延庆辽代墓葬壁画制作工艺及其颜料的物相鉴定

北京延庆发现一座辽代晚期的壁画砖室墓。为研究该墓室壁画结构和鉴定其颜料成分,运用拉曼光谱、X射线衍射和X射线荧光等多种方法进行了分析研究。结果表明该墓室壁画主要有灰泥层、白灰层和颜料层组成;红色颜料的呈色物相为α-Fe2O3,黑色颜料的呈色物相为炭黑。     

清代外销油画《镇海楼》颜料的分析鉴别

为研究清代外销油画《镇海楼》颜料成分及颜料层状况,利用数码显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱、X射线荧光光谱并结合扫描电镜能谱技术对其进行观察和检测。研究表明,此幅清代油画中红色颜料分别为朱砂和赭石,蓝色颜料为普鲁士蓝,黄色颜料则为雄黄和铁黄,白色颜料为铅白。通过显微镜观察发现画中部分颜料层有开裂和局部剥落现象。本研究分析为中国清代油画的材料技法、保护修复及美术史研究提供了极具价值的信息。     

陕西安康紫阳北五省会馆壁画颜料分析研究

陕西安康紫阳北五省会馆壁画是目前陕西省境内发现的最大的一处建筑壁画,为了解其颜料组成,本工作采用X射线荧光、偏光显微镜、X射线衍射、激光显微拉曼光谱及扫描电镜能谱分析相结合的分析方法,对颜料样品进行了分析。结果表明,北五省会馆壁画除正殿发现一处红色染料外,其他均为无机颜料;红色颜料主要是铅丹、朱砂、铁红;绿色颜料为氯铜矿、石绿、斜氯铜矿;蓝色颜料的主要成分是普鲁士蓝、smalt、石青;黄色颜料为雌黄、铁黄;褐色颜料的主要成分是铁红及铅丹的变色产物二氧化铅;黑色为炭黑;白色颜料主要是铅白,且多使用铅白作为调色颜料。研究结果对于了解清代民间壁画的制作工艺,丰富对陕西建筑壁画的认识具有重要意义。     

阳高云林寺彩塑制作工艺与材料研究

在对阳高云林寺彩塑现场调查的基础上，利用X射线荧光分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)、显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱分析等方法对颜料的化学成分进行了分析。研究发现云林寺彩塑是遵循传统工艺制作的，同时也有裱纸、颜料混合使用、拨金等个性之处。颜料方面，红色使用了铅丹、朱砂和铁红三种，绿色颜料为巴黎绿和碱式氯化铜两种，蓝色见有蓝铜矿和群青两种，黑色为炭黑。本研究比较全面地揭示了云林寺大雄宝殿彩塑制作工艺和使用材料的情况，丰富了对古代彩塑制作工艺和材料的认识，为保护修复实施奠定了基础。     

便携式X射线荧光现场分析壁画颜料适用性研究——以西藏拉萨大昭寺壁画为例

便携式X射线荧光光谱仪作为快捷的无损分析技术,广泛应用于壁画文物的现场分析中.本文利用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪分析了西藏拉萨大昭寺转经廊壁画,选取部分样品,利用实验室X射线荧光分析,发现所分析颜料的主要显色元素具有一致性,并利用拉曼光谱确定了壁画颜料的成分.通过比较研究,发现便携式X射线荧光光谱仪可确定大部分色彩较为纯正的颜料的成分,同时,由于西藏拉萨大昭寺壁画颜料的杂多性,对于含砷的橙色颜料、含砷或含铅与含铁的黄色颜料、含铜砷的绿色颜料、含钙硫的白色颜料、群青与孔雀石的混合颜料则需结合拉曼光谱确定之.本研究工作显示,利用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪开展现场检测,可极大地减少实验室分析样品的取样数量,有利于壁画颜料的无损分析与微损分析.     

天梯山石窟9窟彩塑与壁画地仗矿物 及颜料分析

天梯山石窟,即北凉石窟,在国内史学界誉为中国古代石窟鼻祖。据考证,9窟彩塑与壁画制作始于唐代,后经历代多次重绘。针对目前彩塑与壁画的保存现状及需要修复的状况,本研究运用现代分析仪器与技术,对9窟现存的彩塑、壁画进行了科学分析。其中,对彩塑及壁画地仗土层矿物进行了X射线衍射分析,对重层彩绘颜料进行了X射线衍射、X射线荧光分析;另外,对清理彩塑地仗时发现的植物茎秆及附属物,采用偏光显微分析技术进行了材质鉴定。分析和鉴定结果表明:9窟现存彩塑及壁画地仗土层具有相同的矿物组成,基本包括石英、长石(斜长石、少量的K-长石)、云母(白云母、绿泥石、伊利石、斜绿泥石)、方解石、少量石膏,并确定植物茎秆材质为稻草;在使用的彩绘中,黑色为墨,红色颜料有朱砂、铅丹和铁红,蓝色颜料为石青,白色颜料以方解石为主,有少量的石膏。本结果可为后期天梯山石窟的全面复原修复提供参考资料。     

广西花山岩画颜料及其褪色病害的防治对策

在自然环境因素的长期作用下,花山岩画颜料褪色脱落。为了治理岩画颜料褪色病害,应用偏光显微镜分析、电子探针面分析、X射线衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析,系统研究了花山岩画的颜料及其粘合剂成分。结果表明,铁红是花山岩画红色颜料中的基本显色成分,但红色颜料中存在朱砂。颜料粘合剂属植物性的,岩画作成后其中的植物性粘合剂在老化分解过程中分泌出有机酸,其中的草酸与立壁岩石中的钙质发生反应,形成一层水草酸钙。依据现状调查与采访结果,提出了岩画颜料褪色病害及其防治对策。     

湖南桃源出土战国彩绘陶器的科学分析

为研究湖南桃源县战国楚墓出土彩绘陶器的组成结构及保存现状,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(EDXRF)、扫描电镜-能谱法(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和激光拉曼光谱法(LRS)等手段对陶器胎体成分、表面彩绘、金属涂层等进行分析检测。结果表明:这批彩绘陶器胎体成分相近,为普通易熔黏土。彩绘陶器表面的红色颜料为朱砂(HgS),黑色颜料为炭黑(C)。在彩绘陶壶、陶鼎和陶敦表面发现金属涂层装饰,通过扫描电镜能谱和X射线衍射分析,确定涂层为单质锡,属于锡涂陶的范畴。同时红外光谱测试显示锡层内面棕黑色物质为生漆,可能混合其他胶结材料。以上结果为研究战国时期彩绘陶器,特别是锡涂陶的制作工艺及发展提供了新的资料。     

馆藏唐代彩绘人物俑颜料分析与修复保护

为确定深圳博物馆藏唐代彩绘人物俑颜料的矿物成分,利用X射线荧光能谱仪、X-射线衍射仪等对这批俑的颜料成分进行了分析,结果表明:红色颜料为铅丹、朱砂;黑色颜料为无定形碳黑;白色颜料为铅白和高岭土等.同时,将其与陕西省内相关地区的彩绘陶俑或壁画颜料进行了对比,得知其所使用的颜料与后者基本一致.在此基础上,针对这批人物俑的保存现状,遵循最小干预等文物保护的基本原则,对其实施了表面附着物清理、拼对、粘接、修复补全等保护修复技术措施,使其恢复了原有面貌,取得了较为理想的保护效果.     

两尊唐代彩绘鎏金佛教造像的检测分析

利用超景深显微镜、X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、X光照相等分析手段对长安区唐墓新出土两件罕见的彩绘鎏金青铜佛教造像的本体表面成分、内部结构及颜料成分进行了科学分析。两尊造像经过铸造、打磨、鎏金、彩绘等制作工序。分析检测显示两尊造像均以铅锡青铜一次性浇铸而成,经打磨修整后以金汞齐在外表通体鎏镀金层,表面彩绘蓝色颜料为蓝铜矿,红色颜料含朱砂和铅丹。     

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On the Unseriousness of Human Affairs: Teaching,Writing, Playing,Believing, Lecturing,Philosophizing, Singing,Dancing

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