加央曲扎的创业经（英文）

正"Serve the people;help untie the most difficult of straps;sympathy for the masses at large!" "Donate funds to those in need!" "Generously invest in the cause of healthcare and contribute to the lives of countless households;this is how you show your moral merits!"     

WHEN TASHI DELEK MEETS ALOHA

正One is isolated on the roof of the world known as the nearest place to the sun;the other is a paradise,an archipelago in middle of the Pacific Ocean.While at first glance they may seem worlds different,the two surprisingly share quite a bit in common.Why not take a closer look?"Tashi Delek!"is the most well known and popular Tibetan greeting.The phrase is imbued with auspiciousness,wishes for good luck,hopes for peace,and many other such understandings.For the people of Hawaii,"Aloha!"similarly indicates feelings of love,     

Protection of Lhalu Wetland

Lhalu Wetland is regarded as "the lung of Lhasa City" or its kidney showing its importance to the well-being of the capital of the autonomous region.Located in the north of the city, it used to be a piece of land belonging to a noble family named Lhalu. A typical highland marshland-type wetland, it is the highest of its kind in the world formed by the joint influence of the freezing grassland weather and its special geography.     

试论英国在廓尔喀两次入侵西藏中的角色问题(英文)

<正>In 1788, Gurkha invaded Tibet in the name of "silver-money trade conflict" for the first time. When Tibet local government responded in a flurry and the Ambans asked Qing court for help with urgency, Drungpa Hutoktu, the regent of Tsang, wrote to Lord Cornwallis to seek help in the name of Panchen Lama, keeping from the Ambans. Lord     

Marsone, Pierre, The Steppe and the Empire: The Formation of the Khitan [Liao] dynasty-4th-10th Centuries [History]

Conventional treatments of Chinese history include a "Liao/Khitan dynasty" existing on the northern frontier from 907 to 1125,ruled by the ethnically distinctive Khitan (Qidan) people.As Pierre Marsone points out in the foreword to La Steppe et l'Empire,in many histories discussion of this polity is absent or perfunctory.Indeed the work to which Marsone's title alludes,the classic 1938 L'Empire des steppes by René Grousset,presented a comprehensive history of steppe empires yet spared only a few pages of its bulk for the Khitan state.Such neglect obstructs historians' understanding of long-term trends.The Chinese world had seen powerful empires with some degree of "foreignness" before,but this was a new kind of entity that proved immune to the accustomed methods of Chinese policy.Too powerful to play off against other states,with an administration too systematized to succumb to personal politics,the Liao/Khitan empire became such a fixation of Northern Song (960-1127) policymakers that the political history of the latter cannot be effectively told without frequent reference to the former,and it is no coincidence that the two Asian superpowers collapsed nearly simultaneously.In turn,the Liao/Khitan empire set the precedent for the stable hybrid bureaucratic states that were so important in later Chinese history.Marsone's work makes the valuable contribution of clarifying how this empire came into being.The resulting account is an invaluable corrective to dynastically delimited narratives in which the Liao empire appears in the tenth century as an abrupt and novel development,epitomizing the Great Man model of history in the form of its founder,Yelü Abaoji.     

PEOPLE IN THE BARKOR STREET

<正>Editor's Note:According to local custom in Lhasa,people refer to the area around the Jokhang Temple as"Barkor Street"."Lhasa"is"the Buddha's land"in Tibetan.In the hearts of Tibetan people,the Jokhang Temple is one of the most holy places because a statue of the twelve-year-old Sakyamuni is enshrined and worshiped there.Every year,the temple attracts many Tibetan Buddhist monks and disciples come from far away and pay homage to the Buddha.As time passed,the area of Barkor Street around     

FOUR GENERATIONS OF HOUSES IN THE TSUSUM VILLAGE: A MINIATURE OF THE GREAT CHANGES IN CHINA'S BORDER AREAS

正Tsusum, a border village some 2,000 kilometers east of Lhasa and 6,000 kilometers from Beijing, is in the Tsosisumkyi Township of Zanda County in Ngari Prefecture. The road to the village is both longer and tougher than even the well-known difficult road leading to the Metok County.Tsusum means"dried-up lake"in Tibetan. With an elevation of 4,000     

DAINZIN:A Legislative Committee Member

Waigyi Lhunzi, hidden in high mountains andstraddling the Supansili River, is regarded asnumber one county in Tibet, producing manyhistorical celebrities.One of these was Gar Tongtsan, a minister underSongtsan Gambo, who was sent to Chang'an (presentday Xi'an) to persuade the emperor of the Tang Dynasty(618-907) to allow Princess Wencheng to marry his king.Another is Tome Sangbozha, one of the "sevensaints" in Tibet.The third is Dainzin, according to many of thosewith whom I talked dur…     

RECOLLECTION ON CONSTRUCTION OF Damxung Airport

One day in April 1956, the Gaxag government of Tibet summoned me to the office where Galoon Soikang Wangqen Geleg and some others told me: "the Central Government has decided to build the Damxung Airport. The Tibet Work Committee has decided to put you in charge of the task."The news filled me with excitement, as it would be the first airport to be constructed in Tibet.On the second day, in Lhasa, I met with representatives of various counties in Nyingchi, Shannan, Xigaze and Nanggarze…     

MADAM LEI JUFANG AND HER PROGRAM ON THE INHERITANCE OF TIBETAN MEDICINE

<正>At 9:50 in the morning on Sep.13th,2014,the eleven of us in"the Interview team to Southwest Tibet"finally arrived at the Nyingchi Mainling Airport,the most difficult airport in China at which to land a plane,despite it being at Tibet's lowest altitude.Setting our feet on the land of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Valley,we thought of what it was like in the air as we traversed the alpine region,where the narrowest space was no further than 4     

A College Student's Rural Journey: Early Sociology and Anthropology in China Seen through Fieldwork on Sichuan's Secret Society

This paper focuses on the investigators of rural society in the Republican period,specifically research made through fieldwork on the Gowned Brothers (or,Paoge) in 1940s Sichuan.It takes up one such investigator,Shen Baoyuan—a student at Yenching University;her youthful work never became published or recognized.The present study reveals how the pioneers of Chinese sociology and anthropology,who called themselves "rural activists," tried to understand rural China.It argues that the developments in those fields in China of the 1920s and 1940s made it possible for us today to have a better understanding of the contemporary rural problems.The investigators played an important role in the Rural Construction and Rural Education Movements in Republican China.They show us how Western sociology and anthropology were localized in order to answer "Chinese questions" and to solve "Chinese problems." As source material,these investigations have given us rich records,which in turn have become precious sources and historical memories of rural China's past.     

Weather Forecasting Vital FOR NYINGCHI

In the summer of 1998,Nyingchi Prefecture wasexposed to historically rareflooding and waterlogging. Avast expanse of land was underwater However, the prefecture wasable to minimize its losses largelydue to an accurate weather forecastin March: "Drought in early summer,delayed rainy season, and floodingand waterlogging in the summer"."My headache is to cope withfloods and forest fires," exclaimedCewang Bandian, Commissioner ofNyingchidsefecture. "Our prefecturelies in the southeastern part …     

THE SOCCER TEAM OF NYIRU VILLAGE

正One"hidden village"in the Tibetan-inhabited communities is home to a fashionable and somewhat miraculous occurrence:the rise of a local soccer team. The passion of the people here with regard to the sport can almost be said to be a newly found spirit. With 128 ethnic Tibetan households in total accounting for around 700 people, the small Nyiru Village is not typically the place where one would expect to find avid soccer fanatics, but since the formation of the team, a myriad of wonderful stories have become     

The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Love Is Not Blind

<正>Love Is Not Blind is adapted from a popular Internet novel of the same name,written by Bao Jingjing.It is the first love movie made for Single’s Day in Mainland China.There are many cultural factors in the lines.While introducing the movie to foreigners,the translators will need to use the methods of domestication and foreignization.1.TheApplication ofDomesticationinloveis notblind The so-called"domestication"refers to the method of translation by which the culture of the target language is based on the     

Li, Feng and David Prager Branner,eds., Writing and Literacy in Early China: Studies from the Columbia Early China Seminar

This welcome new collaborative volume tells a story that has not been investigated adequately:the rise and spread of literacy in ancient China.While there is a large bibliography of studies of the writing system itself,few scholars have addressed the question of literacy,that is,how writing was used in society,how people were taught to read and write,and how the practice advanced both geographically from the center to the periphery,and socially from the elite to what one of the contributors calls "the lower orders." Feng Li and David Prager Brarmer are to be applauded for bringing together eleven engrossing articles representing the finest scholarship in English and immensely clarifying these crucial phenomena.Constraints of space preclude consideration of each chapter in this long and carefully annotated book;1 in what follows,I shall attempt to sketch what the book accomplishes and the evidence on which it relies.     

THE MOST SUCCE SSFUL MOUNTAINEERS

Tsering Dorje:I Dream of Climbing Mt. Qomolangma Carrying the Olympic Torch Tsering Dorje,the oldest of the Tibetan professional mountaineers,has successfully reached a total of fourteen of the world's highest mountain summits.His companions jokingly refer to him as"Aku"(meaning"uncle"in Tibetan).However, acting as an uncle,he has to shoulder the responsibilities of team leader to take care of the others.     

THE MODERN FACE of Tibetan Traditional Culture

<正>This series of papers is the phasic result of a research program entitled A Study on the Relationship of Tibetan Buddhism and Ethnic Tibetans, conducted by the"985"Research Center for Contemporary Key Ethnic and Religious Issues of the Central University for Nationalities.Professor Palpal Dorje and his graduate students have worked strenuously for up to 5 years in sociological studies to achieve remarkable results.All papers were published in The Journal of Northwest University Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Science,issue 3,2009).We herewith express our appreciation to Professor Palpal Dorje for his permission to include excerpts from a couple of the papers in this journal.     

LHUNDRUP TSOMO Gets a New House—One of a series of stories of Lhundrup Tsomo

In the middle of the 1980s the Chinese Government launched a campaign of poverty relief entitled the"Eight-Seven Plan to Attack Poverty".Later scholars from the China Tibetology Research Center followed the implementation of the plan by conducting comprehensive academic studies.Subsequently, scholars closely observed the family of Lhundrup Tsomo and her community,Chundul Village in Lhundrup County of Lhasa,for ten years.In this paper and others to come,a series of"Lhundrup Tsomo's stories:Studies in the ...     

The Issue of Tibet in China-US Relations During The Second World War

Even before the 1911 revolution in China, American missionaries, explorers and diplomats had began the process of acquiring knowledge about Tibet and Tibetans in the Chinese Empire. Immediately after the 1911 revolution, the US government, in order to maintain their "Open Door" policy, and to protect their interests in China, demonstrated their disagreement