金沙大遗址保护方法与展示理念的多样化探索

作为中华文明与文化发展史的主要载体,大遗址不仅有着突出的历史内涵与文化价值,更具有不可再生与不可替代性,是中国几千年历史积淀与辉煌文明的见证。在当代城市不断发展与扩张的今天,越来越多的大遗址正面临着如何保护与延续、如何展示与宣传等诸多问题,以使遗址保护与其内在文化价值的传播得到更有效的结合,并最终为现代文明的可持续发展起到一定的推动作用。本文谨以金沙遗址的保护与展示为例,抛砖引玉,对如何科学保护城市大遗址并合理有效利用遗址本身、充分发挥遗址的社会价值与功能进行思考与探索,以期为城市建设中大遗址的保护与利用作出一些有益的尝试。     

易于公众理解的考古遗址数字化阐释与展示——以成都东华门遗址为例

考古发现揭示出东华门遗址所在地是成都两千余年未变的城市中心。东华门遗址地表多被现代大型建筑叠压,遗迹未能完全揭露,遗址时间跨度大,地层上存在叠加打破现象。通过考古成果结合历史文献、数字化技术研究,提出东华门遗址数字化阐释与展示构想：以时间为叙事线索,选取东华门遗址鼎盛时期的人文及自然风光为展示重点,采用历史场景时空对比、时间轴推演、数字化场景复原、虚拟漫游、诗词互动、MR导览、AR书签卡等多种数字化展现形式,帮助公众理解丰富多元的遗址价值内涵,提高公众文化遗产保护意识和参观体验,为考古遗址数字化阐释与展示提供参考。     

一个神庙建筑的空间文化解读——山西运城池神庙建筑的象征文化和审美意蕴探论

山西运城池神庙建筑是一处保存较完整的盐神信仰庙宇。该建筑群给我们留下了一些宝贵的古代祭祀遗址和传统建筑,这在文化转型的大背景下,显得极其珍贵。本文试运用社会学、民俗学、文化学的相关理论来阐释这一建筑的象征文化内涵及审美意蕴。     

一个神庙建筑的空间文化解读——山西运城池神庙建筑的象征文化和审美意蕴探论

山西运城池神庙建筑是一处保存较完整的盐神信仰庙宇。该建筑群给我们留下了一些宝贵的古代祭祀遗址和传统建筑,这在文化转型的大背景下,显得极其珍贵。本文试运用社会学、民俗学、文化学的相关理论来阐释这一建筑的象征文化内涵及审美意蕴。     

声音

在学术界耳熟能详的遗址,只是少数人面对、观摩,这是一个文化资源浪费。 中国社会科学院杜金鹏教授道出了大遗址目前面临的尴尬。他说：“大遗址是一个城市、一个地区,乃至一个国家历史的实物见证,但有些往往不能公开地展示给普通民众。即便是生活在遗址上的居民,甚至也并不知道本遗址的真实面貌,更遑论远离遗址的人们。”     

“大遗址”保护与利用相关研究述评

随着国家对"大遗址"保护的高度重视和相关实践的开展,近年来与"大遗址"保护相关的研究激增,成果日丰。主要集中在"大遗址"保护与展示利用基本概念和理论探讨、文化和社会价值阐释、保护利用思路和实践总结,以及对典型遗址、重点案例的分析研究方面。在广泛搜寻、系统整理的基础上,就"大遗址"保护理论与实践中的关键问题展开述评,提出"过程跟踪"对于推进大遗址保护相关理论研究与实践工作的重要性。     

大遗址阐释系统构建初步研究

<正>一、前言大遗址,即文化遗产中规模特大、文物价值突出的大型文化遗址、遗存和古墓葬[1]。有效的对大遗址实行保护,发挥其价值,使大遗址的保护能够惠及民生,是现阶段文化遗产保护工作的重头戏。展示作为联接公众与遗址的之间的桥梁,是遗产保护与价值阐释中运用最多的一种方式。然而,现阶段展示工作存在着"方式单一、内容单一、信息源单一"等问题,使得公众无法真正了解遗产的价值、无法了解     

考古遗址的保护设计与视觉叙述

考古遗址作为一种场所,通过对于场地的挖掘、保护、展示等各干预手段,改变并形成其场所特性,是受其时空活动影响而产生的一种营造环境。同样作为不可移动文物,建筑遗产和考古遗址最大的区别在于后者因为损失了大部分的建筑形体而失去了建筑的使用功能,只能成为具有纪念性意义的文化物体。考古遗址所承载的历史、艺术和数据价值是其被研究和保存下来的主要原因。针对这样一种碎片式的建筑残缺遗存,考古遗址的保护就不能单纯从对物质本体的老化和续存条件的研究来考虑,如何提升考古遗址视觉上的可读性和结构重组的需要也是保护设计的重要影响因素。任何保护手法的选择和干预程度都是对于遗址视觉形体呈现的一种设计决定,基于此,在尽可能保障考古信息和历史物质资料保存的前提下,考古遗址的展示和风貌价值在很大程度上取决于主持干预者的审美取向。自18世纪以来,欧洲考古学对于遗址阐释的体现与其对于以石构件为主的建筑废墟的审美趣味有着很深的关联,而东亚文化的废墟呈现形式大多则是由以因佚失而无形的木构件和仍遗存有形的土遗址所组成。本文试图在对于异同文化的废墟审美认同基础之上,对遗址保护的设计与视觉叙述性之间的关联进行论述。     

城市历史文脉的表达与传承——隋唐洛阳城“两坊一街”保护展示工程

近年来,随着经济的发展和人们对美好生活品质的追求,大遗址的价值日益显现。隋唐洛阳城遗址是洛阳五大都城遗址之一,被列入国家“十一五”以来的大遗址专项规划名单。“两坊一街”遗址是隋唐洛阳城大遗址的一部分。其保护展示工程以保护遗址本体、展现遗址格局和凸显历史文化为重点,同时兼具城市公园休憩、体验、娱乐、观赏等基本功能。本文以遗址保护展示为主线,以景观设计为辅,以遗址公园为载体,以城市规划为归处,就“两坊一街”规划前后概貌、遗址保护政策、规划原则、设计理念等方面做了阐述。“两坊一街”保护展示工程不仅具有保护城市遗产,而且还具有营造城市休憩空间,打造城市生态绿肺,宣传城市历史文化等意义。以洛阳大遗址保护为契机,将“两坊一街”努力打造为兼具遗址保护、生态休闲、体验观光等功能的遗址文旅公园。     

合肥三国军事文化遗产价值阐释与展示研究

合肥三国军事文化资源丰富,拥有古城址、古战场、水利工程遗址和非物质的故事、传说等文化遗产类型,在合肥城市发展史研究、三国文化资源利用、地域文化挖掘方面具有突出的历史、社会和文化价值。通过合肥三国文化价值的阐释,提出合肥三国军事遗址公园展示提升、合肥三国军事文化遗产文旅展示区打造、合肥三国军事城市文化产业研发的文化遗产展示利用路径。     

Defusing Dualism: Mind,Materiality and Prehistoric Art

The paper presents a sculpture made of a fossilised shell. It was found during an excavation at the site Torpum 9b in Østfold, south‐eastern Norway. The site and thereby the figure are dated to the late Mesolithic period. The sculpture is interpreted as an essence of female attributes, that is the hips and pelvis of a female human with the genitalia marked. This interpretation requires a discussion of the relations between general principles and actual historical situations. The interest in fossils is presumable universal, but the specific culture‐historical interpretation of the sculpture from Østfold must take the local Mesolithic context as its framework. Through an examination of fossils in folklore and prehistory, and a presentation of the particular fossil's geological origin and context, the universal and non‐historical meaning of the sculpture is presented. This perspective is then discussed in the context of the east Norwegian Mesolithic.     

记谷牧考察避暑山庄的重要谈话

1978年9月,谷牧副总理考察了驻避暑山庄单位搬迁和山庄、外八庙整修工程进展情况,在参观考察中和听取承德地市负责人汇报时,作了重要谈话,涉及避暑山庄和外八庙保护、整修、利用、开放、旅游、城市建设等方面,内容十分丰富,含意深刻,至今对文物保护仍有重要的现实意义。     

Rethinking the global heritage discourse – overcoming ‘East’ and ‘West’?

This article illustrates how Japan’s involvement in international heritage discourse, in particular since the Nara Conference in 1994, played an important role in the development of a global understanding of heritage and what it constitutes. It explores the way the Ise Shrine came to be represented as an iconic example of an ‘Eastern approach’ to heritage to become central in the paradigm shift within global heritage discourse towards acknowledging cultural diversity. In this article, however, I argue that the presentation and understanding of the Ise Shrine has perpetuated a number of misconceptions about an Eastern approach to heritage conservation. In particular, its presentation and interpretation as a cultural site devoid of its distinct religious and political significance, limits what can be learned from it. This article argues that without full recognition of the religious beliefs intimately embedded in the traditional social structures, practices and attitudes related to heritage sites, recognition of cultural diversity would remain limited.     

Poromoi Tamu and the Case of the Drowning Village: History, Lost Places and the Stories We Tell

Archaeological excavations at an ancestral village site within rainforest in Papua New Guinea has revealed buried cultural evidence that can be explained in a number of ways. While interpretations based on Western archaeological methods suggest regional landscape dynamics informed by geomorphological processes, Indigenous Rumu oral traditions suggest an interpretation of the site’s stratigraphy based on the workings of spiritual forces. The role of story-telling and new information in site interpretation and understanding is explored in light of these different yet complementary accounts.     

New Philadelphia: using augmented reality to interpret slavery and reconstruction era historical sites

Does a historical site lose its significance or become less worthy of interpretation if there are no surviving buildings? Can technology help present the stories of disadvantaged and disenfranchised groups whose heritage lacks well-preserved architecture or material culture? The emerging technology of augmented reality (AR) offers new ways of designing and shaping the public’s experience when visiting landmarks by enabling an unprecedented means to combine 3D historical visualization with historical landmarks. This especially applies to underrepresented groups whose heritages have not been well served by traditional modes of preservation and interpretation due to a variety of factors. These range from disadvantages relating to material culture to a greater emphasis on intangible heritage which have placed them outside the bounds of what archaeologist Laurajane Smith calls authorised heritage discourse. A project at the New Philadelphia National Historic Landmark, located in Pike County Illinois, seeks to address these issues through AR. The technology, while offering opportunities for historical interpretation, poses challenges in terms of designing AR systems that coordinate content presentation with specific locations as well as developing virtual historical content with varying levels of source materials.     

战后日本安全观的延续与发展

安全观的变化是透视安全政策以及安全政策形成的重要根据。战后日本安全政策的形成既有延续的一面,也有变化的一面。本文将其划分为两个时期,并从区分的五个不同阶段入手,在沿用传统日本安全研究方法的基础上,从安全目标、手段及其与当时政治情势关联的视角对日本安全观的发展进行了透视。本文与其说是对日本安全观变化的一个历史性的梳理,毋宁说是对不同时期安全观变化和延续及其形成动因进行的一种必要的区分,希望以此揭示出影响日本安全政策变化的主要的、核心的要素以及这些要素不同时期的序列变化。     

The interpretation of a group of Saxon pits in Southampton

Environmental material from waterlogged pits on a Saxon site in Southampton is examined and interpretation attempted. It is suggested that the material largely represents waste from a butcher's yard, although the lack of associated structural evidence makes interpretation difficult.     

Assessing Umm el-Jimal’s Potential for Heritage Tourism

The quality of Jordan’s archaeological heritage resource for tourism is widely acknowledged, but heritage authorities have hardly begun to explore and develop their tourism potential. Nonetheless, the tourism industry in Jordan is a leading activity for the economy countrywide. Jordan’s tourism and heritage management have undergone quiet and basic improvement in recent years. This paper seeks to assess the heritage tourism potential of the archaeological site of Umm el-Jimal. It addresses the question of what potentials and values the site possesses, and what obstacles heritage and tourism management need to tackle to enable its development. To achieve this, current heritage practice in the management of the archaeological site of Umm el-Jimal is investigated. The methodology employed by the researchers comprised an assortment of research techniques including meetings, consultations, interviews, surveys, observation, alongside a literature review on various related topics and heritage management studies. The analysis of the study revealed that Umm el-Jimal has substantial heritage tourism potential and diversified values that have not yet been utilized due to the presence of a variety of hindering factors. Primarily, these are lack of tourist facilities, a backlog of heritage conservation and insufficient methods of interpretation and presentation. Combined, these factors hold back heritage tourism development of the site. Finally, it is recommended that the collaboration between the different interested parties at both public and private levels with the diverse stakeholders such as local people, private sector is imperative to make use of the heritage tourism potential of the site and alleviate the obstacles to successful development.     

王阳明乡治思想及实践

王阳明是明代著名的思想家、教育家,也是一位在社会控制实践中颇有建树的实干家,他在“知行合一”理念的指引下,践行了儒家“修身齐家治国平天下”的人生追求。如果说他在贵阳龙场悟道期间是在做理论积淀,那么他在南赣期间的一系列措施则是他社会控制思想的物化结果。王阳明的社会控制思想主要体现在他对乡村社会的组织建设与对乡民的行为控制。     

有心还是无意:李济汾河流域调查与夏文化探索

1925年李济在汾河流域的调查以及1926年对山西夏县西阴村遗址的发掘是中国考古学者第一次自行组织的考古工作。以往研究大多指出探索夏文化是李济这次考古活动的主要目的,本文通过分析李济当年所写的调查和发掘报告,证明李济此行的真实目的是要寻找一处适合发掘的史前遗址,并企图通过自己的工作以回应安特生的中国文化西来说。而终李济一生,他认为在考古学上还没有足够的证据表明何种文化为夏文化。