On the Second Booming Period in Chinese Translation History

From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,it came to the second booming period for the translation.During this period,the translations were mainly concerned with the western science and technology.And the strategies adopted by both the Jesuits and Chinese scholar-bureaucrat translators were different from those of the Buddhist sutra translations.The paper discusses the strategies in the translation of western science and technology and significance of translating activities during this period.     

Further Understanding of the Local Official Post System of Tibet in the Period of the Republic of China

In the period of the Republic of China, Tibet was in a special historical period of development. The reforms in establishing a Tibetan system for appointment of official positions went through different stages. In the system of the fusion of political and religious affairs, mild reforms were carried out so as to adapt themselves to different social changes and help maintain the situation of Tibet,     

陕西丹凤县巩家湾遗址发掘简报

The Gongjiawan site.about 1200m^2, locates at Chafang township of Danfeng county. According to the stratigraphical deposits and the characteristics of the cuhural relics,Gongjiawan site can be mainly divided into three phases. The first phase is Yangshao Culture. The second is early period of Longshan Culture,which is discovered in the uper reaches of Danjing River for the first time,the discovery fills an important gap in developing alignment of archaeological cultures in this region. The third belongs to the middle--late era of the Western Zhou,which is different from that of the corresponding period of Guanzhong district, while is closed to that of Chu culture of the corresponding period of Hubei Province. The discovery is important for us to explore the distribution of Chu culture and cultural relation between Western Zhou and Chu ,at that lime.     

The Qing Court's Troop Deployment in Tibet and Its Expenditure

1.Expenditure on troops stationedin Tibet(1) Source of military expenditureThe Qing court first stationed troops in Tibet inthe Yongzheng period (1723-1735).The purpose was toguarantee the safety of the Resident Minister of Tibet.According to Yue Zhongqi's memorial to the court inthe fifth year of the Yongzheng reign period (1727):“Ifno garrison troops were sent to Tibet,we had to main-tain armed forces in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces inconstant readiness for an emergency.At the same time     

清代对西藏的军事管理与支出

The Qing court first stationed troops in Tibet in the Yongzheng period (1723-1735). The purpose was to guarantee the safety of the Resident Minister of Tibet.According to Yue Zhongqi‘s memorial to the court in the fifth year of the Yongzheng reign period (1727): “If no garrison troops were sent to Tibet, we had to maintain armed forces in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces in constant readiness for an emergency At the same timewe have to send officials to Tibet to protect the Dalai Lama. The court is now discussing sending a military officer to follow the imperial envoy to Tibet,     

陕西史前玉器的发现与初步研究

Based on an overall view of findings of prehistoric jades in Shaanxi ,the author puts out an understanding that the development of prehistoric jades industry in Shaanxi had experienced 3 different stages:first is the origination period,equal to Laoguantai Culture (7000 BP. );second is the initial development,lasting from 6800 to 4500 BP. , equal to Yangshao Culture and early Longshan Culture;third,equal to later Longshan,lasting from 4500 to 4000 BP., is the maximum period.     

SEQUENCE OF INTERNAL EVENTS DURING THE FOUNDATION PERIOD OF THE HITTITE KINGDOM

The events we will be dwelling upon and which are known from the cuneiform sources unearthed at Bogazkoey date directly to the time of Hattusili I or later, and provide information about the foundation period of the Hittite kingdom which took place in the cities that were closely linked to or directly occurring in the capital city, Hattusa, or elsewhere. It is not possible to put campaigns, conquests and the events in exact chronological order within the foundation period of the Hittite kingdom. However, it can be said that while the early part of the reign of Hattusili I was mostly a period when the borders were expanded by military campaigns and conquests, the later part of this king‘s reign was most probably when internal turmoil arose.     

传统的嬗变——对宋元时期山水画的再认识

This article analyzes styles and various of Chinese traditional wash landscape in the Song and Yuan Dynasries, along the painting history, to disclose the inner stimulus of the form evovement in this period and tries to obtain some new understanding under the base of the aesthetic theores.     

Acrobatics in Ancient Tibet

Acrobatics date back to the Tubo period, according to many historical records including Biography of Padmasambhava and A Feast of Scholars.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EGYPT AND PALESTINE IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE （CA.2000-1550／1500 BCE.）

The relationship between Egypt and Palestine during the Bronze Age has been discussed since the 1940s. For the period of the Middle Bronze Age, the problem is both chronological and interpretative. The end of the Middle Bronze Age is fixed by the initial military activities of Dynasty 18 in Palestine around the end of the 16th century BCE. But the dates for the beginning of this period and the transition from one archaeological phase to another are still debated. Lacking a generally accepted solution, the chronology adopted here is that of Dever --- the transition from MB Ⅰ to MB Ⅱ occurred around 1800 BCE,     

闲话糌粑

说到糌粑,先要说说青稞。关于青稞,笔者有一个意外的发现,这种青藏高原上特有的农作物,是"随同藏族跨省区分布"的,而在非藏族的区域,就很少见到这种农作物。同样是这种情况的,还有牦牛和藏马。这种人与自     

Tibetan Football

In general view,people always believe that the“roof of the world“at 4000 meters above sea level would never have any connection with football.However,the fact is that football is no less popular in Tibet than it is in any other place.Particularly in recent years, on the snow-capped plateau,the residents increasingly love football.An ordinary football match can attract a big group of fans.Whenever     

Tibetan Football

In general view,people always believe that the"roof of the world"at 4000 meters above sea level would never have any connection with football.However,the fact is that football is no less popular in Tibet than it is in any other place.Particularly in recent years, on the snow-capped plateau,the residents increasingly love football.An ordinary football match can attract a big group of fans.Whenever     

Tibetan Mastiff

About twenty or thirty years ago,the Tibetan mastiff served only as a shepherd dog for Tibetan herders,but today it has a five,six or seven-figure Yuan worth.     

Tibetan Knife

The Tibetan knife is essentialto Tibetan people's life. It alsohas high art value as a form ofethnic handcraft with a long-standing good reputation athome and abroad. The typical Tibetan knives ofthe Xigaze area are from Lhazeand Xietoinmen, which hasbecome a very fashionable sou-venir or gift for tourists to takehome. The shinning bright knifeis a completely handmade of     

Tibetan Knives

The style of Tibetan knives comes in four kinds:knives unique to the Lhasa and Xigaze areas,Gungbo area,Amdo area and Kham area.Lharze and Namling Tibetan knives are what people always talk about as being representative of the knives found in the Lhasa and Xigaze aareas.Craftsmen in the Lharze and Namling areas pay much attention to the steel-making fire when making the knife‘s edge.     

藏医

藏医药学是一门古老的医学科学,它是藏族先民们在漫长的历史长河中,不断与自然界和各种疾病进行斗争的经验总结。藏医学在发展中充分开发和利用高原独有自然条件和药物资源的同时,还借鉴地吸收了兄弟民族以及周边国家（东亚各国）医药学的精华,博采众家之长,通过不断研究总结、反复实践,逐步提高,从而形成的一门传统医学,具有鲜明的民族特色和高原特色。藏医学不仅历史悠久,理论完整,内容丰富。在现代医学高度发达的今天,藏医学在某些疾病的治疗方面都还有着其独特的方法和显著的疗效,在某些治疗领域尚没有理想的替代方法。藏医学的临床价值,历史价值和学术价值等也越来越多地被人们了解和认知。今天,藏医学已和中医学、古印度医学和西方传统医学并称为世界四大传统医学。     

西藏俳蛱蝶

在西藏东南部的原始森林中,栖息着一种以西藏命名的大型蛱蝶。它多年以来一直被认为是西藏蝴蝶的名片之一,众多昆虫爱好者都希望能一睹其真容,它就是西藏俳蛱蝶。分类位置:鳞翅目,歧蝶科,线缺蝶亚科,俳蛱蝶属。描述:中大型蛱蝶。前后翅均狭长,前翅顶角尖锐;背面棕黑色,前翅具1条鲜黄色的宽中带,后翅具1条白色的宽中带,外缘饰有1列锈红色环纹。     

Tibetan Woodcarving

Keeping Abreast with Religious Advancement
The chapel in the Tashilhunpo Monastery for the stupa of the 10th Panchen Lama was built in 1993. I found the woodcarving art was my newly discovered complex art. When and where from does Tibetan woodcarving originates？ I have not yet to make any conclusions from all my research. Notwithstanding, academic circles generally conclude that the origin and advancement of Tibetan woodcarving art was keeping abreast with the dissemination and development of Buddhism in Tibet. That is to say woodcarving was included when Songtsen Gampo built the Tubo Kingdom in the 7^th Century.     

敦煌吐蕃文书中的藏族古代沐浴和药浴文化

2018年11月,藏医药浴法被联合国列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。随着这一消息,藏医药浴走进公众视野,被国内外所熟知。在西藏范围内,藏医药浴认知度、普及度颇高,但是对于它的前世脉络,人们却知之甚少。刘英华是中国藏学研究中心北京藏医院特聘专家、副研究员,通晓古藏文,研究藏医药学已有20年,2007年至2017年10次赴印度、6次赴尼泊尔学习梵文和梵文医典《八支心要集》。