中国三大城市群知识密集型制造业的空间集聚特征及形成机制——基于科技型企业大数据分析

探究不同尺度下知识密集型制造业的集聚特征及其形成机制。结果显示：①计算机行业的集聚强度最高,京津冀各行业集聚强度高于长三角和珠三角地区;②城市群尺度各行业多集中在100 km范围内,京津冀呈现“核心—边缘”结构,长三角为“扇形”结构,珠三角具有“多核心”特点;③城市尺度大部分行业集中在40 km范围内,少数行业在边缘区集聚,京津冀表现为“蔓延型”集聚,长三角为“局部型”和“多中心型”,珠三角为“多中心型”;④城市群尺度上的集聚特征依据地区资源禀赋和比较优势,城市尺度上的集聚特征则依生产成本上的空间差异、产业政策和地方保护主义等因素二有所不同。     

产业集聚:地理学与经济学主流观点的对比

20世纪80年代以来,国际学术界出现了两种以企业行为的分析为基础解释产业空间集聚的\"新经济地理学\"理论模型:地理学中的\"新经济与工业地理学\"和经济学中的\"地理经济学\"。本文从理论起源、产业集聚的成因、市场结构的性质、外部经济的类型、交易关系与根植性、产业集聚的机制等方面对二者进行了系统的比较分析。     

新区域主义视角下长株潭城市群区域一体化过程与影响因素

在新区域主义理论视角下,借鉴城市引力模型、经济网络结构模型和比较集中系数的方法,对长株潭城市群区域一体化进行分析。结果表明：长株潭城市群区域一体化水平在不同的时代背景下存在显著差异,其变化过程呈现出“高-低-高”的“V”字型特征。可划分为三个阶段：第一个阶段是1980年到1990年区域一体化程度较高的阶段,后计划经济是其发展的时代背景;第二个阶段是1990年到2000年由计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨,是区域一体化的低谷阶段;第三个阶段是在2000年之后,随着社会主义市场经济的确立,城市群进入区域一体化程度更高的阶段。长株潭城市群区域一体化影响因素逐步由政府力量为主转为市场力量为主,呈现出明显的新区域主义特征。     

产业区域集聚研究:新经济地理学的理论模型和实证命题

产业区域集聚是近年学术研究的一个重要问题。本文在总揽国内外现有研究文献的基础上,从理论和实证两个层面对这一论题进行了系统梳理。从理论层面来看,新近兴起的新经济地理学是迄今为止研究产业集聚的主流经济学理论。它在规模报酬递增与不完全竞争市场为特征的理论框架下,引入了外部经济、要素流动、以及路径依赖等因素,来研究产业在地理空间上的集聚与扩散问题。实证层面,本文将近年涌现出的产业区域集聚经验检验归纳概括为五个实证命题,并分别展开回顾。     

Entrepreneurial industry structures and financial institutions as agents for path dependence in Southwest Norway: the role of the macroeconomic environment

ABSTRACT

Guided by an evolutionary perspective, we study how macroeconomic shifts as an exogenous factor contribute to the endogenous roles of financial institutions and the entrepreneurial industry structure as indicators for path extension or diversification in Southwest Norway. Path extension implies that new firm formation reproduces itself with limited variation. Path diversification implies a departure from existing paths, in that entrepreneurial activities expand into unrelated or related industries. Between 1992 and 1998, we observe a departure from path extension and an increase in entrepreneurial path diversification into unrelated industries, but this trend declines in the following years. The increase and decline are stronger for Southwest Norway than for the rest of the country. Throughout the whole period of observation (1992–2011), we observe a steady decline in path diversification into related industries. Thus, Southwest Norway, and the country as a whole, experiences an extension of an industry structure that increasingly reproduces itself, which implies stronger path dependence and decreasing diversification of related and unrelated entrepreneurial activity. Financial institutions mostly reinforce path extension, even in periods when abundant capital is available, but to some degree, they also induce related path diversification.     

知识经济时代旅游企业发展新趋势

知识经济时代的到来给旅游企业的管理,提出了新的挑战和机遇。如何应对这一局势,迅速地调整企业的经营管理策略,以适应变化的趋势。本文试从这一角度出发,探讨知识经济引发的旅游企业的变化趋势和相应对策。     

Getting the China Story Right: Insights from National Economic Censuses

Two Hong Kong-based geographers critically interrogate competing interpretations of the nature and dynamics of China's ongoing economic transformation. Based on the data gathered from China's first and second national economic censuses, they examine the pattern and process of ownership transformation in the Chinese economy, focusing on employment, capital assets, and output as well as productivity and industrial innovation. Emphasis is placed on the following critical issues: (1) after three decades of opening, China's national economy continues to be dominated by domestic enterprises (with foreign and overseas Chinese-invested enterprises limited to only a few industrial sectors and highly specific locales); (2) the bulk of capital assets and key large-scale industrial sectors remain in state ownership; and (3) spontaneous, bottom-up privatization of the labor market has occurred without a corresponding privatization of the capital market. In examining these and other issues, the authors argue that the evolving, complex "China story" can be better understood only after abandoning reliance on preconceived theoretical models derived primarily from Western experience. They support their case by first challenging the conventional neoliberal view of privatization as an independent force or predetermined condition, arguing instead that it is conditioned by prevailing social and political influences. Likewise, they posit that rapid expansion of private and individual businesses at the grassroots level has owed more to relaxed state control than to active state involvement envisioned by the thesis of state corporatism. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E22, E23, E24, O11, P20. 8 figures, 6 tables, 87 references.     

现代服务业集聚形成机理空间计量分析

在纳入空间效应前提下,构建现代服务业集聚形成机理空间面板计量模型,对我国28个省域相关数据实证研究表明:我国现代服务业集聚在省域之间有较强的空间依赖性和正的空间溢出效应。技术差异在时间维度上对现代服务业集聚促进作用显著,在空间维度上并不显著;交易费用与现代服务业集聚有显著的负相关性;知识溢出、规模经济、政府行为对现代服务业集聚促进作用显著。     

Exploring the clustering of creative industries

During the last decades, a large body of literature has been published on the clustering of creative industries, but it has not been reviewed in a systematic way. In this review paper, we fill this gap. The review leads to the identification of several deficiencies of current research. Based on that, we distil avenues for future empirical research on the drivers of the clustering of creative industries, which are embedded in a comprehensive analytical framework.     

Community and conservation land ownership in highland Scotland: A common focus in a changing context

Legislation on the topic of land reform will enter statute during the lifetime of the first administration of the Scottish Parliament. It is thus timely to review types of land ownership that have evolved in Scotland in the recent past. This paper briefly reviews the context of the current land reform debate. It considers the characteristics of community and conservation ownership, exemplified in case studies of the North Assynt Estate (owned and run by the Assynt Crofters Trust) and the Sandwood Estate (owned by the John Muir Trust). Positive and negative aspects of these two management structures are illustrated and a convergence in management approaches, towards a focus on community interest and involvement, is demonstrated. The emergence of a social sector in land ownership is considered.     

21世纪经济地域景观形态研究

知识经济是21世纪的主导经济。新经济的出现必然会给人类的产业活动带来深远的影响。作为经济活动载体的经济地域必将伴随着这种影响发生深刻的\"变革\"。最终引起经济地域景观形态的全新变化。一方面表现为经济地域空间结构(即其核心、外围、网络及三者组合关系)将发生根本性的变化;另一方面,经济地域空间结构的变化将使得经济地域的外观形态以全新的面貌展现给世人。本文在明确经济地域景观形态基本内涵的基础上,对知识经济带来的经济地域景观要素及其组合关系的新变化作了较系统地阐述。进而对知识经济时代经济地域的景观形态作了定性、定量的展望。     

基于企业间联系视角的长江经济带城市网络结构及其变化特征研究

本文首先梳理不同种类的企业联系及其在构建城市网络中的优缺点,然后基于2013-2018年上市公司的大宗交易数据构建长江经济带的城市网络,从企业间的资金联系分析城市网络及其变化特征.研究表明:①2013-2018年,共有105个城市参与长江经济带城市网络的构建,资金进出量前10名城市约占资金总流量的70％.城市网络中大部...     

携程旅行网旅游“新零售”空间格局及形成机制——以上海市线下门店为例

基于携程位于上海市的线下门店及相关POI 数据,运用 GIS 空间分析和地理探测器等方法,探讨携程旅游“新零售”空间格局、区位选址及形成机制。结果表明：①携程旅游“新零售”在发展初期,其区位选址仍具有向心性,但不如传统零售业对城市中心区位需求强烈,向中心城区边缘及城市近郊区域下沉趋势明显;②呈现集聚分布特征,形成“多中心-外扩”式分布模式;③区位选址依赖于以写字楼为主的线下生活服务场景,对商务办公区的偏好超越对商业中心的偏好。交通区位、传统旅行社分布、地租水平影响次之,CBD 趋近度、商圈等级影响较小;④携程线下门店空间格局及区位特征是企业业务板块规划、地理实体空间竞争、区域产业配套水平共同作用形成的结果。     

20世纪50年代上海新公私合营企业的工资改革

1956年,全行业公私合营后不久,鉴于建立统一的政治体制及与计划经济体制相适应的新工资制度的需要,国家开始在新公私合营企业中实行工资改革。上海新合营企业的工资改革与全国各地一样正式开始于1956年9月,但由于情况复杂,历经准备试点及全面推开等阶段,直到1957年10月才基本结束。其中工资改革的集中统一领导,工资水平与工资增长指标,新工资等级,变相工资、计件工资、保留工资等问题成为工资改革中最重要的内容。新合营企业工资改革的完成,标志着与计划经济体制相适应的统一的企业工资制度开始全面确立,在收入分配环节上,基本完成了对新合营企业从产权到治理结构、再到分配制度的崭新的企业制度安排。