扶风县齐家村四号墓出土青铜器的修复

2004年5月至7月,陕西省考古研究所文保室对扶风县齐家村北M41出土的铜尊、铜簋、铜卣等三件器物进行了修复.修复的方法是运用我国传统青铜器文物修复的矫形和焊接、去锈以及着色做旧等技术,并与德国现代文物修复技术相结合,使三件变形的器物重新修复完好.     

现代技术在印度尼西亚文物古迹保存修复中的应用

印度尼西亚修复和保护了著名的世界文化遗产婆罗浮屠。这是亚洲地区运用现代科学技术保护修复文物古迹规模最大的工程之一。特别是运用现代技术对石构件进行清理、修复和防水处理,以及运用婆罗浮屠的修复保护经验,对其它的文物古迹,如砖石建筑、木构建筑以及洞窟壁画进行保护。     

从千手观音造像修复看传统工艺与现代科技的结合与运用

建自南宋的重庆大足石刻千手观音造像是宝贵的不可移动文物,具有非凡的历史、文化、宗教等价值,已被列入"世界文化遗产",因长期的气候、地质侵害,已有严重损毁,亟待修复.中国文化遗产保护研究院牵头组成的修复工程组在实施过程中采取了修复与研究相结合的方式,配合使用传统与现代工艺,注重材料的安全性与可逆性.工程结合传统与现代的工作方法,对石刻髹漆贴金造像修复办法的研究、文物保存环境研究等多个方面显示了一定的先进性.此次工程成果可以为以后我国文物修复理念和技术的发展提供一定的参考,促进形成更加科学、先进的文物保护办法.     

意大利文物保护修复方法在承德皇家丝织品文物中的应用

为了更好地对纺织品文物进行保护修复,在系统学习布兰迪现代修复理论的基础上,尝试运用意大利的纺织品文物保护方法和技术对承德市外八庙管理处的一件黄绸花袈裟进行保护和修复.历经除尘、清洗、干燥、染色和加固等处理过程,着重介绍用意大利方法对白色丝绸和白色丝线进行染色.经过保护修复后袈裟上的灰尘、污渍等病害基本得到清除,损坏部分得到了加固,针线缝合法保证了修复的可再处理性.     

纸质文物保护修复的传统与现代

纸质文物保护是文化遗产保护领域面临的重要课题,本文以中日韩三国在北京举办的第一届东亚纸张保护学术研讨会为契机,总结了造纸术的起源和发展,造纸技术,纸质文物的病变和破坏原因,概括了纸质文物保护修复技术的各种方法,并对传统保护修复工艺和现代保护技术在纸质文物保护修复中的作用进行了述评。指出传统保护修复技术有不可替代的地位和作用,加强传统技术的继承、改良,并与现代科学检测技术紧密结合,相容并举,才是纸质文物保护修复的有效途径和发展方向。     

现代显微技术在纸质文物鉴定与修复中应用

现代显微技术在纸质文物的研究和修复中,是不可或缺的研究手段,因此应用显微镜对几件纸质文物进行了显微观察和分析。结果获得了纤维表面形态、纸张工艺和纤维特性等信息,同时获取了表面图像、分散纤维图像,纤维长、宽、配比等数据。所获信息对文物鉴定与修复工作有明显的参考意义,说明现代显微技术可以对纸质文物进行分析、鉴别,并为选配修复用纸和断代等提供参考依据。     

古陶瓷修复研究——兼谈良渚黑陶双鼻壶及明宣德青化扁瓶的修复

为增加已破损的良渚化黑陶双鼻壶和明代宣德青花扁瓶藏品展示的艺术效果,须对其进行修复。两件器物的修复运用了电脑设计修复方案,采用“陶配陶”、“瓷配瓷”及一些现代先进的粘结材料,传统手工工艺与现代先进工艺相结合的方法,修复效果理想,使之恢复其原来的面貌。说明现代技术和传统修复方法相结合是修复古代陶瓷器的有效方法     

战国镶红铜鸟兽几何纹青铜壶的保护修复

在现代修复理念的指导下,对一件战国镶红铜鸟兽几何纹青铜壶进行保护修复,通过分析检测与研究、制定修复方案、保护修复处理、装饰工艺等步骤,介绍了现代青铜文物保护修复的基本要求和流程,探讨了此件特殊工艺青铜器的修复工艺,对其精美纹饰和装饰工艺进行赏析,同时提出了保护修复后的保存建议.     

邯郸湾漳北朝墓壁画的保护与再修复

2007年5月,为配合"中意合作文物保护修复培训项目"的实施,国家文物局特从河北省文物研究所调来了邯郸湾漳北朝墓的四块壁画,在中意双方壁画保护修复专家的指导下,运用现代修复理论和方法、材料对这四块壁画进行了保护和再修复。文章介绍了此次壁画保护修复的前期调查、壁画保存状况和病变成因、科学检测和详细的修复过程、方法以及出现问题的解决,并探讨了此次壁画修复中现代修复理论的应用问题。此次修复是现代修复理念在传统文物修复中应用的典型范例和成功的尝试。     

青铜文物保护修复技术的中外比较研究

我国青铜文物修复技术是具有自己特色的传统工艺技术,随着科学技术的进步和时代的发展,国内外大量现代保护方法与材料在青铜器保护修复中引进与吸收利用。本文按照我国青铜文物保护修复的工艺流程,从清洗去锈、加固处理、稳定处理、整形复原、连接完形、补配缺块、缓蚀处理、作色做旧和表面封护九个方面,对我国与其他国家青铜文物保护修复技术进行归纳总结与比较,进而阐释中外青铜文物保护修复技术的发展过程与异同点。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.