From Force to Legitimation: Rethinking Land Grabs in Cambodia

This article moves beyond a focus on the brute force involved in high‐profile land grabs to examine the way legitimation, regulation and coercion intersect in Cambodia's property regime. It builds on the ‘powers of exclusion’ framework developed by Hall, Hirsch and Li to argue that increased connections within civil society in Cambodia and engagement with Western commodity markets have motivated state and private concessionaires to use different means of land exclusion, with less outright force and a greater focus on repressive regulation and legitimation. These exclusionary powers work through informal political connections, secrecy and obfuscation, which the authors term the ‘power of informality’. This argument is substantiated with two case studies that illustrate a move away from the dominant narrative of forceful expulsion of land users in Economic Land Concessions (ELC) towards approaches that provide in‐kind compensation and carve out land for smallholders: a recent land titling campaign in ELC areas, and the first oil palm ELC to gain responsible investment certification. While the authors remain cautious of the implications of this shift, given the persistence of the power of informality, these cases illustrate the potential for new forms of state–society relations: a shift from fear of authorities to a demand for greater accountability and responsiveness.     

交通贸易与明代山东土地开发

交通与贸易是影响土地开发的两个重要因素。明代山东各地虽然都不同程度地开展了一些贸易活动,并且也或多或少地促进了当地土地的开发,但总体来看,多数地区仍面临着因交通贸易相对欠发达而造成的土地开发受阻的事实。具体而言,各地又有所差别,地处东部沿海的青州、莱州、登州三府因在交通与贸易方面皆远远落后于地处西部运河沿岸的济南、兖州、东昌三府,因此交通贸易对土地开发的限制较西三府表现得更为突出。有鉴于东三府交通贸易严重阻碍土地开发的现状,任职于当地的一些官员提出了实行海上自由贸易及开通胶莱河等主张。     

民间文学的再认识

“什么是民间文学”,似乎是早已解决了的问题。“民间文学是劳动人民的口头创作,它在广大人民群众当中流传,主要反映人民大众的生活和思想感情,表现他们的审美观念和艺术情趣,具有自己的艺术特色。”这是20多年前的权威性定义。如今,关于什么是民间文学的认定并没有发生多大变化,依旧认为,     

Independent Child Migration and Education in Ghana

Drawing on interviews with young migrants who have moved from rural, farming households in northeastern Ghana to rural and urban households in central and southern Ghana, this article explores the inter‐connections between children's migration and children's access to formal and non‐formal education. In contrast to the positive light in which education is usually presented, the findings of the research suggest a more ambiguous and complex picture, and illuminate both positive and negative aspects of the linkages between education and children's independent migration.     

论明代士人的"异业治生"

士作为知识与智能的承载者,其治生类型大致可概括为本业治生与异业治生两种。明代士人的异业治生,主要包括耕读传家、医卜杂艺、工贾自食三种方式。由于本业治生途径的狭窄、收益低下与不稳定,中国传统社会的士人形成了"重异轻本"的治生理念。这一理念随着明代社会的变迁与商品经济的发展渐趋深化,并呈现出由重"耕"向重"贾"的演变趋势。这种演变一定程度上提升了士人的生存能力,促动了其社会人格的相对独立。但与此同时,也加深了士人对异业治生的依赖程度,导致其经济人格的渐趋软弱与社会人格独立的相对有限,并成为影响近世中国知识分子群体生存与发展的一个内在因素。     

“浙东史学”再认识

自章学诚《史通义》有专篇论述“浙东学术”以来,梁启超、钱穆、何炳松、陈训慈、金毓黻、刘节、杜维运、朱仲玉、叶建华等学对浙东学术的精华“浙东史学”都有论及。但浙东史学作为一个学术范畴,至今尚未有大致统一的认识。上述学的论述,或偏重于某一个时期,或着眼于浙东的某一个地区,或研究一二个重要学人。本在上述各家看法的基础上,试把浙东史学作为一个在一定区域内不断发展的史学流派进行研究,并概括其史学学术特点,以期说明它在中国史学史上的地位。     

对地缘政治学批判的再思考

本文探讨了政治地理学最重要流派的地缘政治学的理论、发展和实践;对“反动”的德国地缘政治学历史批判的渊源进行了探索。作者认为,地缘政治学在二次大战后的一度衰落,仅是其理论组成之一的国家有机体学说,而另一理论组成的地缘战略学研究一直是地缘政治学研究的主流,是历史和当今国际关系研究的重要基础;德国的地缘政治学,其理论的合理部分,其研究所用的方法,对今天的地缘政治学研究仍有意义,应该历史地、客观地、科学地探讨德国地缘政治学的合理内核,恢复其作为一门科学的应有地位,促进政治地理学学科的发展。     

唐代農村家庭生計探略

唐代的農村家庭是一個典型的生産單位和經濟單位。本文通過對於農家的土地占有和糧食産量等資料的考證,討論當時農民家庭的基本收入、消費和生産成本,試圖給出唐代農家經濟生活的大致輪廓。作爲比較的參照系,還對於一般城市平民和低級官僚家庭生活作了簡單勾勒。     

Rethinking European Integration in the Competition Domain

This symposium explores the causes and consequences of European competition policy. I make two points in this essay, which the authors of the symposium reinforce. First, European integration is best examined from a public policy perspective, which focuses on the course of action that European public authorities decide (or not) to take. Second, the workings of competition policy in Europe cannot be understood without examining policies both at the European Union level and at national levels. The main benefit of the approach is to encourage cross-fertilization across several fields. Concepts and tools from policy studies and comparative politics are used to inform phenomena that have been investigated until recently mainly by international relations scholars.     

古代北方的水质与民生

水质与民生密切相关,中国南北地理环境不同决定了水质的差异。一般而言,古代南方的日常生活用水以江河湖泉为多,外在"所染"为其水质问题的主要方面;北方民生用水以井水为多,井水自身"所含"的水质问题则较突出,由此而引发的地方病也和南方地区有较大差异。井水咸苦长期困扰北方居民的日常生活,它曾对历史时期北方国都营建产生重要影响,对各级治所的经营也有所制约。水质是生态环境问题也是社会问题,不同时代、地域、阶层对北方水质有不同感知,历经实践浸染与文字流布,这一日常生活的身体实践逐渐演变成为一种知识、观念乃至于文化。     

蜀文化研究之反思——为纪念三星堆祭祀坑发现二十周年而作

根据考古出土资料,学术界对古代蜀文化进行了多方面研究,包括蜀文化的渊源、蜀文化是长江上游的文明中心、蜀文化和中原商周文化的关系、蜀文化和周边地区考古学文化的关系、蜀文化的发展和迁变、蜀文化的经济、宗教、政权等一系列重要问题,形成了研究高潮。本文对多年来的研究,作了有益的反思。