段在广东省乳源县大桥镇旁边穿过,这是现代快速路。在现代快速路旁边还有一条古代快速路,叫“西京古道”,千百年前这条路与京城相通。 “西京古道”是一条什么样的路？有什么样的历史故事？它还有历史遗存吗？怀着种种好奇,我们在向导的带领下,走上了这条千年古道。     

古埃及人的数学成就

古埃及文明的重要成就之一就是科学技术发明 ,其中数学成就引人注目。从保留下来的纸草文献中 ,我们可以了解到古埃及人的数学知识相当丰富 ,他们的数学知识包括算术、代数和几何三个方面。古埃及人的数学产生于生活和实践 ,并广泛应用于生产实践 ,取得了辉煌的成就 ,对人类文明做出了重要贡献。     

论洛阳古代墓葬的特点

洛阳古代墓葬在中国各地古代墓葬中的独特之处:一是皇家墓葬多,仅葬于此的帝王就有七个朝代40余位,在中国历史上堪称最多;同时,在皇家寝陵制度史上,洛阳帝陵每每有许多创新开风气的地方二是贵族和名人墓葬多,与皇家陵墓互相辉映,形成众星捧月之势。三是平民墓葬同王公墓葬交叉杂处,具有公共墓地的特点。四是洛阳墓葬被盗严重,可谓是“十墓九空”。五是洛阳墓葬出土文物多,影响大,被称为是实物的、石刻的中国历史。     

寿县古城 阅尽沧桑今犹在

<正>是否知道"淝水之战"这个以弱胜强的著名古战役?是否了解古代城池水利工程的秘密所在?"歪门斜道"从何说起?"大救驾"是什么意思?安徽的寿县古城会给出答案。这个位于淮河南岸,淝水东北的淮南小县城,知道的人不多,专程来的人就更少。但谙熟中国通史的人,提起寿县的大名,却是如雷贯耳。寿县有着4000多年的历史,是楚文化的发源地,