论儒家民本思想在当代中国法治的彰显

儒家思想博大而精深,其"民为邦本、宽民惠民"之民本思想为世人所推崇。文章以儒家民本思想的缘起及其内容为逻辑起点,分析了"民本"是中国法治的必然选择,继而列举了民本思想在当代中国法治的彰显。     

康熙的民本思想探析

康熙是我国古代一位较有作为的君王,受命于清王朝危难之间。撤三藩,抗沙俄,收复台湾．平服西北．为“康乾盛世”徐徐拉开帷幕。出于统治的目的,在康熙六十一年的统治生涯中,他注重吸收以儒家为代表的汉化．在一系列政策上体现出以民为本的思想。当然,我国古代的民本思想与今天中国共产党人提出的“以人为本”思想是有着本质区别的。     

先秦民本思想之我见

民本思想形成于春秋战国时期,它的出现一方面体现了其时代进步性,即认识到了民众的作用和重要性,但其本质却是为了维护君主的利益,是为君主的统治而服务的。由于对民本思想的理解不足,使我们的政府和官员在行使权力的过程中出现了一些认识上的偏差,要纠正这种偏差,就应该加强民主化建设,以"人民做主"代替"为民做主"。     

先秦儒家民本思想的逻辑发展

先秦儒家民本思想以周初的＂敬德保民＂思想为起源,经过孔子＂贵仁＂思想下的＂德治＂和＂重礼＂思想,发展为孟子的＂仁政＂思想,在此先秦儒家的民本思想达到了最高水平。尔后,荀子在＂隆礼＂的主张下对先秦儒家民本思想作了补充性的发展。     

中国传统民本思想的合理性与现代性析论

中国传统民本思想历史悠久,是中国传统思想的重要组成部分,具有丰富的内涵。中国共产党人开创性地继承和发展了中国传统民本思想的合理成分,以马克思主义为指导,并结合中国革命和建设的实践,提出了一些的新的"民本"理论,实现了中国传统民本思想的现代性嬗变。     

两汉以来民本思想的发展演化

民本思想是传统中国政治伦理的重要组成部分,其发展演变具有自身特点。两汉至魏晋时期,“国以民为本”思想不断完善,在君民关系上强调“立君为民”,更突出君民依存关系下的“政在安民”。唐宋以来,统治阶级深刻认识到民众的重要性,在民本观上更为关注“民意”,强调“君责”。明清之际,思想家们在传统民本思想基础上提出了“公天下”与“君为客”的主张,体现了对君主专制进行反思的倾向。     

民本思想与历史盛衰的总结

在中国历史上,关注社稷的盛衰、追求民族的兴盛,是民族精神的体现,成为民族史学优良传统.以人为本的思想是历史经验的总结,又是振兴民族的历史发展的要求.中国史学家通过对严酷的历史兴亡事实的总结,形成民本思想.民本思想关系到一个重大史学理论问题,涉及对历史发展过程和历史发展动力的认识.     

陈子昂民本思想简析

陈子昂的民本思想体现了爱民、重民、与民休息的主要特点,内容主要体现为反对淫刑,主张措刑;轻徭薄赋,节用爱民;重视边防,反对无名征伐,主张息兵;任贤使能等。     

老子民本思想发微

民本思想是中国古代政治哲学中的一个重要内容,不仅为儒家所独有。民本也是老子政治哲学的基本立场,老子哲学中虽有为执政者设计的一套高超的治国之术,但也表达了百姓的内在心声,蕴含有丰富的民本思想。而老子政治关怀应是老子一书的主要目的,因此,重新阐释老子思想中的民本思想,以"还吾老子"本意显得尤为必要。     

毛泽东群众观是传统民本观的批判继承和发展

毛泽东的群众观是贯穿于毛泽东的全部著作并渗透在他的全部实践活动中的一个根本思想。这一思想的产生与形成,既是他研究马克思主义的成果,又是他批判地继承和发展中国传统文化的结晶,既有现实的根据,也是历史的继承和发展。它与中国历史上的“民本观”有着历史的渊源。毛泽东早年对中国民本思想的理解和接受,构成了他最初理解马克思主义历史唯物论的深层的因素。但是,由于时代与阶级的不同,“群众观”与“民本观”又有着本质上的区别。中国历史上的“民本观”,概而言之就是“国以民为本,民以食为天”。这一观点既肯定了“民”的地…     

川端康成早期作品的位相——面对死亡的抗拒意识的流露

川端康成的早期作品由于自传性较强,经常作为研究的资料被引用,而作品本身的某些蕴含却很少成为研究的对象,即如早期流露在这些作品中的对死亡的抗拒意识没有受到足够的重视。超越死亡的意识可以说贯穿了川端康成的整个创作生涯,如果忽略了川端康成早期作品中的对死亡的抗拒意识,便会从整体上影响对川端康成及其作品的认识。     

War and Revolution: Friedrich Engels as a Military and Political Thinker

This article explores the link between political and military strategy and tactics in the work of Friedrich Engels. Though widely praised for his understanding of military affairs, Engels’ interlocutors have tended to be dismissive of his political works. By exploring his politics through the lens of his military writings this article challenges the view that Engels was a mechanical materialist and political fatalist thinker. It argues that his military writings cannot be understood apart from his political works, and that, whatever the historical limitations of the specific conclusions to which he came, his method in these writings illuminate his profound grasp of the relationship between strategy and tactics at both the military and political levels.     

The cannonade of Valmy

Abstract

The eccentric American zoologist Richard Lynch Garner (1848–1920) spent almost two decades living with Nkomi people in southern Gabon between 1893 and 1918. His essays often discussed the connections between occult beliefs and political change during the chaotic era of concessionary companies in the colony. This period is often seen by historians as a violent period that destroyed pre-colonial political institutions in equatorial Africa. However, Garner described how he engaged with local occult beliefs in ways that reveal the continued use of landlord/stranger relationships in the colony. While Garner employed chemicals and phonographs as a means of gaining authority over his African hosts, Gabonese people sought to incorporate Garner into their communities through healing rituals and boycotts backed by supernatural threats. Although the American constructed Gabonese people as gullible and backward, a close reading of his writings demonstrates how southern Gabonese communities placed Garner and his technology into a long tradition that tied together European wealth, supernatural forces, and rights of local people over foreigners. The nineteenth century Nkomi kingdom might have crumbled, but links between occult forces and political power survived and adapted to the new realities of the early colonial era.     

Commentary Animal Domestication: Toward a Definition

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry was a pioneering French aviator who helped to open airmail routes in North Africa and South America during the interwar years of the early twentieth century. He was also a celebrated author who described his piloting experiences and the relations between aviation, society and human development in several popular books. Saint-Exupéry's writings contain vivid representations of landscapes, places and people from the novel perspective of the airborne observer. Based on analysis of the revised editions of most of the English-language translations of Saint-Exupéry's published works, this article reveals that his writings contain a distinctive ‘geography from above’ in which landscapes and places are culturally constructed and myths about various ‘others’ are reproduced. Such a view was important: it allowed powerful visualisations to be created and communicated, and its expressions accompanied and legitimated the imperial expropriation of land.     

S. Weir Mitchell’s Prose and Poetry on the American Civil War

The prose and poetry of S. Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) – related to the American Civil War – encompass a very significant portion of his non-medical writings. The Civil War, more than any other single event, shaped his future career as one of the founders of American neurology. Indeed, it should not be surprising how the war was also such a driving force in his non-medical writings. His novels, once widely read, now are scarcely noted. His accounts of the social, political and economic events of the Civil War are of historical interest to students of the period. Neuroscientists as a group, like others, are apt to be unfamiliar with these writings, with the possible exception of “The Case of George Dedlow.” A major purpose of this essay is to introduce readers, especially neuroscientists, to Weir Mitchell’s fictional works in which neurological cases so often appear. One appreciates more the medical aspects of his novels, written as they were by a first-hand observer. His non-medical writings, poetry and prose, are to a large extent timeless and can be appreciated by today’s readers.     

中国的文艺复兴——胡适以中国文化为题材的英文作品解析

胡适的大部分英文作品都以中国文化为主题.从他博士论文所表现的主旨看,从他对"中国文艺复兴"的历史诠释看,从他中西文化观前后期的演变看,从他在英文语境中与西方汉学家的对话看,他在英文作品里倾注的核心主题是"中国的文艺复兴".胡适的这一历史观既表现了他的民族主义情怀,也反映了他对现代化的基本认识,有着丰富的文化内含和复杂的历史境遇.     

S. Weir Mitchell's prose and poetry on the American Civil War

The prose and poetry of S. Weir Mitchell (1829-1914)--related to the American Civil War--encompass a very significant portion of his non-medical writings. The Civil War, more than any other single event, shaped his future career as one of the founders of American neurology. Indeed, it should not be surprising how the war was also such a driving force in his non-medical writings. His novels, once widely read, now are scarcely noted. His accounts of the social, political and economic events of the Civil War are of historical interest to students of the period. Neuroscientists as a group, like others, are apt to be unfamiliar with these writings, with the possible exception of "The Case of George Dedlow." A major purpose of this essay is to introduce readers, especially neuroscientists, to Weir Mitchell's fictional works in which neurological cases so often appear. One appreciates more the medical aspects of his novels, written as they were by a first-hand observer. His non-medical writings, poetry and prose, are to a large extent timeless and can be appreciated by today's readers.     

川端康成游记简论

以小说而获诺贝尔学奖的川端康成,其游记成就亦斐然。本从学、美学、哲学三方面论说川端康成游记,探讨其独特卓异的旅游化意义。     

林则徐与新疆史地研究

林则徐不但是近代伟大的爱国者和民族英雄 ,也是研究清代新疆史地的杰出代表。本文着重探讨了林则徐在谪戍新疆时期 ,通过日记、信札、诗词、奏折与杂录等形式开展新疆史地研究的情况 ,内容涉及新疆的历史、道里、形胜、古迹、地名、环境、物产、驻防、屯田和新疆人民生活等。其研究能发前人所未发 ,独树一帜 ,体现了林则徐注重文本与实地结合 ,经世致用和深刻思想性、预见性等多方面特点。