汉语动词“起”一词多义现象的认知研究

一词多义是人类语言的普遍现象,体现了社会、文化的发展及人类认知的不断进步。本文从认知语言学的角度出发,借助原型范畴理论、隐喻和转喻机制及相关理论,对汉语动词＂起＂一词多义现象的形成过程及其语义延伸机制进行剖析,旨在系统地探讨分析多义形成的认知机制及多义词相关义项之间的关联性。     

原型批评理论视角下的《雨中的猫》

文章通过原型批评方法分析美国著名作家海明威的代表作《雨中的猫》,作品中大量使用了对人类历史影响深远的神话原型,该短篇自问世以来,出现了各种不同的、甚至相互矛盾的主题阐释。然而,应用神话原型批评方法,该短篇的深层主题则显现为死亡,使其作品不但具有强烈的反讽意味,而且具有特有的价值寓意,揭示战争给人类带来的巨大灾难和危害。     

从原型范畴理论看翻译标准问题——以《道德经》中“道”的翻译为例

随着现代语言学的发展,在西方,语言学被广泛地运用到翻译的研究中,这其中也包括认知语言学中的原型理论。《道德经》这部中国古典哲学的精髓是除《圣经》外被译为外国文字最多的著作之一。在这众多的译本中,我们应该以一种什么样的标准去看呢?本文主要以《道德经》一书中的"道"的翻译为蓝本从原型理论的角度分析翻译标准的问题。通过分析发现一些基于其它翻译理论的翻译标准问题从原型理论的视角出发也能找到共鸣。同时对于一些具体问题利用原型理论来分析更具有优势。     

简辨认知心理对语言现象的影响

本文主要从认知语言学的基本假设和研究目标出发,以"武松打死了老虎"和"武松把老虎打死了"为例,分析由于认知心理对语言现象的影响,造成把字句与主谓句式表述的差异过程,并试图找出其动因。认知语言学把人们的日常经验看成是语言使用的基础,着重阐释语言和一般认知能力之间密不可分的联系。不同的认知语言学家观点虽不相同,但对语言所持的基本假设都大同小异,都不同程度地认可上这一基本观点。与形式语言学不同的     

Frame Semantics

框架语义学是认知语义学的一个新的研究领域。而认知语义学又是认知语言学的一个重要分支。本文简要介绍了认知语言学和认知语义学的联系,框架语义学的由来和相关概念,以及框架语义学理论在应用上取得的最新成果。     

从认知视角分析同源词

通常汉语同源词都是在常规视角下对其进行研究,考虑其分类、语义特征、意义及作用等方面。然而本文将跳出这一传统的局限性分析,从语言学的认知角度对同源词产生及发展进行简单地阐释。     

认知语言学对英语词汇记忆教学的启示

学习任何一种语言,词汇的习得和掌握都是至关重要的。随着认知语言学研究在国内的兴起,其相关理论在指导英语词汇记忆中发挥了重要的作用。本文首先分析了词汇记忆在英语学习中的重要性;其次,道出了认知语言学的主要思想;最后,表明认知语言学对英语词汇记忆的重要性并告知教师如何利用认知语言学来加强学生英语词汇的记忆。作者希望通过本文使教师对英语词汇记忆的方法有所了解,并能把此方法应用到实践中去。     

从认知语言学视角出发看中日同形词——以“水”和「水」为例

中日同形汉字词汇是日语词汇学习过程中的重点和难点。本文从认知语言学的视角出发对比分析中日同形词,旨在从认知层面剖析其异同产生的原因,以便日语学习者正确使用中日同形汉字词汇。中日同形汉字词汇,一般指在现代汉语和现代日语中表记完全相同和基本相同的词汇。目前,中日同形词相关研究多从词义或使用义的角度进行对比。本文从认知学视角出发,运用原型范畴理论及词义扩展的认知机制,对中日同形词例进行具体分析,旨在揭示中日同形词之间的异同所产生的原因。     

刍议认知语言学对英语词汇教学的启示

认知语言学是一种注重从认知的角度认识和学习语言的理论,对于英语词汇教学具有很多的启示意义。本文从词汇教学的方面出发探讨了认知语言学的含义以及将认知语言学理论应用。     

关于中国古代诗歌批评方法理论模式建构的思考

为了探视中国古代诗歌批评方法的概貌,全面研究中国古代批评方法的丰厚遗产,文章提出以＂可解＂、＂不可解＂、＂不必解＂三种类型为支架,建构中国古代诗歌批评方法理论模式的设想。这个理论模式既有完整囊括所有中国古代诗歌批评方法的广阔空间,又具以简驭繁,以少统多的功效,且在逻辑上显得层次清晰,井然有序。     

The Definition of＂Style＂in Linguistics

在语言学中,针对理解他人和被他人理解,文体或语言表达的风格都扮演着一个非常重要的角色。合理正确的使用各种风格可以使我们的交流更加顺畅。为了能够使我们的写作和语言表达更加清楚,有效力及合理,学习不同的文体风格是非常必要的。     

认知原理在对照语言学中的应用——日语授受关系句型与汉语的表达

本文将日语授受关系句型中对于学习者来说难以掌握的典型用法与汉语表达相比较,尝试认知语言学原理在对照语言学中的应用。本文使用的认知语言学原理为池上提出的事态把握理以及Traugott提出的相互主观化原理。其中,Traugott的相互主观化原理在原有的基础上做了重新定义。本文的考察结果为,日语授受关系句型中体现了说话人主观的事态把握方式,而与其对应的汉语表达则体现了说话人客观的事态把握方式;另外,相互主观化现象在日语授受关系句型中有所体现,而在对应的汉语表达中没有体现。     

Persian Linguistics in the Twentieth Century

This article focuses on Persian linguistics with the emphasis on grammar and word formation in the twentieth century. After presenting a brief overview of the history of the study of grammar in Iran, I discuss the recent trends in linguistics from diachronic to synchronic aspects. In Persian diachronic linguistics, we will see that most works focus on the reading, and deciphering of the old texts. In synchronic studies, there are three main stages: 1) traditional linguistics, 2) structural linguistics, and 3) generative or formal linguistics. I show how each one of these stages affects Persian linguistics in the twentieth century. Finally, I conclude the article by looking at the current state of Persian linguistics and the future prospects for the field.     

Orality in Persian Argumentative Discourse: A Case Study of Editorials

Languages have their own distinctive styles of argumentation. It seems some languages like Arabic and Persian have a preference for using the “oral” features of parataxis, formulaicity and repetition as persuasive devices in argumentation. The purpose of this article is first to examine these “oral” characteristics in Persian argumentation, and then to tie together the two areas of research: the study of orality and the study of metadiscourse. The article claims that these oral characteristics in Persian are means of gaining rhetorical effectiveness. Therefore, they should be considered as metadiscourse devices used to create a bond between writer and reader.     

基于旅游景观认知结构的城市旅游区景观空间配置研究——以西安旅游区为例

国外对旅游景观及其评价的研究已由客观到主观,由宏观到微观,由对景观特征研究延伸到对其内涵的研究,由景观形态到对其功能的研究。在城市旅游区,不同旅游者和城市居民通过"理解"所经历过的空间对其自身生活或旅游的"意义",产生对不同旅游景观区的认知,从而形成旅游认知景观结构。本文以我国城市旅游区(西安)为例对区域旅游景观结构进行探讨,并对景观(要素)空间配置的应用进行了研究。     

Discourse analysis in German-language human geography: integrating theory and method

In the context of various conceptual turns in German-language human geography over the past decades (e.g., linguistic, cultural, and material turns), which have been adopted largely via writings from English-language human geography, theoretical perspectives in these two academic communities have been converging. However, there are still aspects that are quite distinctive for debates in the German-language context. We argue that, for example, in the case of poststructuralist approaches, a distinct development has taken place, which emphasizes the links between theoretical, methodological, and methods-oriented empirical research, e.g., through the operationalization of linguistic methods. Following Michel Foucault's notion of ‘discourse’, these empirical analyses are often referred to as ‘discourse analyses’. This paper gives an overview of the field of discourse analysis in German-language human geography and discusses possible reasons for the different ways in which discourse theories have been emerged and developed in English-language and German-language geography. We argue that there are three developments which make ‘discourse analyses’ in the German context distinct: (1) the significance of theoretical debates on the role of the subject, (2) the intensive interdisciplinary networks within the wider context of German-language social sciences and linguistics, and (3) closely related to the second point, the strong emphasis on questions of methodical implementation.     

语用可迁移性研究概述

从语用可迁移性研究产生的背案、理论基础和Takahashi的实证研究三方面介绍了语用可迁移性研究的现状。语用迁移研究是中介语语用学的一个分支,其理论来源于Eckman的标记性理论,并经由Kellerman等认知心理语言学学者发展出心理语言标记性理论。语言可迁移性研究包括Kellerman的“breken”和“ogg”词汇可迁移性试验及金苏扬的“眼”词汇可迁移性研究。迄今唯一的在语用层面的可迁移性研究为Takahashi的日语间接请求策略可迁移性研究。介绍了其研究方法、步骤及发现。该研究证实学习者在迁移某语用策略时具有选择性,可迁移性同时受到语境,学习者语言水平等因素的影响。提出语用可迁移性研究存在的问题和研究方向。     

语言相对论与语义研究视角摭议

19世纪以来西方语言学关于语言与思维的关系有普遍主义和相对主义两种解释。本文评述洪堡特的观点、萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说、列文森的综合观,探讨语义研究的视角问题,提出研究视角取决于研究目的的观点。不同研究视角之间是互补关系;语义普遍性和民族性是语义性质的两个方面;旨在为语言教学、翻译、词典编撰等提供可资借鉴的成果则自然会选择民族性为语义研究的对象,从种族视角研究语义会选择对比或比较的研究范式。     

《文章辨体》与《文体明辨》的歌行与乐府研究

《文章辨体》和《文体明辨》是朗代两部有一定规模的诗文选集,它们改变以往诗歌选本的作法,把歌行体从乐府诗中分离出来,并从题目、声调和语言等方面对它们的区别进行了深入的研究。     

"This war for men's minds": the birth of a human science in Cold War America

The past decade has seen an explosion of work on the history of the human sciences during the Cold War. This work, however, does not engage with one of the leading human sciences of the period: linguistics. This article begins to rectify this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of linguistics and its concept of study, language, on American public, political and intellectual life during the postwar and early Cold War years. I show that language emerged in three frameworks in this period: language as tool, language as weapon, and language as knowledge. As America stepped onto the international stage, language and linguistics were at the forefront: the military poured millions of dollars into machine translation, American diplomats were required to master scores of foreign languages, and schoolchildren were exposed to language-learning on a scale never before seen in the United States. Together, I argue, language and linguistics formed a critical part of the rise of American leadership in the new world order - one that provided communities as dispersed as the military, the diplomatic corps, scientists and language teachers with a powerful way of tackling the problems they faced. To date, linguistics has not been integrated into the broader framework of Cold War human sciences. In this article, I aim to bring both language, as concept, and linguistics, as discipline, into this framework. In doing so, I pave the way for future work on the history of linguistics as a human science.