试论加强水利水资源的管理措施

水资源是人类生存的必要资源,做好水利水资源管理活动,不仅会对人们的日常生产、生活带来很大影响,同时影响到国家的生存安全。所以在实际中,必须充分把握水利水资源管理的关键要素,并采取适宜的措施强化水利水资源管理效果,以此保证社会的和谐发展。     

清代河西走廊的水利纷争及其原因--黑河、石羊河流域水利纠纷的个案考察

清代河西走廊建立了渠坝 ,进行农业灌溉。水利纷争是清代河西走廊主要的社会问题之一 ,这种争水主要表现为两种形式 :同一流域上下游各县之间的争水 ,一县中各渠坝之间的争水。争水矛盾产生的原因 ,有自然因素 ,也有许多社会因素。水资源短缺限制了河西走廊经济与社会的全面发展。     

近代安徽水利事业述论

在以农业为主要经济部门的传统社会里,水利是农业的命脉,安徽是一个农业大省,也是水利大省.近代中国,社会动荡不安,致使安徽水利事业步履艰难;频发的自然灾害,尤其是水、旱灾害,促使人们对水利问题的思考与关注,也迫使安徽人对淮河、长江及其它水利设施进行不同程度地治理.近代安徽水利建设与水旱灾害、科学技术、农业生产等关系密切,这些水利事业的兴办,对防止自然灾害发挥了一定的作用.     

潮汐灌溉与江南的水利生态(10-15世纪)

从宋代至明代,江南地区的潮汐灌溉在技术体系、地域范围上都发生了巨大变化,其原因在于江南地区的水利环境发生了重大变化:塘浦圩田体系的崩溃,使得潮汐灌溉的作用上升,但潮水带来咸水入侵、泥沙淤积等种种危害,使得闸坝的设置与管理日益重要。这一变化趋势自宋代开始,至明代黄浦江取代吴淞江的地位之后,整个江南的水利环境为之一变。感潮区在享用潮水之利的同时,也不得不承受浑潮泥沙的危害,由此最终导致这一灌溉方式的衰落。潮汐灌溉技术与水利环境这种互动的关系,典型的反映了江南感潮区水利生态的变化。     

清代前期西南边疆地区农业生产的发展

清朝前期,实现了国家的统一,边疆与内地政治、经济、文化诸方面的联系不断加强,内地汉族人口大量进入西南边疆地区。在边疆各族人民的辛勤努力下,当地的农业生产有了长足的进步,主要表现在本文从边疆地区耕地面积的扩大;水利的兴修;先进生产技术的推广、农作物产量的提高、边疆茶业的发展等方面。清朝前期,西南边疆地区的土地得到进一步开发,农业生产无论是从技术、品种、产量等方面都有了显著的进步,为边疆的稳定,经济和文化的发展创造了条件。     

评《明清长江流域农业水利研究》

农业水利研究是经济史研究中的一项重要课题。水利是农业的命脉,在以农业为主要生产部门的传统社会中,农业水利具有突出重要的意义。明清时期,随着经济发展。人口增加,太地矛盾日益突出。少量田地能够养活越来越多的人口,主要是由于当时农业生产发展,粮食总产量提高。在推动农业生产发展诸多因素中,农业水利建设是其中重要因素之一。当前在学术界对明清时期农业水利的研究只有少数地区、少量文章发表,还有很多地区和很多问题尚需深入探索研究。著名的中国经济史专家彭雨新、张建民两位先生的《明清长江流域农业水利研究》一书（以下…     

1950-2010年云南高原水资源利用与生态环境变迁

云南和平解放后,按照国家水利方针政策,云南省在农田水利、水力发电、水体养殖、水体旅游、生活及工业用水等方面进行了大力的开发利用和管理,促进了云南经济社会的较快发展。作为云南省人口、工农业重心的云南高原分布有云南省大部分的水利工程,云南高原生态脆弱,水资源的过度开发和管理不善是造成区域水土流失、水体污染、生物减少和自然灾害频繁的重要原因之一。生态环境的不断恶化给人们的生产生活带来严重威胁,自上世纪90年代起,云南高原不得不进行生态修复,并取得部分成效。     

传统水利社会的困境与出路——以民国沅江廖堡地区河道治理之争为例

民国年间,"易淤易潮"的河湖环境与堤垸位置差异使湖南沅江廖堡地区就河道治理问题形成了建闸与浚河两派对抗力量。在双方长达二十余年的争讼中,该区域水利关系所处的动荡局面恰好彰显出中国传统水利社会的内在困境,即传统社会机制有限的调解能力与生态环境持续性衰败之间的矛盾。面对生态变迁的巨大压力,民国政府几经竭蹶,最终借助水利科技实现了这一区域河道治理的近代化变革,使其水利关系得以成功重构,有效改善了农业生产环境。这一过程昭示出传统社会水利治理的近代化发展方向,具有鲜明的时代意蕴,对当下的社会改革也不无启发意义。     

加大农业水利灌溉节水的措施与建议

笔者结合工作实践就农业水利灌溉模式进行了分析研究,并针对农业水利灌溉中节水存在的问题,提出了切实可行的措施。一是制定完整节水体系;二是合理规划;三是建立农业节水补助资金制度,加大农业节水投资力度;四是搞好中低产田节水灌溉。     

明清时期巢湖流域水资源环境与塘坝兴修

巢湖流域众多的江河湖泊,为流域人民的生存繁衍和社会经济发展提供了丰富的水资源。巢湖流域人民在开发和利用水资源的实践中,逐步摸索出一套与本地区相适宜的兴修小型塘坝水利形式。明清时期巢湖流域小型塘坝大量涌现,其数量之多,地区分布之广,都是前所未有的。这些古代塘坝水利设施与田产丰歉休戚相关,在当时生产水平上,发挥着重大工程效益,在抗旱保收、促进农业生产发展方面,有过不可磨灭的历史功绩。有的工程历经沧桑,至今仍发挥着一定的效益,是值得加以重点保护并予以合理开发利用的农业文化遗产。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the