Alan Wilson – contributions to research on population and migration

ABSTRACT

This article reviews Alan Wilson's research on population and migration in the 1970s and the 2010s, which supplements his principal contribution - mathematical modelling of urban and regional systems. In the 1970s, drawing on input-output models of economies and working with Philip Rees, Wilson established the accounting basis for Andrei Rogers' multi-regional projection model, adding international migration. Innovative methods were developed to complete demographic accounts, where there were data gaps. In the 2010s, working with Adam Dennett, Wilson systematized methods for estimating migration flows between regions in Europe, employing his family of spatial interaction models. The key aim of both research strands was to ensure that no information was ignored to ensure consistency in population and migration models. The influence of Wilson's contributions to research on population and migration is traced through a survey of subsequent research.     

The Kingdom of Geshur in History and Memory

ABSTRACT

The article re-examines the biblical, extra-biblical and archaeo-logical sources for the history of Geshur and the way it was memorialized in biblical texts. It demonstrates that archaeological research is the key to estab-lishing the location of the kingdom's capital, its territory, population, econo-my and commercial relations. The written sources complement and corrobo-rate the archaeological data. Evidently―contrary to the conclusions reached in a recently published article―we know quite a lot about this marginal Aramean kingdom.

Geshur was located on the northern border of the Kingdom of Israel, far away from Jerusalem; and yet late Judahite scribes, who operated hundreds of years after it disappeared from the political arena, still remembered that it was a separate entity, on par with Maacah, and different from all other neighbour-ing districts enumerated side by side with it. What was unclear to the scribes is the geographical reality in the far north. Hence, their geographical depic-tion of Geshur's (and Maacah's) location was inaccurate.     

A review of archaeological research on sami prehistory

Abstract

The English botanist and gardener John Tradescant the Elder's diary from a voyage to northern Russia in 1618 has lately attracted attention as a potential source on early Russian sea mammal hunting on the Svalbard archipelago. This article examines the usefulness of Tradescant's diary in this respect, but comes to a negative conclusion.     

Seventeenth‐ and eighteenth‐century commentators on the chemical composition of the brain

Abstract

The period between 1600 and 1800 was one of great change in the history of science, generally, and in the history of chemistry, specifically. It opened with Francis Bacon's visionary recognition of the benefits to mankind that would accrue from the expansion of scientia and closed with the overthrow of the phlogiston hypothesis. New chemical knowledge resulted from the efforts of the alchemists, especially the Paracelsians, and of the phlogistic philosophers, some of it recorded by writers of magic books (Thorndike, 1958; Camporesi, 1989). The authors of these works reflected ‘the general mentality… imbued with magic, occult beliefs, unreal suggestions, ‘voices’, and ‘rumours’, … ‘errors’ and ‘prejudices’.‘ In respect to brain chemistry there appeared, beside the fantastic, elements of fact that characterise this period as embracing the ‘pre‐history’ of neurochemistry.     

Beyond Bukhara: Trade,identity and interregional exchange across Asia

ABSTRACT

This article explores the nature of inter-Asian trade dynamics through a consideration of the role played by traders from northern Afghanistan’s Central Asian borderlands in the Chinese international trade city of Yiwu. It explores the role that traders from this region have played in commercial exchanges involving China, the Arabian Peninsula and a range of settings in West Asia. In addition to documenting the inter-Asian scope of these traders’ activities, the article also addresses the shifting nature of their identity formations in relationship to successive waves of migration. The traders often identify themselves in relationship to ethno-national identity categories (Turkmen, Uzbek and Tajik) that are politically salient in Central Asia and Afghanistan today. At the same time, the traders also emphasise their being from families that migrated from the territories of the Emirate of Bukhara during the early years of communist rule in the 1920s and 1930s.     

A Better Savage than the Savages: Thor Heyerdahl's Early Ethnographical Attempts and their Importance for the Development of the ‘Kon-Tiki Theory’

ABSTRACT

In this paper Thor Heyerdahl's early attempts at ethnography and his first contact with Polynesian archaeology are discussed. It is argued that Heyerdahl, prior to his first Pacific expedition to the Marquesas Islands in 1937, carried with him a romanticized perception of the Polynesian people, imagining them to be the last living ‘natural men’. This perception was shattered during his expedition, and the disappointing contrast between the imagined reality and the lived reality led Heyerdahl to separate the contemporary Polynesian population from the Polynesian archaeological record. It is further argued that this separation between contemporary Polynesians and the Polynesian archaeological record would form the foundation for the dual migration wave hypothesis Heyerdahl later launched with his ‘Kon-Tiki theory’.     

The Legacy of Bernard Narokobi and the Melanesian Way

ABSTRACT

This special issue on the life and legacy of Bernard Narokobi documents and contextualizes Narokobi's life and thought. A central figure in Papua New Guinea's transition from Australian territory to independent nation, Narokobi was a jurist, philosopher, and poet who is best remembered for making ‘the Melanesian Way’ an important theme – if not the guiding ideological principle – in the discourse of independence in Papua New Guinea. In looking closely at Narokobi's biography, the collection also contributes to a growing body of work on political life writing in the Pacific. The collection speaks to Narokobi's role as a theorist of Oceanic modernity more broadly, one who deserves a place alongside two other important philosophers of Pacific independence, Epeli Hau‘ofa and Jean-Marie Tjibaou, as one of the main visionaries of Pacific decolonization and Oceanic modernity of the post-war period.     

Englishmen,Scots and Marchers: National and Local Identities in Thomas Gray's Scalacronica

Abstract

The abortive Wakefield Plot of March 1541 against Henry VIII was followed by a massive — and armed — royal progress to the North that summer. Historians have, however, tended to see the progress as being more concerned with a projected meeting between Henry and James V of Scotland at York. This article re-examines both the Wakefield Plot and the progress. It argues the Plot did indeed present great danger to Henry VIII. It was well planned, involved unprecedented inter-class collaboration, and envisaged a bloody conflict to overthrow the 'tyrant' Henry. It also envisaged aid from the Scots, with whom the conspirators may have had links. The Plot is set in the context of serious discontent about taxation in early 1541, and severe local economic problems in Yorkshire. The progress bound the northern elites to the King through a succession of choreographed supplications from the northern gentry and yeomen. Despite serious fears that the progress might meet trouble in the North, it succeeded in pacifying the region. Meanwhile, the possibility of a meeting with James at York emerged only during the progress, and James's failure to appear was of little importance in the slide to war between England and Scotland in 1542.     

Lost priests in ancient Mangaia

Abstract

Politics and religion in Polynesia are one and same, both concerned with appropriating and controlling sources of mana. William Wyatt Gill collected priestly lists from various Mangaians, but only published those from the reigning ariki, Nūmangātini. The lists show significant variations, suggesting that some priests disappeared partly because of their gender, but more especially due to political considerations, notably rival claims to legitimacy and authority among the various lineages and kin groups who competed for these titles. These variations highlight how particular accounts make different claims on the past, and how the Christian missions minimised the significance of sacred women who possessed great mana. By publishing Nūmangātini's version, Gill fits the missionary preference for supporting the political establishment, and echoes New Zealand's Stephenson Percy Smith, who embraced Hoani Te Whatahoro Jury's interpretation of the Māori migration, thereby marginalising knowledge claims of others.     

ANDREW HILL CLARK 1911–1975

ABSTRACT

The satire of Thomas Haliburton has generally been considered as highly ambiguous. The inability of critics to find a consistent social norm in his work is partly the result of their failure to read his satire in context with his historical writing. This paper examines the character of the Yankee clock peddler, Sam Slick, in light of Haliburton's later statements about American society published in The Rule and Misrule of the English in America.

In Rule and Misrule, Haliburton started from the premise that American Republicanism began with the Puritan experiment in New England. This experiment was unique in the world's history, and it almost worked because the people involved were both rural and moral. The American Revolution, however, began a movement away from the pre-revolutionary values, and the resulting decline in religious and social values indicated to Haliburton that American Republicanism was headed for the despotic conclusion which other republican models in Europe had evidenced.

Sam Slick, in The Clockmaker, may be viewed as the post-revolutionary Yankee who is losing touch with the old pre-revolutionary moral vision. Sam's inability to balance precept with action leads to a basically immoral attitude. For Haliburton, the centre holds the key to proper moral response. Aspiration must be balanced by action. Thus the irony of The Clockmaker works through a juxtaposition of ideal and action, a juxtaposition which Sam is unable to keep in tension. In contrast to Sam, the Squire and the Reverend Mr. Hopewell affirm the values of a Tory social order, an order which offers humanity true social equality and sound moral vision.     

Qumran Textiles in the Palestine Exploration Fund,London: Radiocarbon Dating Results

Abstract

Three pieces of fabric from Qumran's Cave 1 have been stored in the Palestine Exploration Fund collection since the 1960s but have hitherto never been tested or re-examined. The fabric is made of linen, and was probably used for wrapping or packing scrolls, or sealing jars. New radiocarbon dating on one piece of fabric indicated a probability of 55% for it being made between 1 and 55 A.D., and a probability of 95.4% that it was made between 50 cal B.C.–80 cal A.D.     

Teresa de Ávila: Portrait of the saint as a young woman

ABSTRACT

Teresa de Jesús (known as Teresa de Ávila in the English-speaking world) began life in a comfortable, merchant-class family. The daughter and granddaughter of conversos, she was one of twelve children (two from the first marriage of Don Alonso de Cepeda, Teresa's father, and ten from the second). She received a good education for a girl of her period and class, probably learning to read and write from parents and tutors, and then studying at a convent boarding school. She undoubtedly learned the importance of letter writing from her father, as business in early modern Europe was conducted largely through correspondence. Although traditional biographers paint a romanticized view of Teresa's girlhood, a careful reading of her Vida, letters, and other documents reveals that there were many strains on the Cedepa-Ahumada household. Among the causes were the Cepedas' deteriorating financial situation, societal pressures on conversos, the death of Teresa's mother, tensions among the siblings, the departure of Teresa's brothers for the New World, and Teresa's illness.     

Shakespeare in the Original Klingon: Star Trek and the End of History

Abstract

Maisel, L. Sandy, ed. The Parties Respond: Changes in the American Party System Boulder, CO: Westview Press 363 pp., $50.00, ISBN 0–8133–0881-X Publication Date: October 1990

Jelen, Ted G. The Political Mobilization of Religious Beliefs New York: Praeger 208 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0–275–93439-X Publication Date: March 1991

Seiden, Martin H. Access to the American Mind: The Damaging Impact of the New Mass Media New York: Shapolsky 232 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0–944007–71–6 Publication Date: May 1991

DeMott, Benjamin The Imperial Middle: Why American Can't Think Straight about Class New York: William Morrow and Company 264 pp., $18.95, ISBN 1–55710–023–3 Publication Date: October 1990

Alexander, Yonah and Richard Latter, eds. Terrorism and the Media: Dilemmas for Government, Journalists and the Public McLean, VA: Brassey's 147 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0–08–037442–5 Publication Date: December 1990

Manheim, Jarol B. All of the People All of the Time: Strategic Communication and American Politics Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 255 pp., $25.00, ISBN 0–87332–796–9 Publication Date: March 1991

Johnson, Haynes Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years New York: W. W. Norton 500 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0–393–02937–9 Publication Date: March 1991

Heale, M. J. American Anticommunism: Combating the Enemy Within, 1830–1970 Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press 235 pp., $10.95, ISBN 0–8018–4051–1 Publication Date: November 1990

Hoeveler, J. David, Jr. Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press 333 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0–299–12810–5 Publication Date: April 1991

Heale, M. J. American Anticemmualsm: Combating the Enermy Within, 1930–1970 Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press 235 pp., $10.95, ISBN 08018–4051–1 Publications Date: November 1990

Kellerman, Barbara and Ryan J. Barilleaux The President as World Leader New York: St. Martin's Press 225 pp., ISBN 0–312–03603–5 Publication Date: 1991

Stephenson, D. Grier, Jr., ed.An Essential Safeguard: Essays on the United States Supreme Court and Its Justices Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 192 pp., $42.95, ISBN 0–313–27438-X Publication Date: March 1991

Koocher, Gerald P. and Patricia C. Keith-Spiegel Children, Ethics, and the Law: Professional Issues and Cases Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press 230 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0–8032–4731–1 Publication Date: September 1990

Darling, Arthur B. The Central Intelligence Agency: An Instrument of Government, to 1950 University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press 509 pp., $17.50, ISBN 0–271–00717–6 Publication Date: November 1990

Marston, David W. Malice Aforethought: How Lawyers Use Our Secret Rules to Get Rich, Get Sex, Get Even … and Get Away With It New York: William Morrow and Company 264 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0–688–07705–6 Publication Date: March 1991

Sutter, Robert G. The Cambodian Crisis and U.S. Policy Dilemmas Boulder, CO: Westview Press 135 pp., $22.50, ISBN 0–8133–8047–2 Publication Date: December 1990

Lowenthal, Abraham F., ed. Exporting Democracy: The United States and Latin America Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press 422 pp., $55.00, ISBN 0–8018–4131–3 Publication Date: April 1991

Koster, R. M. and Guillermo Sánchez In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990 New York: W. W. Norton 448 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0–393–02696–5 Publication Date: October 1990

Morales-Gómez, Daniel A. and Carlos Alberto Torres The State, Corporatists Politics, and Educational Policy Making in Mexico New York: Praeger 197 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0–275–93484–5 Publication Date: 1990

Mitchell, R. Judson Getting to the Top: Cyclical Patterns in the Leadership Succession Process Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press 237 pp., $23.95, ISBN 0–8179–8922–6 Publication Date: 1990

Brown, J. F. Surge to Freedom: The End of Communist Rule in Eastern Europe Durham, NC: Duke University Press 338 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0–8223–1145–3 Publication Date: May 1991

Peters, B. Guy European Politics Reconsidered New York: Holmes &; Meier 293 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0–8419–1161–4 Publication Date: February 1991

Freedman, Robert O., ed. The Middle East from the Iran-Contra Affair to the Intifada Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press 441 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0–8156–2502–2 Publication Date: February 1991

Lee, Manwoo The Odyssey of Korean Democracy: Korean Politics, 1987–1990 New York: Praeger 184 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0–275–93660–0 Publication Date: September 1990

Menashri, David, ed. The Iranlan Revolution and the Muslim World Boulder, CO: Westview Press 282 pp., $32.00, ISBN 0–8133–7751-X Publication Date: November 1990

Genther, Phyllis A. A History of Japan's Government-Business Relationship: The Passenger Car Industry Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan 242 pp., $14.95, ISBN 0–939512–40–8 Publication Date: 1990

Liska, George The Ways of Power New York: Basil Blackwell 511 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0–631–17188–6 Publication Date: 1990

Kimmel, Michael S. Revolution: A Sociological Interpretation Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press 252 pp., $44.95 cloth, $15.95 paper ISBN 0–87722–736–3 cloth ISBN 0–87722–741–1 paper Publication Date: December 1990

Freedman, Lawrence, ed. Europe Transformed: Documents on the End of the Cold War New York: St. Martin's Press 512 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0–312–05225–1 Publication Date: October 1990

Kinney, Douglas National Interest/National Honor: The Diplomacy of the Falklands Crisis New York: Praeger 372 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0–275–92425–4 Publication Date: 1989

Lodge, Juliet, ed. The 1989 Election of the European Parliament New York: St. Martin's Press 249 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0–312–04494–1 Publication Date: September 1990

Strom, Kaare Minority Government and Majority Rule New York: Cambridge University Press 293 pp., $39.50, ISBN 0–521–37431–6 Publication Date: July 1990

Scharpe, Fritz W., trans, by Ruth Crowley and Fred Thompson Crisis and Choice in European Social Democracy Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 303 pp., $49.95 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0–8014–2221–3 paper Publication Date: May 1991

Smart, Paul Mill and Marx: Individual Liberty and the Roads to Freedom New York: St. Martin's Press 202 pp., ISBN 0–7190–3333–0 Publication Date: 1991

Maxwell, Kenneth, ed. Spanish Foreign and Defense Policy Boulder, CO: Westview Press 265 pp., $31.50, ISBN 0–8133–1113–6 Publication Date: May 1991

Derogy, Jacques Resistance &; Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction 206 pp., ISBN 0–88738–338–6 Publication Date: 1990

Procter, David E. Enacting Political Culture: Rhetorical Transformations of Liberty Weekend 1986 New York: Praeger 144 pp., $37.95, ISBN 0–275–93489–6 Publication Date: October 1990     

Estate youth and complicated migration in Malaysia's oil palm plantations: the emotions of leaving and connecting back

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the emotional relationship young Tamil Indians have with oil palm plantations they are leaving behind or have left behind. Working in a small town in Malaysia, as well as in a large estate, we show how communal and individual aspirations of migration shape young people's mobility. While young people recognize the poverty and marginalization of plantation life, they continue to be emotionally and affectually connected to plantations through socio-cultural and spiritual practices. Post-migration we show how youth maintain estate connections, and argue that the pull back towards plantations is contrary to state-sponsored ideologies of modernization. Not all young people feel the same pull; many try to distance themselves from their estate roots through consumption and other social practices. Responding to calls for researchers emotions to be present in youth research, the paper also briefly reflects how adult emotions shape our understanding of young people's emotions of migration.     

Preservation of and Access to South Seas Photographs

In August 2001, in a constitutional reform of potentially far-reaching consequences, Papua New Guinea's parliament voted to change the country's electoral system. As a result of this decision, all elections held after 2002 will be conducted under a system of preferential voting. A similar system was used for Papua New Guinea's first three elections between 1964 and 1972, before the change to a first-past-the-post system at independence in 1975. This paper, drawing on a combination of historical records, election studies and recent observations, looks at the historical impact of both electoral systems in Papua New Guinea, and at the different kinds of political behaviour encouraged by them, including their divergent influences upon election campaigning, candidature rates, support levels for successful candidates, electoral violence and the party system. It concludes by examining the potential consequences of a return to preferential voting in Papua New Guinea.     

Nupela Masta? Local and Expatriate Labour in a Chinese-Run Nickel Mine in Papua New Guinea 1

Abstract

Studies of mining projects in Papua New Guinea, since the development of the Panguna copper mine in Bougainville during the 1960s, have contributed to our understanding of the politics of interactions between resource companies, host governments and landowners. The Ramu Nickel mine, situated in northern Papua New Guinea, is China’s largest investment in the Pacific to date at US$1.4 billion. The project is managed by a state-owned enterprise, China Metallurgical Corporation, and financed by China ExIm Bank. This venture presents an opportunity to understand Chinese resource investment in a comparative perspective. While many issues, such as conflict over land, internal migration, and the limited involvement of the Papua New Guinean state, are constant, one aspect specific to Chinese resource investment is the use (or non-use) of host country labour, and the high proportion of Chinese labour employed at the mine sites. This practice differs from the relatively limited, short-term use of expatriate labour common to Western mining projects in developing countries. The attitudes and experiences of local and Chinese workers and managers will be examined to determine what is new in this approach to resource extraction.     

Seaborne Ethnography and the Natural History of Man*

This paper examines intellectual interchanges between European theorists in the science of man and sailors, naturalists and artists on scientific voyages in Oceania during the century after 1750. I argue that travellers' narratives and ethnographic representations were not mere reflexes of dominant metropolitan discourses, but were also personal productions generated in the tensions and ambiguities of cross-cultural encounters. I identify countersigns of indigenous agency embedded in such materials and evaluate their trajectory from the interactions which provoked them, through varied genres and media of voyagers' representations, to their contorted appropriation by European savants. My examples are drawn from British and French accounts of visits to New Holland and Van Diemen's Land between 1770 and 1802. In this paper, Aboriginal Australians, especially Tasmanians, serve as synecdoche for the indigenous inhabitants of Oceania generally, using the regional term in its extended early 19th-century sense which encompassed the present Indonesia and Australia along with Papua New Guinea, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.     

Refraining the Meaning of “Political” in Research with Adolescents

Abstract

The Gettysburg Address contains no direct quotations from the Bible; nevertheless, it is replete with biblical phrases and themes. Lincoln, who had an intimate and thorough knowledge of the King James Bible, used the Bible in ways essential to the mission and message of his brief address delivered on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of a national cemetery at Gettysburg. The unifying theme of his speech was the conception, birth, and death of the nation, which parallels the life of Jesus as recounted in the New Testament. This theme climaxes with the nation's “new birth of freedom,” secured through the sacrifice of the Civil War, especially through the shed blood and death of the “brave men” on Gettysburg's battlefield. Lincoln invoked biblical cadences, phrases, and themes to solemnify the occasion for his speech and to infuse the great sacrifice of the dead and wounded with profound meaning.     

Archaeological and Historical Materials as a Means to Explore Finnish Crop History

ABSTRACT

In Northern Europe, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been cultivated for almost 6000 years. Thus far, 150-year-old grains from historical collections have been used to investigate the distribution of barley diversity and how the species has spread across the region. Genetic studies of archaeobotanical material from agrarian sites could potentially clarify earlier migration patterns and cast further light on the origin of barley landraces. In this study, we aimed to evaluate different archaeological and historical materials with respect to DNA content, and to explore connections between Late Iron Age and medieval barley populations and historical samples of barley landraces in north-west Europe. The material analysed consisted of archaeological samples of charred barley grains from four sites in southern Finland, and historical material, with 33 samples obtained from two herbaria and the seed collections of the Swedish museum of cultural history.

The DNA concentrations obtained from charred archaeological barley remains were too low for successful KASP genotyping confirming previously reported difficulties in obtaining aDNA from charred remains. Historical samples from herbaria and seed collection confirmed previously shown strong genetic differentiation between two-row and six-row barley. Six-row barley accessions from northern and southern Finland tended to cluster apart, while no geographical structuring was observed among two-row barley. Genotyping of functional markers revealed that the majority of barley cultivated in Finland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was late-flowering under increasing day-length, supporting previous findings from northern European barley.     

A Georgian gentleman: child care and the case of Harry Tremayne, 1814–23

Abstract

This case study considers the manner in which a well-to-do Georgian family managed a child's ill health during the 1820s. The study sheds light on three matters: the operation of a geographically widely spread medical market place, family relationships under the stress of illness and the function of the male within the domestic 'private' sphere of caring for the sick. While the study is located in a well-defined historiography, this is the first time that the unique correspondence from this family has been used for wider historical analysis, and it provides a unique insight into issues of health, family and family relationships in Georgian England.