关于《“扬州八怪”批判》的思考

由徐建融《扬州八怪批判》引发的争论,是近20年扬州八怪研究中最值得引起重视的争论。归纳起来,这些争论和分歧主要集中在扬州八怪成员的人品、画品、绘画商品化、师承、在中国绘画史上的地位几方面。     

Modification of Ductility Reduction Factor for Strength Eccentric Structures Subjected to Pulse-Like Ground Motions

This article investigates the ductility reduction factors for RC eccentric frame structures subjected to pulse-like ground motions. The structural models are with the strength eccentricities which are much disadvantageous than the stiffness eccentricities during the inelastic response range. A method to determine the ductility reduction factors of the strength eccentric structures is suggested by modifying those of reference symmetric structures through an eccentricity modification factor. The four factors of strength eccentricity ratio, ductility ratio, story number and velocity pulse of ground motions, are investigated to gain insight into this modification factor. It shows that the ductility reduction factors of the eccentric structures are clearly smaller than those of the symmetric structures. The eccentricity modification factor is mainly affected by the strength eccentricity and the ductility ratio, decreasing with the increment of the eccentricity or the decrement of the ductility ratio in a medium eccentricity range. The earthquake pulse-like effect and the eccentricity have coupling influence on the modification factor, while the effect of story number is not apparent. Based on the results of a comprehensive statistical study a simplified expression is suggested, which can estimate the eccentricity modification factors for both pulse-like and nonpulse-like ground motion cases.     

闵贞不在“扬州八怪”论

陈衡恪《中国绘画史》以闵贞列入“扬州八怪”,本文以文献学方法,从地域、时代、交游、文学修养等方面,对陈氏观点提出商榷。     

Stability of Slender Masonry Columns with Circular Cross-Section under Their Own Weight and Eccentric Vertical Load

This work concerns the stability of unreinforced masonry slender circular cross-sectional columns subjected to their own weight and eccentric vertical load. Cantilever columns are examined, considering that the material has infinitely linear elastic behavior in compression and has no tensile strength. For the analysis, an existing numerical model and solution procedure developed for the stability analysis of masonry elements with rectangular cross-section are utilized and adapted to the circular columns. For the instability of the columns, an appropriate criterion that relates the top lateral deflection to the intensity of the applied eccentric vertical load is employed. By considering a reference column, critical buckling load is obtained, behavior of the column interpreted and efficiency of the numerical model emphasized. Performing a nonlinear buckling analysis using a general purpose software on this reference column, obtained results are compared with those of the adapted procedure of the present study. Implementing parametric analyses on reference column, effects of the column slenderness, eccentricity of vertical load, elastic modulus, and self-weight on the buckling load are investigated. Presented calculation procedure provides a useful tool in order to calculate the critical loads or to check the stability of masonry circular columns.     

Iodization: case report: Indonesia

Historically, most of Indonesia's interior has been severely iodine-deficient, resulting in high levels of endemic goiter and cretinism. In some interior hamlets during the 1980s, cretinism prevalence was found to be 15%, among the world's highest levels. Early in 1995, a national survey of iodized salt consumption found that half of 220,000 households were using adequately iodized salt, 28% inadequately iodized salt, and the rest noniodized salt. A program to teach primary school students about the existence of and rationale for using iodized salt was launched in West Java and six other provinces in 1995. The program was subsequently expanded in 1996 with the training of 100,000 more teachers nationwide. 95% of children in Indonesia attend primary school. Part of Indonesia's goal to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders by the year 2000, the program involves children testing samples of salt consumed at home for the presence of adequate iodine content. Students and parents are then expected to tell their neighbors about the need for iodized salt and share their school iodine test kit with them.