先秦货币地名与历史地理研究

先秦货币地名与历史地理学各个组成部分(如经济地理、城市地理、政治地理和交通地理)之间有密切的关系,利用先秦货币地名资料对于历史地理学,特别是先秦货币地理研究具有重要的参考价值.     

近70年来中国历史城市地理研究进展

历史城市地理是历史地理学的重要分支之一。近70年来,中国历史城市地理研究经历了奠基与探索、缓滞、复苏与拓展、深化与融合等发展阶段,在研究内容拓展、理论与方法总结、新技术探索等方面取得了长足进步和丰硕成果,促进了中国历史地理学的整体发展。基于近70年来历史城市地理领域的代表性研究论著,总结了中国历史城市地理研究的阶段性特征,论述了九大专题领域的研究进展,并对历史城市地理研究相关问题进行了辨析,对今后的研究趋向加以展望。     

秦汉史研究的新进展——中国秦汉史研究会第十三次年会暨国际学术研讨会综述北大核心CSSCI

2011年8月召开的"中国秦汉史研究会第十三次年会暨国际学术研讨会",主要围绕着东汉史与秦汉时期的南阳、社会政治、社会法制、经济与地理、儒学与思想以及考古、简牍与文献等问题进行了深入研究和讨论。此次会议既有历史地理的考证和文献阐释的学术问题,也有研究汉代货币经济、乡村政治与民族边防等重大历史问题,视域新颖,参与广泛,体现了当今史学研究的最新进展。     

史念海教授对中国历史地理学的杰出贡献

史念海教授是我国杰出的历史地理学家。他在将近 70年的学术生涯中 ,坚持“为世所用”的原则 ,努力从事中国历史地理学研究 ,并取得了重大的成就。他对中国历史地理学史进行了深入研究 ;发掘了中国历史地理学的社会功能 ;提出了文献记载与实地考察相结合的研究方法 ;促进了沿革地理学的发展 ;树立了黄河流域环境变迁研究的丰碑 ;开辟了历史农业地理研究的新领域 ;揭示了人口稠密地区形成和演变的内在机制 ;奠定了历史军事地理研究的基础 ;提高了历史文化地理研究的层次 ;对历史民族地理进行了独到的研究 ;对历史上的交通问题进行了系统探索 ;对陕西历史地理的研究取得了丰硕的成果 ;创立了中国古都学 ;阐明了地方志的价值 ;丰富了历史地图学的内容 ;创办了中国历史地理学的定期刊物 ;培养了历史地理学的研究队伍     

В.В.巴托尔德的中亚历史地理研究及其贡献

巴托尔德是俄国著名的东方学家。他运用历史批判的研究方法,率先将中亚历史地理问题研究纳入科学轨道,成为中亚历史地理学的奠基人。他以解决实际问题为目标,以考古学、阿姆河流向、人工灌溉和政权更迭等问题为导向,对中亚区域史地问题进行研究,构建了他的中亚区域历史地理观。开启了中亚历史地理研究的先河;他的中亚区域历史地理观,对中亚历史地理学科的发展具有重大指导意义,对当今区域历史地理研究和国别研究具有深远影响。     

三门峡市陕州区出土空首布释文订补

河南省三门峡市陕州区出土一批窖藏空首布,因其铸造精良、铭文丰富,成为研究先秦货币文字与历史地理问题的重要实物资料。三门峡市博物馆积极整理了这批空首布资料,但在文字释读方面仍存在若干可商之处。本文在《三门峡市陕州区春秋空首布窖藏整理简报》一文的基础上,对其释文进行校订与补充,以推动学界更好地利用这批出土货币资料。     

2011年中国钱币学研究综述

2011年的中国钱币学研究,在几个领域都有比较重要的成果出现。其中,关于历代银锭的研究是主要的亮点,一些学者将实物研究与历史研究相结合,对白银货币的生产、管理、征收等方面进行了探讨。货币史方面,关于战国时期货币单位“钎”的探讨,以及利用日本境内出土的中国铜钱对北宋和明代的货币经济进行比较的研究值得关注。     

近30年中国历史医学地理学研究的成就与展望

最近30年来中国历史医学地理学主要领域的研究论文总量呈上升趋势,其中历史疾病地理研究为传统领域,论文最多,占80.53%;历史健康地理研究为新兴热点,论文逐年增多,占19.47%。开展中国历史疾病地理学研究的学科主要是历史学、地理学和中医学,开展中国历史健康地理学研究的学科主要是中医学、地理学和历史学。中国历史医学地理学已形成6大研究领域,即历史疫灾地理,历史传染病地理,历史药物地理,历史疗养地理,历史地方病地理,历史长寿地理。中国历史医学地理学研究存在学科发展不平衡、理论体系不完善、研究队伍较分散、研究方法待集成等问题,亟需拓展研究领域、充实研究内容、加强理论研究、重视人才培养、集成先进技术、对接国家需求。中国历史医学地理学应成为历史地理学和健康地理学的重要分支,更好地服务"健康中国"的建设。     

自然地理环境对先秦货币铸行的影响

探索历史货币的产生、流通和地理环境之间的相互关系,应是历史货币地理研究的重要内容之一。这项研究的出发点,就是把货币及其流通与相应的地理空间相联系,把由地理位置、自然地理环境、经济地理环境和社会文化环境等综合构成的整体地理环境,视为影响和制约货币和货币流通空间状态的最基本因素。以研究特定空间背景下的货币为内容,发现由综合因素构成的整体地理环境与货币流通之间的相互关系。而就上述所论的整体地理环境而言,自然地理因素显然是其他环境因素的前提和基础。因此。     

B.B.巴托尔德的中亚历史地理研究及其贡献

B.B.巴托尔德是俄国著名的东方学家.他运用历史批判的研究方法,率先将中亚历史地理问题研究纳入科学轨道,成为中亚历史地理学的奠基人.他以解决实际问题为目标,以考古学、阿姆河流向、人工灌溉和政权更迭等问题为导向,对中亚区域史地问题进行研究,构建了他的中亚区域历史地理观.开启了中亚历史地理研究的先河;他的中亚区域历史地理观...     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.