The psychiatric works of Emil Kraepelin: a many-faceted story of modern medicine

A new English language edition of some of the major works of Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), the famous German psychiatrist, appeared in 2002. This essay has been written to mark the occasion. Kraepelin is famous for his psychiatric nosology, specifically the demarcation of dementia praecox (schizophrenia) and manic-depressive insanity (bi-polar disorder). This essay deals not only with these topics but with many other aspects of Kraepelin's psychiatry: his talents as a writer and teacher; his unusual and intense concern with volition; his lack of psychological empathy with his patients, on the one hand, and on the other, his humane care for their physical well-being; his tangled involvement with psychoanalysis; his war on alcohol; his tradition-bound treatment of hysteria; his reflective attempt to understand paranoia; some criticisms of his work; the debate over the role played by his famous diagnostic cards (Z?hlkarten); his misuse of his psychiatric beliefs in the public arena. A conclusion addresses both his shortcomings and his assets.     

中国的文艺复兴——胡适以中国文化为题材的英文作品解析

胡适的大部分英文作品都以中国文化为主题.从他博士论文所表现的主旨看,从他对"中国文艺复兴"的历史诠释看,从他中西文化观前后期的演变看,从他在英文语境中与西方汉学家的对话看,他在英文作品里倾注的核心主题是"中国的文艺复兴".胡适的这一历史观既表现了他的民族主义情怀,也反映了他对现代化的基本认识,有着丰富的文化内含和复杂的历史境遇.     

Vienna and the Jews, 1867–1938: A cultural history

This article examines Ernest Belfort Bax's interpretation of the French Revolution and traces the impact that his idea of the Revolution had on his philosophy and his political thought. The first section considers Bax's understanding of the Revolution in the context of his theory of history and analyses his conception of the Revolution's legacy, drawing particularly on his portraits of Robespierre, Marat and Babeuf. The second section shows how the lessons Bax drew from this history shaped his socialist republicanism and discusses his support for Jacobin methods of revolutionary change. The third section of the article looks at the ways in which Bax's reading of revolutionary history affected his internationalism and shows how his ‘anti-patriotism’ led him to support the Anglo-French campaign in 1914. I argue that the Bax's understanding of the French Revolution gave body to his philosophy and greatly influenced his understanding of the socialist struggle. Bax believed that socialists had history on their side, but was so emboldened by the idea of the Revolution that he was led to advance a view of socialist change that undermined the historic values that socialism was supposed to enshrine.     

In The Shadow of the Stuart Pretenders: the Life of Francis Strickland ‘Man of Moidart’ (And Westmorland?)

This paper summarises significant events in the life of Francis Edward Joseph Strickland from his birth in 1691 at the exiled Stuart Court in Saint-Germain-en-Leye, near Paris, to his death in Carlisle during the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. Emphasis is placed on his various roles in the Stuart court and his involvement in the 1715 and 1745 Jacobite rebellions, including his malign influence on Bonnie Prince Charlie and his deteriorating relationship with his godfather James Francis Stuart, the Old Pretender. His life is evaluated in the context of his role and status within the wider exiled Jacobite circle.     

从《味水轩日记》、《六研斋笔记》看李日华绘画史观之转变

明代书画家、收藏家李日华没有象董其昌那样用明晰的语句来概述他对绘画史的整体认识,但从李日华《味水轩日记》、《六研斋笔记》等著作对绘画作品的品鉴中,仍可看到他对绘画史有一个自成体系的把握和理解。本文试图将李日华现存著述、题跋中有关绘画的品鉴和个人认识汇集起来,从而勾勒出李日华的绘画史观念。     

The Jacobinism and patriotism of Ernest Belfort Bax

This article examines Ernest Belfort Bax's interpretation of the French Revolution and traces the impact that his idea of the Revolution had on his philosophy and his political thought. The first section considers Bax's understanding of the Revolution in the context of his theory of history and analyses his conception of the Revolution's legacy, drawing particularly on his portraits of Robespierre, Marat and Babeuf. The second section shows how the lessons Bax drew from this history shaped his socialist republicanism and discusses his support for Jacobin methods of revolutionary change. The third section of the article looks at the ways in which Bax's reading of revolutionary history affected his internationalism and shows how his ‘anti-patriotism’ led him to support the Anglo-French campaign in 1914. I argue that the Bax's understanding of the French Revolution gave body to his philosophy and greatly influenced his understanding of the socialist struggle. Bax believed that socialists had history on their side, but was so emboldened by the idea of the Revolution that he was led to advance a view of socialist change that undermined the historic values that socialism was supposed to enshrine.     

汉武帝追求长生的心路历程

目前学者大多侧重分析汉武帝迷信神仙的原因和弊端,却很少有人关注他追求长生的复杂心态及其变化.在任用方士希求长生的过程中,汉武帝尝尽希望和失望交替的痛苦;在亲临海上求仙或派人到海上寻仙的过程中,汉武帝深谙寻觅失败的滋味;在追求长生的道路上,汉武帝鲜明地体现出屡求屡败,败而不馁的执著;汉武帝晚年终于认识到神仙的虚妄,不再祈求长生,伴随醒悟而来的是些许失落和无奈.     

‘Selig wer auch Zeichen gibt’: Leibniz as Historical Linguist

Abstract

Leibniz’s philosophical and philological interests overlapped at many points, and some of his fundamental philosophical notions shaped his views on language, particularly his thinking about language history, in decisive ways. Although he is better known for his work on universal language, his writings on natural language and language history are worth consideration both for their subtlety and for the insight they give into the complex history of thought on this topic. The principles of sufficient reason, praedicatum inest subjecto, and his doctrine of marks and traces are echoed in his work on natural languages and in his account of their histories. He attempted to reconcile philosophical investigations of the natural languages with the Biblical accounts of the confusion of languages at Babel, and in his approach to etymology he participated in a long tradition of thinking about language and its essence as hidden or secret, the truth of which remains scattered in signs and which etymology alone may occasionally reveal.     

Matthew Paris on the writing of history

Matthew Paris was one of the most prolific and influential historians of the central middle ages. Matthew's significance rests both on the range of his interests and the scope of his writing. Yet, even basic questions about his outlook on writing, his concept of history, or the relationship with his audience, have hardly been asked. These issues are central themes of this article, and will be used to consider wider questions about Matthew's concept of truth, his handling of information, and his view of the world around him. The article, furthermore, extends coverage beyond the Chronica majora or Matthew's vernacular writings to consider his concept of history as it emerges from the totality of his oeuvre.     

Yusuf Islam (aka Cat Stevens) and his anti-war and pro-peace protest songs: from hippy peace to Islamic peace

ABSTRACT

In the 1970s Yusuf Islam (aka Cat Stevens) inspired a generation with his songs on anti-materialism, finding self and peace in such classic albums as Tea for the Tillerman (1970, US 3x platinum) and Teaser and the Firecat (1971, US 3x platinum). In December 1977 he converted to Islam, gave up popular music and focussed on humanitarian and educational work, until he returned to popular music in 2006. Meanwhile, Muslims became associated in the West as intolerant and violent. Yusuf has emerged in the last decade as a voice for progressive Muslims. This article explores the continuities in his music from his Cat Stevens days to his comeback and how he has reconciled popular music and his Cat Stevens past with his understanding of Islam. The focus is on his anti-war and pro-peace songs. It argues that his earlier songs are similar in their messages of world peace through love and unity, though less dark than his post-2006 songs. Additionally, his recent songs have a new message that the world must be more inclusive to achieve world peace. This is connected to him being a Muslim in the West and his feeling of exclusion, in an age when many in the West portray all Muslims as extremists. Consequently, in his recent music he reflects his experience as a Muslim, in the same way as his earlier music reflected the counter-culture of that period. Thus he has gone back to his earlier self after adopting a progressive understanding of Islam. Not Started Completed Rejected.     

Metamorphosis: The Making of Daniel Guérin, 1904–1930

This article explores the early years of Daniel Guérin (1904–88), who from the 1930s onwards became known as a leading revolutionary socialist and campaigner for decolonisation, antimilitarism and homosexual liberation. It examines the ‘making of Daniel Guérin’ in two senses: (i) his transformation from a son of the grande bourgeoisie into a workerist revolutionary and anti-imperialist; and (ii) Guérin's own retrospective representation of his early years through his autobiographical works, as well as interviews. Based on a close reading of these sources, his two novels as well as his private papers and other archival material including police reports, it provides fresh insights into the formative influences on his ideological development. Rather than focusing exclusively on the influence of his liberal, Dreyfusard family, or the impact of his relationships with working-class men or his experiences of colonial realities, it brings to light the influence on him of Tolstoy and of Gandhi, an influence which would inform a strong ethical core in his libertarian conception of socialism. The article also argues that despite the apparently protean nature of his political itinerary, there was in fact always an underlying ideological consistency to Guérin's libertarian Marxism.     

Matthew Paris on the writing of history

Matthew Paris was one of the most prolific and influential historians of the central middle ages. Matthew's significance rests both on the range of his interests and the scope of his writing. Yet, even basic questions about his outlook on writing, his concept of history, or the relationship with his audience, have hardly been asked. These issues are central themes of this article, and will be used to consider wider questions about Matthew's concept of truth, his handling of information, and his view of the world around him. The article, furthermore, extends coverage beyond the Chronica majora or Matthew's vernacular writings to consider his concept of history as it emerges from the totality of his oeuvre.     

Possibilism: An Approach to Problem‐Solving Derived from the Life and Work of Albert O. Hirschman

Albert O. Hirschman is the author of seminal, but prima facie unconnected contributions to the social sciences (‘exit–voice’, ‘linkages’). Yet, his main originality lies in his general approach to problem‐solving which is hidden behind the complexity of his oeuvre. This article intends to disentangle the intricacies of his work and to reveal his specific mode of investigation by making the multifaceted biographical influences on Hirschman's scholarly writings visible. Exhibiting the influence that decisive moments in his life had on his work not only allows us to identify and define his method of ‘possibilism’: it also shows that this approach remains a valid and useful multidisciplinary tool for unorthodox contemporary social analysis.     

尤袤文集首刻时间考及其诗文辨伪辑佚

尤袤是南宋"中兴四大诗人"之一,文章在当时也很有影响。但其诗文在身后却散佚太多,以致声名日小,甚至于渐难以匹配"四大诗人"之盛名。其文集流传情况直接关乎他的声名、影响及文学史地位,本文试着手考察尤袤文集的版本流传情况。通过考辨,认为尤集首刻时间在尤袤当世,其文集在元、明两代尚有流传;同时介绍了尤袤文集的最新整理成果,以及辨伪、辑佚情况。     

孙中山五权宪法思想的演进

辛亥革命以前,孙中山本人虽然基本形成了五权宪法的思想,但是较之于三民主义而言,他的五权宪法思想其实并未得到推广和宣传,当然也没有成为革命的思想基础。辛亥革命期间,南方独立各省制订的约法以及南京临时政府期间制订的《中华民国临时约法》,既非孙中山的本意,当然也不可能体现他的宪法思想,而是与其"五权宪法"相背离的。孙中山在维护"临时约法"、并以之作为反对北洋军阀统治的武器的同时,也对于这个武器进行了批判;在上述"扬弃"的过程中,其五权宪法思想得到了继续发展。孙中山晚年,通过多次演讲,五权宪法思想近乎成熟;1922年6月,叶夏声奉命起草的《五权宪法草案》,可以说是反映孙中山五权宪法思想的一个弥足珍贵的法律文本。孙中山将其毕生奋斗的五权宪法思想及其实现任务,作为政治遗产,留给了后世。与三民主义一样,五权宪法思想的演进轨迹,也体现了非常鲜明的孙中山个人的特点。     

对费正清中国史观的理性考察

美国的中国学研究始于费正清。在半个多世纪里,他以自己独特的视角审视、考察中国。20世纪50年代,他提出了著名的“冲击－反应”模式,用来作为其解释中西文明冲突的工具。多年来,史学界对此多有争论,对他的中国史观也褒贬不一。对费正清的中国史观以及他提出的“冲击－反应”模式的背景及其实质进行一些理性探讨,有利于更好地了解我们的历史。     

梁启超与近代中国社会文化国际学术研讨会综述

在首届“梁启超与近代中国社会文化”国际学术研讨会上,学者们发表了各自有关梁启超的最新研究成果,涉及梁启超的国民和性别观、思想和文化观、哲学和科学观、政法、经济和社会观、民族和宗教观、史学和文学观、新闻、舆论和教育观以及梁启超和同时代重要人物、事件的关系等诸多领域。选题广泛而细微,视角独特而开阔,或对传统看法进行了再审视,或提出了一些新观点,多采用了新的研究方法,发现和运用了新的史料,充分体现了学术创新精神。     

Jean le Bel: portrait of a chronicler

The Old French chronicle by Jean le Bel of Liège in Belgium is one of our most important fourteenth-century historical sources. The author was a pain-staking and self-effacing writer, his aim a reliable and truthful narrative, his language and style remarkable for their directness and purity, his hallmarks clarity, order and intelligence. A canon of the Church and a notable figure in society, he was a man of his time and his narrative is mainly concerned with the ruling classes, yet for the attentive reader there are interesting glimpses of the life of the common man. The portrayal of the figures in the chronicle and Jean le Bel's comments on them show a remarkable capacity for accurate observation and independent thought, and provide evidence of sharp psychological insight. We look at these aspects of his work and at his attitude towards God, his views on great kings, good knights and noble ladies, and the characteristics of different nationalities. We consider judgments about him by his contemporaries and by modern critics, and evaluate his qualities as a writer.     

HOW THE OLD LEFT HAS FOUND A NEW PLACE IN THE MEMORY GAME

In his new book, How Modernity Forgets, Paul Connerton seeks to show a relationship between the workings of late capitalism and the institutionalization of forgetfulness in ever more abstract conceptions of space and time. He uses this argument to explain why the topic of collective memory has waxed so large in contemporary historical scholarship. I interpret his argument in light of his earlier work on habit memory and his still earlier critique of Frankfurt School social theory. I close with some comments on his study in the context of recent work on mnemonic practices in modern culture.