Lincoln and the Constitution: A Unionist for the Sake of Liberty

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为了雪域精灵藏羚羊

为了保护高原精灵藏羚羊,索南达杰倒下了,扎巴多杰离开了人世,野牦牛队在高原上爬冰卧雪,矢志不渝,他们的心血和付出没有白费,青藏高原的环保问题很快引起了全球的关注,得到了国家的支持,受到了省上的重视。国际的关注:1981年,藏羚羊被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录1,明确规定,禁止一切形式的藏羚羊及其产品贸易性进出口活动;1999年10月12日至14日《,濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》秘书处在中国西宁召开了“藏羚羊保护及贸易控制国际研讨会”。这次会议形成和发布了两个世界性文件,一是《藏羚羊保护及贸易控制决议》,另一个是…     

实业建国 教育兴国 政党治国——论辛亥革命后黄兴的政治主张

辛玄革命后,黄兴认为民族革命的任务已经完成,故而提出了实业建国、政党治国、教育兴国三位一体的政治主张。即通过积极扶植和建设资本主义商企业,发展经济,增强国力,以实现民生主义;建设资产阶级政党,积极参加竞选活动,实行责任阁,以实现民权主义;振兴教育,培育人才,则是建国、兴国的重要途径。     

Patterns of Temporary Mobility in Australia: Evidence from the 1991 Census

While Census data are generally employed to examine permanent migration, they also provide a unique window on temporary population movements, a phenomenon largely neglected in Australia. Building on the work of Zelinsky, this paper outlines a conceptual framework for analysis of temporary mobility and reviews the strengths and limitations of the Census as a source of information. Data from the 1991 Australian Census are then used to analyse the incidence of temporary movements, the characteristics of temporary movers, and their spatial distribution. It is shown that temporary mobility is selective of certain groups and that there are substantial concentrations of temporary movers in both coastal and inland locations. By combining analysis of their origins with the attributes of their destinations, a preliminary typology of temporary population movement is proposed. The concluding section considers the implications of this form of mobility and identifies some avenues for further research.     

Governing system innovation: assisted living experiments in the UK and Norway

Debates on how to address societal challenges have moved to the forefront of academic and policy concerns. Of particular importance is the growing awareness that to deal with issues such as ageing, it will be necessary to implement concerted efforts on technological, social, institutional or political fronts. Drawing on a number of theoretical perspectives – including socio-technical transitions and embedded state theory – the aim of this paper is to identify and understand different approaches to the governance of such system innovations by comparing state responses to assisted living in two contrasting national systems of care, namely that of the UK and Norway. Its findings highlight that state-supported and funded experimentation projects have been instrumental in designing and implementing system innovation: through their emphasis on co-design and co-creation, these projects demonstrated the value of early implementation pilots to explore the ‘fit’ between novel technologies and prevailing practices and institutional structures in national systems of care. Still, competition, biases or conflicting interests should not be ignored between well-established agents and institutions and experimental solutions whose efficacy remains relatively untested and which involve a combination of new technical, social, organizational and institutional solutions.     

美国两党治国政策的重新定位--克林顿的中间路线

20世纪以来 ,美国统治阶级的治国政策曾有过两次重大转折 :第一次是 30年代初民主党总统富兰克林·Ｄ .罗斯福摒弃了 2 0年代共和党的保守主义治国政策 ,实行以“国家干预”为特征的“新政” ,克服了空前严重的经济危机。此后 ,民主党的“新政”式新自由主义路线统治美国长达 40余年。第二次是 2 0世纪 80年代初共和党的罗纳德·里根总统 ,面对日益恶化的新的“滞胀”危机和民主党新自由主义路线的失灵 ,毅然转向新保守主义 ,全面推行以“自由市场”为特征的社会经济改革 ,创造了经济增长持续 92个月的里根式经济奇迹。然而 ,里根的新保守主…     

Arable in England and Wales: estimates from the 1801 Crop Return

This study is based on the 1801 Crop Return for England and Wales, an inquiry which took the form of an arable crops census. Over 75% of the county areas of 12 English and Welsh counties is represented in the surviving Return but under 25% for 13 others. For England and Wales together nearly 50% of the total area is represented. The national distribution of the main grain crops is investigated; and an aggregate analysis of arable England and Wales in 1801 is made. The main result is to produce two different estimates to suggest that arable England and Wales was something over 7 million acres and something under 8 million acres in 1801, the higher estimate comparing very favourably with contemporary ones. Finally, since the Return is extant at parish or township level, it is suggested that it can be subjected to further investigation and to sampling, to break free from the constraints imposed by the county approach by studying or identifying farming regions.     

The Return of the Dead: Revenants in Flemish Traditional and Contemporary Legends

In Flemish modern revenant legends the dead are no longer presented as poor souls who need the help of the living. These legends focus on the living rather than on the dead, and possibly reflect our doubts and fears about death, which is no longer the exclusive territory of the Church.     

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浪漫主义史学与后现代主义史学都是对现代性作出的回应。基于对空间的关注,它们都反对现代主义的线性历史观,强调史学研究的多重视角。在历史观念和历史书写上,它们呈现出诸多相似性:如对特殊主义、地域主义、偶然性、奇闻轶事、多元性、开放性、差异性的强调;在怀乡情绪中表现历史写作的诗性和审美维度;对微观史和日常生活史的书写等。这表明后现代主义史学在某种程度上是对浪漫主义史学更高层次的回归。     

落叶归宗故人情

1998年初,当我把拙编《赣东北民俗情》寄给远在台湾的民俗学家娄子匡先生,时年89岁的娄先生亲笔复函：“顷蒙寄赠大作,捧读之余,谨此函谢。赣东乃弟之原籍故乡,爱乡情切,对故乡风俗记载之书,尤为心仪,今得尊编,除仔细捧读,必将永为保存。如可能拷贝若干,分赠世界各大图书馆库藏,永留人间。如有续编问世,敬乞再赐鸿文!”     

Translation de Domicile: Rethinking Sedentarity and Mobility in the Early Modern French Countryside

Was the countryside of early modern France marked fundamentallyby mobility or sedentarity? Tax rolls suggest the former, highendogamy rates the latter. For the period 1660–1720, ararely used source, the registers of translation de domicile(change of tax domicile), provide a more comprehensive answerthan civil or tax records. They suggest that, first, 60,000–70,000better-off families moved each year; second, poor migrants,such as day labourers, rarely made declarations; third, thosewho owned land, moved far less often; fourth, laboureurs typicallymoved between 10 and 40 kilometres to take on farms of greaterimportance; fifth, cottagers and day labourers moved to a nearbyvillage, rarely more than 5 kilometres away and finally, menand their families moved for economic gain, whereas women movedbecause of economic loss, after the death of their husband.Because the laboureurs dominated the villages—for example,paying most of the taxes—their movement shook the villagein fundamental ways. The translation de domicile registers indicatevillages open to the outside, full of in-migrants, whose economicstatus often bore a close correlation to the distance of theirmove (high-long, low-short).