ON THE ORIGIN OF STAMPED AMPHORAE FROM THRACE (BULGARIA)

Summary.   The contents of 25 elements in 74 stamped (and some unstamped) amphora finds from nine Thracian sites in Bulgaria dated to the fifth–third century BC have been determined using INAA. The samples investigated were grouped by cluster analysis on the basis of the similarity in their chemical composition. The chemical profiles of the 16 clusters formed were determined and common production centres for some of the stamped amphorae are identified.     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROVENANCE OF THE ROMAN AMPHORA CARGO FROM THE PLEMMIRIO B SHIPWRECK

Eighty-six Roman amphora sherds from the Plemmirio B shipwreck, off Sicily, have been analysed by neutron activation analysis. A large group representative of the amphora cargo, mainly of forms Africana 1 and Africana 2A (from the area of modern Tunisia), was subsequently defined. No differences between Africana 1 and Africana 2A samples were observed, thus implying a similar origin for both forms. The provenance of this cargo group was then investigated by comparison with a Roman amphora kiln data base. After elimination of the more mobile elements it was shown that the cargo amphorae were more likely to have been manufactured at kilns around Sullecthum rather than Leptis Minor. The analytical conclusions are thoroughly consistent with the known archaeological information.     

THE ORIGIN OF THE PICTORIAL KRATER FROM THE ‘MYCENAEAN’ TOMB AT TEL DAN

A Late Bronze Age Mycenaean pictorial krater, decorated with a chariot procession, from tomb 387 at Tel Dan, Israel, was examined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The origin of the krater is placed in the Argolid, very likely in the region of Mycenae or Berbati.     

OLYNTHUS MILLSTONES IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT: THE BACKDROP TO THE MARITIME TRADE OF OLYNTHUS MILLSTONES

Abstract

This article aims to illustrate the background behind the maritime trade of Olynthus-type millstones in the eastern Mediterranean region. A look at the distribution of southern Aegean Olynthus millstones, whose provenances were identified by Williams-Thorpe and Thorpe’s petrographic analysis, reveals that millstones were not a major import into the southern Levant, where local Olynthus millstones were produced and distributed. They were more frequent in Cyprus, where they were valued locally due to the dearth of stones appropriate for use as millstones. The analysis of Williams-Thorpe and Thorpe also suggests that southern Levantine millstones, in contrast to millstones from earlier and later periods, were not exported to other Mediterranean regions. Shipwreck remains from the eastern Mediterranean, as well as the distribution of commercial Rhodian amphorae, reveal that Rhodian merchants carried wine and millstones from the southern Aegean to Cyprus. The southern Levant, where a number of locally produced Olynthus mills were unearthed, was self-sufficient in millstones. Hence, the Rhodian merchants, who dominated eastern Mediterranean trade, used the southern Aegean millstones as saleable ballast.     

A NOTE ON AN IRON AGE FOUR-HORNED ALTAR FROM TEL DOTHAN

Abstract

In a recent visit to the site of Tel Dothan the top of a four-horned stone altar of Iron Age type was unexpectedly observed among the structural remains exposed by Joseph P. Free in Area L of his excavations of the late 1950s. Owing to the location of this find within a well-dated building complex (labelled ‘House 14 ’) it can be dated with some certainty to the early Iron Age IIa, i.e. to the 9^th century BCE. Dated four-horned stone altars from this period from the northern Kingdom of Israel are extremely rare. ‘House 14 ’ was identified by the excavators as an ‘administrative building,’ but we suggest it probably had a primary cultic function.     

A STAMPED IMPRESSION ON THE RIM OF A MB II STORAGE JAR

Abstract

The scarab impression on the rim of a Middle Bronze II storage jar is the first of its kind to be discovered in Israel. The pattern on the impression appears on scarabs of the period. The unusual location of the impression may point to a special content of the jar, or alternatively to the owner of this pot. Once the context of the storage jar rim is studied, it may shed some light on the possible association of this jar with the scarab impression on its rim.     

HELLENISTIC ARCHITECTURE IN JAFFA: THE 2009 EXCAVATIONS OF THE JAFFA CULTURAL HERITAGE PROJECT IN THE VISITOR'S CENTRE

Abstract

In 2009 the Jaffa Cultural Heritage Project undertook a pilot-project excavation within the soon-to-be-renovated visitor's centre in Qedumim Square. These excavations were intended to clarify stratigraphic questions within area C of Jacob Kaplan's excavations (1961, 1965) and to lay the groundwork for future excavations by the project which was founded in 2007 as a partnership between UCLA and the Israel Antiquities Authority. Along with achieving these goals, the excavations exposed one of the best preserved examples of Hellenistic architecture in the southern Levant and confirmed the employment of a Hippodamian-style town plan from as early as the late Persian period.     

A SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION ON THE PROVENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF A BLACK‐FIGURE AMPHORA ATTRIBUTED TO THE PRIAM GROUP*

The restoration of a Greek black‐figure amphora provided an opportunity to study the provenance and production technology of the vase. The composition of the ceramic body, determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES), matches that of Attic products. Investigation by X‐ray diffraction and reflectance spectroscopy suggests a maximum firing temperature around 900°C and a body re‐oxidation temperature around 800°C, respectively. The morphology and composition of black, red and dark red surface areas were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray energy‐dispersive analysis; the black areas show the features of a typical well‐vitrified black gloss, while the red areas were most probably obtained by simple burnishing of the body; the dark red additions, on the other hand, are the likely result of a partial re‐oxidation of a clay–ochre mixture.     

统计视角下的旅游业思考

从统计视角来界定旅游概念是旅游研究中达成共识的一种可行选择。本文以统计为视角,对旅游的基本概念进行了分析并对这一概念的优缺点进行了说明。然后从中国旅游统计的基本情况、主要特点、面临的困难、旅游卫星账户以及中国旅游统计发展的大体思路等几个方面对中国旅游业的测度进行了阐释。最后,从统计视角出发,对旅游研究中的一些错误观点进行了纠正。     

旅行的意义:大众旅游者自我发展的视角

旅游已成为个体寻求自我发展的一种手段。本文以大众旅游者个体为研究对象,探索旅游对旅游者自我发展的影响及其作用机制。研究运用扎根理论研究方法,对所搜集的资料逐级编码、概念化和范畴化,发现大众旅游者自我认知的变化具有普遍性,构建了旅游者情境自我发展过程的框架,最终得到核心范畴——旅游者自我发展。研究发现,旅游者在旅游过程中或结束后对自我的内省能够促进自我发展;影响旅游者内省行为的两条路径分别是情绪过程和意志过程;情绪过程受到旅游者对旅游情境因素的知觉和出游动机的双重影响;意志过程主要受旅游者出游动机的影响。     

试析冷战后美俄地缘政治空间竞争

冷战结束以来,美俄间以主权国家利益为核心的地缘政治竞争一直在进行着。美俄间的地缘政治空间之争主要表现在美国主导下的北约东扩和在独联体地区的渗透。而俄罗斯为了防止其在欧亚大陆战略生存空间被挤压和近邻地区被分化,采取了一系列的反对、抵制措施,以防地缘政治空间被进一步削弱并力图为俄罗斯未来重新崛起保留一定的地缘政治空间。作为战略博弈优势方的美国的地缘政治政策主导着美俄关系演进的进程和张力。     

从悖论浅议人地关系中的人性内涵

从哲学意义上说,不先研究人的秘密而想洞察自然的秘密那是根本不可能的。因此,有必要从人的"二律背反"本性内涵的表现出发去探寻人与地的关系。在探讨和分析了人地关系中人性内涵特征的基础上,从文化人与地的关系、人类自身的矛盾性、生存态度所决定的人性特征、忽略人性研究的严重后果等4个方面认知了人地关系中的人性内涵。最后在分析了技术与人性相互作用的前提下,指出了人性的本质内涵是内省式的"自己创造自己",而不是在对"地"的无限度索取中迷失自我,并提出人性内涵重新塑造和回归的设想。     

从自然主义到结构主义:地缘政治学方法论演变

本文透过地缘政治理论中各种具体的解释方法,对不同时期地缘政治学进行方法论特征的考察,发现地缘政治理论的发展经历了从自然主义模式、空间-权力关系模式到结构主义模式的演变。结构主义模式是当代地缘政治理论的重要方法论特征,与其它模式相比,表现出较好的解释能力。对地缘政治学方法论演变的历史考察,有助于我们思考未来地缘政治理论建设的趋向,其中以行为体为主体的新地缘政治结构理论建设是地缘政治理论方法论创新的重要选择。     

旅游地理视角下记忆研究的进展与启示

记忆是当前西方人文社会科学的重要研究领域,同时也是一个跨学科的概念。记忆与时间和空间密不可分,随着20世纪90年代以来"旅游潮"和"记忆转向"的兴起,记忆研究日益成为中西方旅游地理研究者的关注领域。本文通过对人文地理学中旅游相关研究中的记忆议题和研究方法的梳理,从记忆、物质景观与地方意义的感知,记忆、仪式与身份认同,以及旅游者的情感体验与地方建构三个方面进行分析,以期展现充满文化、社会、政治乃至经济内涵的记忆地理问题发展脉络及独特意义,为国内旅游地理学开拓新的研究视野。     

基于文化地理学视角的秦腔文化起源与扩散

秦腔起源于古代陕甘一带民间歌舞,流行于陕、甘、青、宁、新等地。本文从文化地理学的角度,采用文化扩散和整合的思维着重分析了秦腔文化形成的自然地理与社会原因,系统探讨了不同时期和地区秦腔文化的扩散类型、传播路径与整合特征。结果认为,秦腔文化扩散的主要方式是人口迁移与艺人游走,特点是多级化。秦腔文化景观反映当地发展史,是多种地域文化要素相互作用的产物,传播时的屏障作用具有正负双重影响。未来秦腔文化的发展要根植于群众并植入现代元素,以实现秦腔文化新的繁荣。     

RESEARCH ON THE PIGMENTS FROM PAINTED CERAMICS EXCAVATED FROM THE YANGQIAOPAN TOMBS OF THE LATE HAN DYNASTY (48 BC – AD 25)

The analysis of pigments on painted ceramics excavated from the Yangqiaopan Tombs of the late Western Han Dynasty was undertaken using optical microscopy (OM), micro‐Raman spectroscopy (μ‐RS), scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR). The pigments were identified as red lead (Pb₃O₄), carbon (C), malachite [Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂], Chinese purple (BaCuSi₂O₆) and illite {[K,H₃O]Al₂Si₃AlO₁₀(OH)₂}. Fibrous materials were observed in some pigment samples. When observed by SEM, one showed a large amount of fibre in solidified gum, which indicated that gum of ramie could have been used as the binding medium to make the pigment particles adhere together. These results provide significant insights into the characteristics of these pigments in the Qin and Han Dynasties.     

结构主义视角下民族旅游村寨地方性建构动力机制解析——以石林大糯黑村为例

从结构主义视角来看,地方性建构受到了结构性动力与非结构性动力的影响。其中结构性动力主要源自国家政策、制度安排、工业化、信息化、现代化、全球化与旅游化浪潮;非结构性动力主要来自社区精英、外来人员、民间组织机构、空间及族群关系的紧密程度。研究以此为基础,对昆明市石林县圭山镇大糯黑彝族村寨地方性建构的各动力要素进行了进一步阐释。研究显示：各级政府政策与资金的积极支持、石林景区及周边的旅游发展为其带来切实收益、社区精英的引领作用、艺术家的审美创作以及较小的空间尺度和紧密的族群联系等对糯黑地方性的维持和建构起到了关键作用。政府“自上而下”的支持力与民众“自下而上”的自发行为力这两股力量的耦合是村寨地方景观与民族文化得以良性传承的关键。     

社会空间视角下全域旅游空间正义性解读

以往学术界对旅游产业和旅游行为的空间认知,多从物质空间视角出发而忽视了其社会属性,导致在产业自身发展受限的同时,也引发了一系列社会、文化和生态问题。本文借助社会空间思想对全域旅游进行文本解读认为：全域旅游在物质空间上从“景区”拓展到“全域”;在抽象空间上结合产业发展、市场需求、旅游活动和社会影响等方面的特征强调社会关联性;在社会实践中将物质和抽象空间统一于社区居民的生活空间中,具有理论上的合理性。因此,全域旅游从社会空间视角定位我国旅游发展问题,将区域可持续发展、社会空间公正和居民生活质量的提升作为最终落脚点和价值诉求,不仅在理论上具有指导性,而且还体现了社会主义国家对空间人本价值和社会公正的追求。