改革十年：庞贝管理自治权的兴衰（下）

1997年9月,一项特别法案赋予庞贝考古遗址新的身份——从意大利文化部的地方直属管理局改制为一个自治管理局.2008年7月,意大利总理宣布庞贝进入为期一年的紧急状态,并委任一名特别专员以应对“该考古遗址的严峻局势”.本文旨在回顾庞贝在这十年间的转型,考察其重大机构改革,并分析其间的工作以及人力和资金管理的演变.本文除关注专业问题之外,还着重研究文化机构问责制的作用,以及意大利公共行政管理体系的特征,并对公共机构转型是否存在全球统一的路径提出质疑.     

十年乙烯梦（上）

2007年12月18日．对武汉市来说是一个值得纪念的日子。这一天,位于洪山区的八吉府,彩旗飘扬,锣鼓喧天,一派热气腾腾景象。湖北、武汉人民盼望多年的中国石化武汉80万吨乙烯工程今天奠基了。     

言慧珠：瞬息风华的戏剧人生（上）

小时候,父亲（章伯钧）曾对我说“好的东西都令人不安。如读黑格尔,看歌德,听贝多芬。”[编者按]     

革命的形成：清季十年的转折（中）

清季十年间,朝廷正以前所未有的速度和广度推行全面改革,并无太多特别明显的暴戾苛政和“失道”作为,却爆发了革命,且能较为轻易地速成。对于从帝制到共和的“五千年之大变”,应有更深层的梳理、分析和诠释。帝国主义的全面入侵,造成中国权势结构前所未有的巨变。中外竞争的新局面使朝野面临着政治方向、政治结构和政治伦理的根本变革。一个推行了数千年的小政府政治模式,被迫走向必须展现政府作为的“富强”新路;而制度的困境,则使新政带有自毁的意味。更因政治伦理的转换远不如条文制度那样可以速成,政治体制的转型便遇到进一步难以逆转的困境,终不得不让位于被认为更迅捷更有效的革命。     

试论唐代对乾陵的管理和保护（上）

乾陵是唐高宗李治与女皇武则天的陵墓,建于公元684年。不但是唐代一座重要的陵寝,也是中国古代帝王陵寝的重要组成部分。以往对它的研究多注重陵园结构、石刻制度以及相关礼仪等方面,而于陵寝管理和保护等方面的研究相对薄弱。本文依据大量史料并结合考古、调查资料从诸多方面初步探讨了唐代对乾陵所采取的管理制度和保护措施。     

福建古近代渔政管理碑刻遗存（上）

目前中国近海渔业资源枯竭的危机越来越严峻,与人类无度的索取行为有关。发展海洋经济,首先要保护渔业资源,改善渔业资源生态状况。保护渔业资源离不开公权力,也离不开民间的"自觉遵守"。在古代和近代福建沿海各地方宗族和有识之士,通过乡规民约约束与监管,取得良好的成效。古碑刻是古代乡村社会官府和地方士绅治理历史的一个侧面记录,具有重要的历史价值。本文通过对福建沿海县市田野调查,从福建沿海各县市现存的港澳滩涂和近海管理的碑刻中,发现和挖掘先人在海洋资源利用领域的智慧,总结前人的渔业管理实践,为当今的渔业生产服务。     

高等教育综合改革背景下的高校人事档案管理改革探索

高等教育综合改革对高校人事档案管理工作提出了新要求,为此高校档案管理工作者必须加强学习提高业务素质;搭建人事档案管理新体系;加强信息沟通及时收集整理人事档案材料;改革传统档案管理模式,提升档案管理利用效率,同时要加强档案管理应用的信息化水平。     

唐卡的命名与绘制人物区分（上）

近年来,随着佛教艺术品在世界范围内收藏品市场的走俏,作为藏传佛教特有的绘画艺术表现形式之一的唐卡艺术亦逐步走出神秘的宗教环境,进入世俗的殿堂,成为收藏界的新宠。但由于宗教的神秘性以及藏传佛教教理的博大精深,使得唐卡艺术在向世俗化发展的历程中还带给了许多爱好者以困惑与不解。例如：如何对唐卡进行恰当的命名;如何准确的区分经常被绘制在唐卡上的佛教诸神及其眷属。     

元代景德镇青花瓷的烧制工艺（上）

元王朝于至元十五年(1278年)在景德镇设立了“浮梁瓷局”后,使景德镇瓷业出现了许多新工艺、新装饰、新器型和新画面。青花瓷就是其中一颗灿烂的明珠,它的成功烧造,使景德镇的制瓷工艺和装饰艺术在全国窑业中名列前茅,也因此成为全国的制瓷中心。下面根据文献和笔者在窑址调查中对出土的元青花瓷片和窑具的仔细观察分析和对高仿元青花的实践体会,来复原元青花瓷烧制工艺中的主要四个部分,对于同好鉴别元代青花瓷当不无裨益。一、胎泥、釉料的制备对于元代景德镇青花瓷胎泥、釉料的主要产地及其配制工艺,刘新园先生在《蒋祈〈陶记〉著作时代…     

春秋战国汉代的特种工艺镜（上）

商西周是中国青铜器的黄金时代,青铜艺术发展到了顶峰,其铸造之精良,造型之美观,纹饰之优美和富于变化,已达到了无以复加的地步。但是,商西周居于青铜文化中心地位的,是所谓“国之大事,在礼与戎”的青铜礼器和青铜兵器,而作为日常生活用品的青铜镜,并未受到重视。春秋战国之交,社会大变革,思想大解放,礼崩乐坏,     

The Temple of Venus (Pompeii): a study of the pigments and painting techniques

We report here on a study of 57 fragments of wall painting excavated from the Temple of Venus (Pompeii). These samples were characterised by a wide range of analytical methods. Data showed that the palette is varied, although not so broad as that found in other buildings in Pompeii, and is consistent with pigments used elsewhere in Pompeii and in the Roman Empire. It is composed of: natural earths, minerals and rare artificial pigments. Paintings are made up of thin paint layers (0.01–0.10 mm thick) strongly adhering to the underlying preparation layer. Nonetheless, in some cases thicker layers (up to 0.40 mm) were recognised, often spread on other previous painting layers. Samples were also compared with the microstratigraphic criteria developed in Piovesan (2009) to distinguish wall painting techniques. This comparison demonstrated that both fresco and lime painting techniques were adopted.     

Electric and magnetic tomographic approach for the geophysical investigation of an unexplored area in the archaeological site of Pompeii (Southern Italy)

The joint application of electric and magnetic techniques for near-surface exploration represents a very useful tool for archaeological investigation and can provide a quantitative contribution to describe the spatial distribution of buried objects. In this work we show a new advanced tomographic approach, based on the parallel inversion of magnetic and electric observed data, aimed at the reconstruction of the subsoil of a still unexplored area of the archaeological site of Pompeii (Southern Italy). The survey was performed in collaboration with Pompeii's Archaeological Commission. The comparison between the results obtained from the tomographic inversions of both electrical and magnetic data was carried out in terms of the data inversions, which allowed us to obtain information about the location of the buried geophysical sources in the investigated subsoil. The results obtained seem to be in a good agreement, both for the position of the geophysical sources and for their dimensions.     

Bone preservation in human remains from the Terme del Sarno at Pompeii using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Archaeological bone can show marked and complex alterations depending on the environment in which it was buried. In this study, the state of preservation of 27 femurs recovered from the archaeological site of Pompeii was evaluated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Most of the bone samples, prepared by the grinding method, showed good histological preservation, although they were characterized by microfissures (microcracking). Nine bone samples showed different states of histological preservation, including worst preservation (two femurs), due to diagenetic processes. Cryostat bone sections stained with thionin or 4′,6′-diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) revealed the persistence of DNA within some osteocyte lacunae. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that ultrastructural characters, such as lamellae and collagen fibres, are recognizable only in unaltered bone. Our results reveal that most Pompeian samples are well preserved since they have a bone microstructure virtually indistinguishable from that of fresh bone. In methodological terms, although each of the various morphological methods used contributes information, histological and histochemical analyses are the most informative for studying the preservation state of bone and allow for rapid essential screening of archaeological bone.     

繁昌窑的兴衰

本文以繁昌柯家冲窑为基点展开论述,揭示繁昌窑被发现、被认知的过程,阐述了繁昌窑与传世名画的关系,繁昌窑与周边同时期窑址烧造(青)白瓷的可比性,以及繁昌窑(青)白瓷发展的三大原因:市场需求、技术迁移、工艺先进。同时讨论了繁昌窑衰落的三大原因:瓷土品质粗劣、战争频繁带来经济滞后、防御水灾的能力较弱。     

The Rise and Fall of the Post-War Settlement

The People's Peace: British History, 1945–1989. By Kenneth O. Morgan.
Power, Competition and the State : Vol. 2, Threats to the Postwar Settlement: Britain, 1961–74. By Keith Middlemas.
Power, Competition and the State: Vol. 3, The End of the Postwar Era. By Keith Middlemas.
Selecting the Party Leader: Britain in Comparative Perspective. By R. M. Punnett.
British Politics Since 1945: The Rise and Fall of Consensus. By David Dutton.
UK Political Parties Since 1945. Edited by Anthony Seldon.
British History, 1945–1987: An Annotated Bibliography. By Peter Catterall.