熊希龄的慈善思想

熊希龄,湘西人士,中国近代较为著名的政治家、慈善家、教育家。熊希龄一直奋战在慈善第一线,将自己的半生心血投注于慈善事业之中,并形成了独具特色的慈善思想,为后世留下了一份宝贵的精神财富。     

中国近代买办慈善活动的经济学分析

近代买办参与慈善活动基于利己和利他的二元性动机,同时扮演着“经济人”和“道德人”的角色,因而他们的慈善行为也分为亲缘利他行为、互惠利他行为和纯粹利他行为三种类型。而制度的缺失是中国近代慈善事业的软肋,严重制约慈善事业的发展。     

近代以来海外华人慈善活动析论

当今社会,慈善事业扮演着重要的角色.海外华人是推动世界慈善事业的重要力量.近代以来海外华人的慈善活动不曾间断过.财富的累积,素质的提高及中外慈善文化的熏陶促使海外华人慈善事业的发展.但受传统观念等因素的影响,海外华人慈善事业的发展十分缓慢。     

熊希龄慈善思想与实践研究——以香山慈幼院为例

熊希龄是我国著名的政治家与慈善家,他十分的注重慈善教育问题,在北京创办了著名的慈幼机构—"香山慈幼院"。香山慈幼院的创办也是熊希龄慈善思想和实践的具体体现。熊希龄不仅吸收了当时西方先进的慈善理念和管理运作模式,同时也运用中国传统文化去教化和改变受助者,为近代慈善事业做出了伟大的贡献,开近代社会工作事业之先河。     

从地方志看清末民初东北地方精英的慈善参与

清末民初,东北地方精英经办慈善事业的内容从简单趋向繁复;他们多以个人的名义参与慈善事业,有的演变为整个家族的善举,直至许多善士联合成立各种慈善团体,救济平民百姓。其积极地参与慈善事业主要源于中国传统慈善理念的熏染、保护身家性命与在公共领域内发挥济世救人的社会功能等方面的考虑。透过其积极的善举,可以获知东北慈善事业由传统向近代的转变。     

中华慈善文化及其传承与创新北大核心CSSCI

慈善文化是慈善事业生命力的延续和再现,是社会文化的重要组成部分,包含着文化应有的物的(表层)、心的(里层)、心物结合的(中间层)三个层次。古代慈善文化扎根于传统文化的土壤,以政府救助为主体。到了近代,形成了新的思想理念,救助主体也转向了民间,而且出现了慈善家群体,且其救助机构多样,善款来源广泛,救济范围广阔,有了一定的慈善法制建设,体现出浓厚的民族性和文化精神。到了当代,慈善文化曾一度断层,但出现了政府主导的官办慈善与民办慈善并存的局面。慈善史研究应注重弘扬慈善文化的优良传统,坚持慈善文化的传承与创新。     

中国近代慈善史研究的力作——评《中国近代慈善义演研究》

《中国近代慈善义演研究》一书利用新史料研究新问题,立体地呈现了中国近代义演活动与慈善公益之间多元而复杂的互动关系。该著通过义务戏、慈善音乐会、慈善游艺会等不同的娱乐演艺形式,分析中国近代慈善义演的发生发展;通过考察不同社会群体如何主办或参与义演活动,使之服务于各自筹募资金、扶危济难的需求和目的,揭示不同社会环境下义演活动的不同面向。该著是中国近代慈善史甚至是社会文化史研究领域的一项重要研究成果,慈善义演作为考察中国近代慈善与社会的新视角,将大大深化中国近代慈善史、社会史的研究。     

研究慈善历史关注慈善事业——兼评《中国慈善简史》

我国的慈善事业目前尚不发达,慈善史研究也较为薄弱。《中国慈善简史》一书为推动慈善史研究做了一件有意义的事。重视慈善历史的研究,在总结历史经验的基础上关注我国社会慈善事业的发展,是史学工作者应有的责任。     

中国慈善史研究中的几个问题——《中国慈善简史》读后

周秋光著的《中国慈善简史》是目前仅见的包括从古至今中国慈善思想和慈善实践的研究专著,就研究方法和理论阐述都具有重大价值。读后深受启发,联想到中国慈善史研究中存在有下列问题需进一步研究:何谓慈善事业;近代中国的慈善事业与公共领域;中国慈善事业的近代转型与西方影响;中国红十字会起源于何时。     

和谐理念下的慈善功能分析

慈善事业是我国社会保障体系的有机组成部分,和谐社会的构建离不开慈善事业的发展。慈善事业的发展程度是一个社会文明的具体标志。本文认为,在和谐社会构建中,慈善具有公民自我教育、缓和社会矛盾、提升公民意识等价值功能。     

The Ethics of Philanthropy

Abstract

This essay considers the ancient antecedents to the “new field” of the ethics of philanthropy, arguing that key questions such as “to whom should we give our money?” have already been explored by ancient authors and that the answers they give to these questions can be quite different to the answers given by contemporary scholars. By analysing the treatment of giving in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, Cicero’s De Officiis, and Seneca’s De Beneficiis, I argue that the focus of ancient thinkers upon giving within one’s own community can be viewed as a possible response to a number of issues that have been raised by modern scholars, including the “problem of acting at a distance” and the “problem of accountability.” Moreover, these ancient thinkers have additional, positive reasons for thinking that philanthropy should take place within one’s own community, based upon their ideas of man’s natural duty to his political community, and the social benefits that can be derived from local philanthropy. The integration of ancient perspectives, then, into these modern debates, can serve to complement and broaden research in this emerging field.     

Celebrity Philanthropy in Mainland China

Celebrity philanthropy in mainland China is a recent phenomenon that has attracted both media publicity and public controversy. Despite its visibility, few data exist regarding how widespread the phenomenon is, and whether it has been growing over time. This paper addresses this gap, using a sample of entertainment and sports celebrities obtained from publicly available sources to answer three key questions. What proportion of celebrities in mainland China engage in philanthropic activities? When did they become involved in philanthropic activities? With what kinds of philanthropic causes and organisations are they connected, and in what capacity? The paper reveals that, in a very short period of time, mainland China’s top celebrities have become just as involved with philanthropic causes as their North American counterparts. The rapid rise of celebrity philanthropy has been correlated with a series of natural disasters and the explicit encouragement of government authorities, offsetting the absence of a tradition of private charitable activities in the People’s Republic of China since its founding.     

清代湖南的慈善事业

清代湖南的慈善机构不仅数量可观,而且种类也渐趋完备,涉及到慈幼、养老、救济节妇、施医、施棺、义塾、义冢等。其兴办方式大致分为官办、官绅共办、民办三种。不同行业的慈善机构在经营运作的过程中,呈现出许多共性,如官督绅办的管理模式和以官款资助、私人捐赠、以土养产、以息养业等为主的筹资渠道等。湖南慈善事业的契约化、制度化特征,不仅仅是慈善事业管理方式的进步,而且也意味着城市市民社会新的发展。它缓解了社会的波动,促使政府与社会的关系向良性互动方向发展。     

Scientific Philanthropy and Welfare Politics of Solidarity

So far, studies of Swedish 20th-century social policy have emphasized the differences between the voluntary aid common around 1900 and the solidarity of welfare policy at mid-century. Means tests have been described as central instruments in the voluntary social work, while the welfare state was built on general principles of care. The question is, however, if the differences between the earlier and later forms of social policy can be characterized in such simple terms. A comparison has been made of departure points found in the social policies of the two periods. The results confirm that a significantly new way of thinking had taken shape in the years around the Second World War, but the study also shows that that the ideas concerning the welfare state contain threads that can be traced back to the scientific philanthropy of a few years earlier. The idea of social engineering was nothing new, and the idea that rights could be exchanged for duties had still not been deserted in the 1940s. In conclusion it can be said that the welfare state and the welfare politics of solidarity in several respects were built upon the principles of care that were formulated in about 1900.     

唐宋时期慈善事业概说

慈善事业在中国有着悠久的历史,乓中唐宋时期具有划时代的意义。唐朝设置悲田养病坊,用以收养贫病老弱、残疾人及孤儿;宋代政府更为重视慈善事业,先后设置了居养院、安济坊、慈幼局、漏泽园等机构,有针对性地对老弱、疾病、孤幼、死者进行救助,其计划之详尽、规模之宏大、设施之齐全、内容之广泛,在中国历史上二是空前绝后的。     

The Politics of Zoroastrian Philanthropy and the Case of Qasr-e Firuzeh

In Iran and India religious philanthropy has been a feature of Zoroastrian piety as well as providing the means by which both communities have prospered throughout their respective histories. In Iran an elaborate structure for the regulation of charitable donations was already in place during the Sasanian period and laid the foundation for the laws governing pious foundations, awqāf, after the Islamic conquest. The increased interaction between Iranian Zoroastrians and Parsis from the mid-nineteenth century onwards led to the expansion of the Tehran Zoroastrian community and the rise of a wealthy merchant class which in turn enabled philanthropic activity to flourish. This development will be discussed here with reference to a particular vaqf, that of the first ārāmgāh or Zoroastrian cemetery to be established in Tehran in the early twentieth century. The case of Qasr-e Firuzeh spans three successive governments in Iran and gives an insight into the management of a charitable endowment within different political contexts.     

19世纪中期英国中产阶级慈善活动论析

19世纪中期,英国进入从传统农业社会向现代工业社会急剧转型的时期,并形成了以私人慈善、自助互助和政府救济为主要形式的多元救助体系。但由于政府奉行自由资本主义,私人慈善便承担起了大部分的社会责任,中产阶级成为私人慈善活动的主力。私人慈善尽管不是社会发展的核心要素,但它却是英国社会转型的润滑剂,发挥着政府救济不可替代的作用。