考古遗址的三维再现

虚拟现实(VR—VinualReality)意指计算机产生的三维交互环境。它近年来在技术研究领域十分活跃,它汇集了计算机图形学、多媒体技术。人工智能、人机接口技术、传感器技术、高度并行的实时计算技术和人的行为学研究等多项关键技术。虚拟现实是多媒体技术发展的更高境界,是这些技术高层次的集成和渗透,它给用户以更逼真的体验,     

浅谈考古遗址公园文化展示

中国有着数目众多的考古遗址类文物,体现着中国悠久的历史文化发展脉络。目前,考古遗址保护已经成为文物保护领域的重头戏,各地掀起了建设考古遗址公园的热潮。遗址展示已经成为考古遗址公园建设的重要手段,而文化展示在这方面发挥的作用依然有限。利用考古遗址公园平台进行优秀传统文化展示,对于考古遗址公园具有重要的现实意义。     

考古与遗址公园——国家考古遗址公园建设中的两个定位

国家考古遗址公园是近年来我国大遗址保护的一种创新模武.在建设过程中,我们既要正确理解国家考古遗址公园的定位,处理好"考古遗址"与"公园"之间的关系,确保考古遗址公园的特质属性和发展走向,也要全面准确把握国家考古遗址公园中考古工作的定位.这种正确的定位有利于考古遗址的科学保护、深入研究及有效展示,同时也有助于推动中国现代...     

考古遗址博物馆策展人的文化素养

考古遗址博物馆对于文化遗址的研究、展示和保护具有非常重要的意义,而策展人在其中发挥了巨大的作用。文章在介绍考古遗址博物馆的基础上,着重对考古遗址博物馆策展人的文化素养进行探讨,希望能够为促进考古遗址博物馆的发展有所裨益。     

大遗址保护与考古遗址公园建设

建设考古遗址公园,是新时期大遗址保护新模式,是建设和谐社会和中华民族共同精神家园的重要举措。建设考古遗址公园的根本目的是保护遗址、服务考古。考古遗址公园建设必须科学规划,严肃论证,循序渐进,稳妥扎实。考古学家应积极支持考古遗址公园建设。文物管理部门应对考古遗址公园建设热情支持,善加引导,健全规章,严格管理。     

试论考古与遗址保护

一、考古遗址的价值功能(一)古代遗址的价值功能保存至今的古代遗址,其价值功能主要体现在如下三个方面。第一,历史载体。除了传世的古代文献之外,我们了解古代历史的惟一途径就是发掘古代遗址。任何一个古代遗址,都是人类     

考古遗址公园保护研究

历史遗址是证明古人存在的最直接的证据,我们通过历史遗址的研究能直观的了解历史,了解古人的生活习惯和生活方式,换个角度来讲,考古遗址作为我国物质文明的载体,对传播民族文化发挥了很重要的作用,所以考古遗址公园的保护工作就显得非常重要。     

谈谈考古遗址的展示保护

本文讨论了考古遗址的风化状况和原因,指出考古遗址的破坏是多种因素共同作用而产生的,为了保护考古遗址,就要采用多种相应的技术措施。这些措施包括:保护房的建设、地下水的治理、土体的机械和化学加固及生物因素的控制等。在遗址保护中要根据实际情况选择保护手段。     

考古工作与考古遗址博物馆展示传播的关系

考古工作为考古遗址博物馆提供藏品、展品和丰富的考古信息,而考古遗址博物馆是进行考古宣传与教育的重要阵地。在考古遗址博物馆中,为了更好地展示并传播考古信息,考古人应改变以往的工作方式,树立展示传播的意识,不是"窄播"意识,而是"广播"意识,并非只考虑将考古成果"窄播"给考古圈内的学者,也要"广播"给博物馆展览策划师、广大公众;而且考古人应该从田野考古、发掘报告、科学研究三个方面为考古遗址博物馆提供强有力的支撑。     

基于3D技术设计制作具有楚艺术特征的游戏场景

中国的游戏发展应立足于更加民族话的方向,饱含民族化的东西才更容易被认同被接受。本文通过对荆楚建筑文化的特征分析将其作为游戏场景参考,使得设计的游戏场景具有一定的荆楚文化底蕴使更其具有独特的艺术魅力。     

The impossibility of resurrecting the past: Reconstructions on archaeological excavation sites

Abstract

Since the beginnings of archaeological research, scientists have attempted to explain the past to a larger public. In the nineteenth century the quality of reconstruction drawings by architects was high but, after excavations were finished, the sites were left as they were, without conservation, while the movable finds were exhibited in the great museums of the European capitals. Today's mass tourism, however, demands attractions at the original ancient sites. The tourist industry, which brings by far the largest pool of visitors to the sites, sets the standards, but its interests centre on quick and simple ‘consumption’ of impressive ruins. Different methods have been employed in creating tourist attractions – from reconstructing ancient buildings to having museum staff in costume demonstrate elements of daily life in history. But it is the ruins on excavation sites, even in their damaged state, that are the irreplaceable, authentic records of the past. Archaeological preservation, therefore, has to mean uncompromising conservation of the damaged original remains. They should not be sacrificed for the sake of questionable ‘progress’ or popularization.     

Interpreting the past: Presenting archaeological sites to the public

Abstract

A wide range of methodologies have been applied to promote the conservation of exposed and managed archaeological sites, including shelters. Commonly used as a protective measure in many areas of the world, shelters are not as common in the USA. In addition there have been few efforts to evaluate scientifically their use and efficacy. As a response to the recognized need to further scholarship and dialogue about shelters, a colloquium on the topic was held in Tumacacori, Arizona, in January 2001. The colloquium goals focused on research, exchange of information, the advancement of methodological approaches, incorporation of sheltering concepts into planning processes and identifying field needs. To achieve these aims, the following four themes were developed:

? deciding to shelter

? establishing conservation, design and construction criteria

? designing and constructing shelters

? evaluating shelter performance.

The colloquium followed a course of presentations, site visits and a final plenary session summing up the issues put forth. Participants represented a cross-section of disciplines and a range of international experiences.     

基于Remake的三维建模技术在摩崖石刻数字化重建中的应用

由于长期暴露于自然环境中,许多摩崖石刻在日晒雨淋、风沙磨蚀等多种因素作用下不断风化,前景堪忧。因此,当务之急是采取有效的措施保护和保存这类珍贵的文化遗产。数字化三维重建技术能够完整地保存石刻现状,为日后的维护、修复和学术研究提供真实、详尽的科学依据。基于Remake三维建模技术的方法与特点,本工作探讨该技术在摩崖石刻数字化重建中的应用。以广西桂林"桂海碑林"内的石刻为研究对象,运用Remake软件对数字相机获取的数字影像进行处理,对摩崖石刻进行快速精确的逆向建模。同时,将三维扫描仪获取的点云数据与本研究获取的模型数据进行同名点精度检测,分析Remake三维重建的精度。三维模型数据可以作为数字档案进行存档和展示,加强对摩崖石刻类文物的保护措施,具有重要的意义。     

3D modelling of magnetic data from an archaeological site in north-western Tlaxcala state,Mexico

In Archaeology, geophysical methods had been applied usually in a qualitative form, limited only to the use of filters that enhance the data display. The main objective in this work is the implementation of a modelling technique that allows us to reconstruct the geometry of buried bodies and the determination of their depths. This is done by means of the estimation of the magnetic moments of archaeological objects using a three-dimensional mesh of individual magnetic dipoles using the least squares method and the singular value decomposition of a weighted matrix to solve the linear problem. The distribution and shape of the underlying archaeological remains can be inferred. This methodology was applied to an archaeological site called Los Teteles de Ocotitla, in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. A high-resolution magnetic prospection was carried out in three selected areas (terraces). The most important total field anomalies found on each area were inverted, obtaining results that were corroborated by archaeological excavations. This investigation demonstrates the potential of quantitative geophysical methods for the characterization of archaeological structures, in extension and in depth.     

Privatising the public past: The economics of archaeological heritage management

Resumen Los yacimientos prehispánicos de Ca?ada de la Virgen y Teotihuacán, en Méjico, se hayan en el centro de una contienda que mantienen actualmente la arqueología pública, el estado y los intereses privados. Las leyes que protegen el patrimonio cultural de México están siendo pasadas por alto por las políticas de privatización que imponen un valor económico a los yacimientos arqueológicos argumentando que deben aportar un beneficio económico. Las obligaciones de los gobiernos nacionales hacia los yacimientos arqueológicos están siendo socavadas a medida que aumenta el riesgo de privatización de los yacimientos. El público se halla cada vez más desamparado cuando el gobierno, que custodia el patrimonio arqueológico, pone el pasado a la venta. Como evidencian los conflictos de Ca?ada de la Virgen y Teotihuacán estos temas van más allá de lo local, ya que afectan a la globalidad. Los arqueólogos, responsables de proteger el pasado, deben desarrollar una estrategia para frenar esta tendencia, basándose en un mensaje claramente articulado que transmita la urgencia de la crisis que amenaza a los yacimientos arqueológicos.

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Résumé Les sites pré-hispaniques du Ca?ada de la Virgen et Teotihuacán au Mexique sont au centre d'une lutte continuelle entre l'archéologie publique, l'état et les intérêts privés. Les lois protégeant l'héritage culturel du Mexique sont détournées par des programmes de privatisation qui imposent une valeur économique sur les sites archéologiques, avec pour but de réaliser un profit financier. Les devoirs des gouvernements envers les sites archéologiques sont sapés alors que les sites sont de plus en plus en plus abandonnés aux aléas des développeurs privés. Le public perd ses droits de concession lorsque les gouvernements, agissant en tant que gardiens du patrimoine culturel permenttent la vente du passé. Les conflits du Ca?ada de la Virgen et Teotihuacán démontrent bien que ces problèmes vont au-delà de la communauté locale à la communauté mondiale. Les archéologues à qui il est donné de protéger le passé doivent développer une stratégie pour aller à l'encontre de ces tendances, stratégie basée sur un message clair portant sur l'urgence de la crise qui menace les sites archéologiques. De nos jours, les sites archéologiques encourent de plus en plus de risques aux mains des gouvernments. Les programmes économiques de privatisation menacent la perte des droits du public sur son propre passé. Ce passé est un capital symbolique pour le public. Pourtant, c'est le gouvernement qui profite de l'échange de ce capital symbolique contre un capital économique. Cettecommunication illustre deux études récentes émanant du Mexique où ont lieu de tels échanges. L'étude de ces cas se termine par un appel aux archéologues pour travailler plus activement avec le peuple en vue de protéger le passé. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00U1004 00005

     

Framing the past: situating the archaeological in photographs

Archaeology continually reproduces its own images. Speaking archaeology’s visual language is one way we prove membership in the discipline. Many aspects of this visual language have become so naturalized within archaeological representation as to be almost unquestionable: the cleaning of the site, the use of scale, and particular framings and perspectives. How, then, is the production of particular photographic images of archaeology related to the practice of archaeology? Does archaeology look a certain way (in photographs) or are archaeologists reproducing an archaeology according to the way it is thought it should look? Using examples of early photographs from Latin American archaeological expeditions, this article investigates not only photography as an applied technology for scientific recording, but also its power to situate archaeological knowledge. Drawing on recent reflective and critical developments in both the history of archaeology and visual anthropology, it uses five focal points – trace, objectivity and authenticity, sight/site, still lifes, and still lives – to argue that early-twentieth-century archaeological photographs of Latin America participated in the generation of an ‘authentic’ past rather than simply paid testament to it.     

3D reality-based artefact models for the management of archaeological sites using 3D Gis: a framework starting from the case study of the Pompeii Archaeological area

This work describes the procedures, the different techniques and the pipeline used for creating a digital framework that should assist the Superintendence of Pompeii in the digital reconstruction, classification, management and visualisation of archaeological finds inside an advanced 3D web-based repository of reality-based data. Specific topics have been focused on the quality assessment procedures adopted to ensure consistency and reliability of data throughout the whole 3D models acquisition and pipeline creation, as well as on the particular semantic reality-based structure adopted to develop an information system into a knowledge one. The main purposes of our framework have been the usage of 3D digital models as a restitution of the real object and as a metaphor for navigating through the data; 3D models were used as archaeological cognitive systems and developed as a collection of structured objects, identified through a precise terminology that allows to easily extend the concept of 2D GIS to 3D GIS. In addition, the system was developed as a scalable application that allows the use of the same database by different users, simply filtering the data according to the specific requirements, and can operate both as standalone and web-based application.     

Monitoring the burial environment of terrestrial wet archaeological sites in The Netherlands

Abstract

Monitoring the burial environment of archaeological sites is necessary to assess the success of their preservation in situ. Also, monitoring the state of preservation of actual archaeological remains together with that of their burial environment will further our understanding of the degradation processes acting on archaeological remains in situ. These remains consist not only of objects made from wood, metal, stone, etc., but also of pollen, soil features and even micromorphological features. Although, to date, the precise degradation mechanisms of archaeological remains in situ are not yet fully understood, general agreement exists on which parameters should be monitored in wet terrestrial environments. Also, it has been established that in situ measurements are preferable to laboratory analyses of soil (water) samples. In practice, it is difficult to find suitable monitoring equipment for in situ measurement as it must meet many requirements: an in situ measuring principle; stable for a period of at least several months; robust for use in the field; and equipped with a datalogger. A suitable principle exists for measuring the redox potential, however a simple, robust field instrument with datalogger is not yet available. Monitoring of the water table level, temperature and oxygen content is possible with recently developed, commercially available instruments. Monitoring of acidity is less complex as it does not vary as rapidly as, for example, the redox potential; however, the recommended method is still based on analysing soil samples, which is not acceptable in the long term at archaeological sites.