论京瓷公司的管理优势

稻盛和夫创立的京瓷公司已经走过半个世纪的历程。京瓷和其子公司第二电电株式会社都进入了“世界500强”。之所以取得如此辉煌的成就,主要原因是京瓷公司在管理方面具有独特的优势：用科学的管理方式降低成本,注重员工凝聚力的企业文化,对海外企业的管理实行“和魂洋才”的原则。其中,在稻盛和夫经营哲学基础上建立起来的企业文化是京瓷公司管理方面最大的优势。     

稻盛哲学对话〔连载一〕

这里译介的是作家加藤胜美与企业家稻盛和夫的对话。在轻松自然的气氛中 ,稻盛和夫从“孩子王时代”的琐事 ,谈到松风工业“修行”的岁月 ;从创立京瓷公司的前前后后 ,谈到第二电电的创建。不仅有助于我们了解稻盛和夫艰辛而充满创造快乐的创业道路 ,独特的经营理念、经营战略的形成过程 ,也可以让我们真切地感受到一个优秀企业领导者的所想与谈吐的个人风格。     

京瓷公司阿米巴经营的制度经济学分析

在京瓷公司成立5年后的1964年,为了保持公司的发展活力,稻盛和夫独创阿米巴经营方式——在生产过程中,把整个组织分成许多独立核算的小组。这种经营方式对京瓷公司的发展壮大产生了极为重要的影响。从制度经济学的视角看,作为一种制度,阿米巴经营在京瓷公司取得成功,关键在于它恰当安排了自利的动力机制和权威命令的动力机制,以及京瓷公司良好的制度环境。阿米巴经营在成功追求利他目标的同时,本身也有一定的局限性。     

稻盛哲学与京瓷的环保战略

稻盛和夫的哲学立足于企业经营,但又不局限于此。他的哲学还涉及到环境保护、技术开发、发达国家与发展中国家的关系等。稻盛和夫的共生循环思想回答了企业发展与环境保护的关系问题。这一思想付诸实践,就形成了京瓷公司的环保战略和日本的循环经济。     

经营何以需要哲学

本文依据稻盛和夫先生在“东北师范大学稻盛和夫经营哲学研究中心”成立庆典上的演讲稿整理,由日本京瓷公司提供,以飨读者。演讲地是：东北师范大学逸夫教学楼;演讲时间：2001年10月25日。     

多元化经营--论稻盛和夫的经营策略

多元化是企业管理的重要问题。在四十多年的经营实践中,稻盛和夫不断延伸原有的陶瓷技术,开发新产品,使京瓷公司在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。本文以京瓷公司为例,探讨企业多元化的前提条件、应遵循的原则等问题,以期为中国企业家提供相应的借鉴。     

《干法》读书讨论会纪要

东北师范大学日本研究所每学年都要开设＂稻盛和夫经营哲学研究＂的课程,讲授日本知名企业家稻盛和夫的人文理念、经营哲学和宗教精神。该课程力求理论联系实际,结合课堂讨论、企业经营录像等形式,向学生介绍京瓷公司和稻盛哲学的最新发展。2010年,稻盛和夫以78岁高龄出任日航CEO,随后推出了《干法》一书（华文出版社2010年5月）,这是稻盛和夫首次与普通读者分享工作心得。该书在日本多次再版。2010年11月16日,在＂稻盛和夫经营哲学研究＂的课堂上,同学们对这本书发表了自己的感想。本文由钟放根据发言记录整理而成。     

《人为什么活着》读书讨论会纪要

东北师范大学日本研究所每学年都要开设＂稻盛和夫经营哲学研究＂的课程,讲授日本知名企业家稻盛和夫的人文理念、经营哲学和宗教精神。该课程力求理论联系实际,结合课堂讨论、企业经营录像等形式,向学生介绍京瓷公司和稻盛哲学的最新发展。除世界经济专业外,国际政治、世界历史、日语语言文学专业,甚至经济学院的学生也都选修或旁听这门课程。2009年2月,稻盛和夫先生的《人为什么活着》一书在中国人民大学出版社出版,很快在学术界和企业界引起强烈反响。该书已经成为＂稻盛和夫经营哲学研究＂这门课程的必读书。2009级硕士研究生认真研读了该书,在2010年1月10日的课堂上组织了一次小型学习讨论会,参加人主要是日本所世界经济专业的硕士生。本文由钟放根据记录整理。     

试析稻盛和夫的人生经历与经营哲学的形成

稻盛和夫(1932～)是一个成功的企业家,他所创建的两家企业：京瓷公司声名远播,第二电讯电话(简称为第二电电)公司现已跻身于世界500强,这在世界的企业家中也是罕见的。而探讨稻盛和夫获得成功的原因,无疑是经济研究、企业管理研究的一个重要课题。     

西乡隆盛与大久保利通的行为模式对稻盛和夫的影响

鹿儿岛县在日本近现代历史上是英杰辈出的地方。最著名的当属“明治维新三杰”中的西乡隆盛、大久保利通,虽然他们的性格、命运有天壤之别,但两人都为日本近代化作出了不可磨灭的功绩。京瓷公司是当代日本与三菱、三井齐名的大企业,其创始人稻盛和夫也来自鹿儿岛县。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.