Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Variability of Bone Collagen to Determine the Number of Isotopically Distinct Specimens

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory - Archaeological and palaeontological excavations frequently produce large quantities of highly fragmentary bone. These bones can help to answer...     

楼兰简纸文书西晋纪年中断始末

自曹魏以来,楼兰文书一直行用中原纪年,却于晋武帝泰始六年(270)中断。根据楼兰简纸文书、元康三年(293)苻信简等出土资料,结合传世文献,作者认为学界已有树机能叛乱使纪年中断的观点恐不能成立,苻信简透露出西部鲜卑南下滋扰,西晋为此采取了收缩政策。张轨刺凉后,彻底肃清了河西寇乱,重建了楼兰的屯戍,楼兰文书得以再现西晋正朔。     

外语原版书的使用问题——以日本古代文学的近代"经典形成"为例

在外语教学过程中,外国人以母语所编写的原版书籍往往被认定为最正宗、最正确的语言教学用书而备受推崇,而且不仅限于以语法知识为中心的教材,甚至包括了以意识形态为内核的史书等。这种情况非常不利于国民的培养以及民族国家的建设。     

Correction to: Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Variability of Bone Collagen to Determine the Number of Isotopically Distinct Specimens

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory -     

Isolation and Isotopic Analysis of Individual Amino Acids from Archaeological Bone Collagen: A New Method Using Rp‐hplc

This paper presents a new method for the isolation and isotopic analysis of some individual amino acids from proteins. The technique and its constituent steps are discussed; then isotopic analyses of amino acids from several samples of bone collagen from the Late Roman site of Poundbury, Dorset, UK are presented. The applications of the method are discussed, as well as some advantages of this technique relative to other methods. Although developed for use with archaeological bone collagen, the technique is equally applicable to other proteinaceous materials. The use of reversed‐phase HPLC avoids problems of isotopic fractionation inherent in using ion‐exchange HPLC. Amino acids are isolated preparatively, allowing both carbon and nitrogen isotopic values to be measured on a single sample using CF‐IRMS. Since amino acids are isotopically analysed in an underivatized form (unlike GC‐C‐IRMS), the method also presents the possibility of collecting the CO₂ generated during CF‐IRMS: this would allow the subsequent dating by ¹⁴C‐AMS of individual amino acids isolated from archaeological samples.     

苏州状元谶背后的环境变迁

自宋代以来,苏州地区长期流传着"潮过夷亭出状元"的谶语,并且屡有应验。这一文化现象虽是地域文化发展的结果,但也有着深刻的环境变迁背景,它较为精确地反映了娄江水利形势的历史变迁。在文献丰富的江南地区,类似材料亦不少见,显然,深入发掘、利用此类文献材料,将有利于历史环境变迁的研究。     

贾湖骨笛复原新技术研究

贾湖骨笛是迄今为止我国历史上最早、形态完整、现今仍可演奏的吹管乐器,是9000～7500年前中国古代科技文明最重要的实物载体之一。由于骨笛经历数千年的埋藏,出土时多数已经破损。如何对破损的贾湖骨笛进行精确复制,是学界急待解决的难题。我们巧妙地利用CT扫描、数据处理、三维模型重建、虚拟复原与激光快速成型技术,复原出与M494:2号骨笛实物十分接近复原品。这种利用计算机虚拟修复的思想与技术为破损贾湖骨笛的复原开辟了一条新的技术途径。     

汉长安城遗址出土骨签名物和用法再议

汉长安城遗址出土的骨签是研究汉代工官制度的重要资料,关于其性质,学界还有不同的争论。本文主要探讨了骨签的性质,认为骨签的正式名称应该为“揭”,并对骨签的用法进行了阐述。     

技术视角下西方骨器研究的理论与实践

骨器是以骨、角、牙、蚌为原料,运用多种技术制作而成的副产品、工具和装饰品.近年来,在石器研究的影响下,西方骨器研究经历了四个逐渐发展完善的阶段,并在骨原料生物力学特性、埋藏学、操作链和时空分布模式等理论基础上,通过多学科相结合的分析方法和技术手段进行骨料选择和利用、功能分析、象征意义、特殊组合等多方面的研究,从经济和社会双重维度复原古代社会.相比之下,中西方骨器研究层次存在较大差异,要从传统研究和技术分析相结合的角度探索中国骨器研究的独特范式.     

Bone Modifications Resulting from Captive Chimpanzee Mastication: Implications for the Interpretation of Pliocene Archaeological Faunas

In order to obtain chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) mastication damage on bones, cleaned, disarticulated ribs and long bones of bovids and cervids were coated with food substances found palatable by captive chimpanzees. The bones were then presented to four groups of mixed sex and mixed age chimpanzees from the Tulsa Zoo (Oklahoma) and the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (San Antonio, Texas). In the process of feeding on the coated bones, the chimpanzees inflicted discernible mastication damage on 73·61% of the total recovered bone specimens. Analysis of these chimpanzee-induced bone modifications reveals that non-technological hominoids of the same approximate size and with comparable dentition and bite force to the gracile australopithecines and earliestHomoare very capable of inflicting the same range and degree of damage to bones as are feeding carnivores. This finding implies that zooarchaeologists must take a contextual (configurational) approach when analysing mastication damage on arch-aeological bones, rather than automatically attributing all such damage to carnivores.     

Estimation of the Production Parameters of Very Large Medieval Bricks from St. Urban,Switzerland

The aim of the present study is to determine the production technology of a particular type of large medieval brick. The firing temperature and their soak times are estimated using a combination of colour and fabric, as well as mineralogical, microstructural and open porosity analysis. A replication experiment was carried out in order to validate the estimated predictions, and to give a realistic idea of the time needed to dry and fire each large brick. The experiment also suggests the temperature distribution and firing atmosphere in the kiln, as well as providing an estimate of fuel consumption. Analytical results and replication both provide information to assess the production technology, the time parameters and the firing temperatures involved in the production of the medieval bricks of St. Urban.     

光环之下的个体世界:一战山东籍华工应募动因考述

论文分析了一战中山东籍华工应募的社会因素和内在动机。认为由人地矛盾、资源紧张造成的生存压力与英、法招募开出的各种工资收入、生活待遇等等,是构成华工应募与否的外在条件,但这些条件能否起作用,具有多大程度上的效力,还要取决于华工的内心想法,取决于他们的内在动机,特别是取决于一定的心理结构。从华工出国前的痛苦感受、责任驱使、矛盾抉择、毅然决然等心情表达和行为表现看,家庭和家乡情怀是他们的核心价值所在,也是他们做出出国决定的动力所在。英浸会、圣公会在山东地区传教30多年,构筑出一个有影响的社会网络,他们在华工招募中出于宗教基础的人文关怀与宣传方式,对于山东地区的华工招募起着重要作用。     

孟姜女传说在唐及五代的流传——基于敦煌写本的几点再探索

敦煌写本有关孟姜女传说内容的卷子,被认为是孟姜女传说在唐五代时期由杞梁妻传说演变成型的重要文本证据。但敦煌写本相关内容的卷予共有9个,其中散韵相间文体的5个,全部是阙题残卷,都被校录、研究者一概拟题、称名为“孟姜女变文”,缺乏依据;通俗歌辞体裁的卷子4个,得“捣练子”10首,都被校录、研究者拟题、称名为“捣练子·孟姜女”、“孟姜女小唱”等,是以偏概全。事实上,当时的孟姜女传说,流行的是多个“版本”,就连主人公的名字也同时并存着“杞梁妻”、“孟姜女”、“姜女”等多种。这样的“不统一”,才是孟姜女传说故事传承的生态原貌。     

河南焦作出土的汉代简式陶仓楼

焦作市出土的简式陶仓楼明显地反映了焦作地区出土的陶仓楼从豪华走向简易,从繁荣走向衰退的过程。简式陶仓楼的出土,为研究东汉中晚期的社会经济、建筑结构、丧葬习俗提供了宝贵的实物资料。     

十四至十七世纪中朝官式建筑大木做法若干问题研究

本文通过对14—17世纪中国明朝官式建筑与约略同时期的朝鲜李朝建筑在大木技术上的比较研究,尤其是对典型建筑中大木作的分析比较后发现,朝鲜李朝建筑与中国明朝官式建筑,特别是山东曲阜地区建筑在木构技术上有许多相似之处。这一方面是由于李朝与明朝在历史上一直有着密切联系和相互交流;另一方面,李朝时期的统治者十分尊崇儒家学说,朝鲜半岛在地理上又与中国山东地区十分接近,海上交流频繁,在建筑领域也有许多共同之处。本文力图通过对两国木结构建筑之大木构架特征及其发展规律的研究,剖析二者的异同及其形成原因,并藉此为比较研究提供新的视角与切入点。     

磁州窑系瓷枕制作工艺初探

陶瓷枕是磁州窑产品中最具特色且别于其他窑系的重要品种之一.有关瓷枕的成型工艺,大部分文章都是一语带过,于文荣[1]与张子英[2]曾经有过相应的论述,其中于文相对详细,为进一步探讨瓷枕的成型工艺提供了有益思路.本文将以西汉南越王博物馆所藏磁州窑系瓷枕[3](图一、二)为例,试图从器物本身及结合陶瓷工艺学原理[4]来详细探讨瓷枕的成型工艺.     

汉长安城未央宫遗址出土骨签之名物考

汉长安城未央宫遗址等地出土的刻字骨签,是近年来汉代考古的重要发现④。刘庆柱、李毓芳、吴荣曾、赵化成、李均明、刘振东、张建锋等先生曾分别对骨签的命名、性质、用途、年代及其刻文所见工官、书法等相关问题进行了细致地研究和探讨,多有建树,丰富了我们对于汉代历史文化的认知。笔者拟在各位前辈研究的基础上,结合对各地出土弓、弩材料的分析,就未央宫遗址出土骨签的名实、器用之性质以及相关问题,谈一些看法,不妥之处,敬请教正。