租界华商与“五四”后的北京政府及西方列强——20世纪20年代初上海租界华人拒贴印花税票研究

北京政府为开征租界内华人印花税,与西方列强进行了长时间交涉,有抗争、亦有妥协,最终于1919年年底达成了《租界内华人实行贴用印花办法》,并拟于1920年1月1日起施行。但是,有令难行,北京政府拟于租界华商中开征印花税之举遭到了强烈抵制,租界华商在上海总商会和马路商界联合会的组织下,以负担过重、"华洋不能一律"为理据,拒贴印花税票,并借助工部局的力量,达到了抵制印花税的目的。在北京政府、西方列强与租界华商的三方博弈中,西方列强是真正的赢家,北京政府和租界华商都是弱者,租界华商只有借助西方列强的力量才得以拒绝印花税,得不到西方列强支持的北京政府没有达到开征印花税的目的,其权威再次受到挑战,工部局则成功地维护了其对租界的管治权。     

"模范区"内华商街

在武汉的老地名中,华商街的故事颇有说道。这个地名可以把汉口历史上著名的实业界人士刘歆生等和首义将军团的诸多人物全部联结起来。华商街,也就是今天和江汉路垂直的江汉二路东段。华商街,顾名思义,就是华商集中的街道。要想知道华商街的得名,了解一段租界史是很有必要的。     

旧汉口的跑马场

旧时代的武汉,曾经先后开办过三家跑马场,即西商跑马场(今解放公园一带)、华商跑马场(今同济医科大学一带)、万国跑马场(今唐家墩附近).与租界一样,跑马场也是帝国主义侵略中国的产物,是西方侵略者和洋行买办娱乐、消遣和寻求刺激的重要场所.跑马场起源于欧洲,属“舶来品”.武汉开埠后.西方侵略者便在这里辟租界,建洋行,还修建洋商波罗馆(俱乐部).但他们并不满足,又继续在租界外侵占土地,修建球场和赛马场,形成了租界外的租界.最先办起的是西商跑马场,它的全称是“汉口西商赛马体育会”.1902年,英国人以贱价从洋行买办、“地皮大王”刘歆生手里购得汉口西北部水荒地800亩,于1905年正式辟为西商跑马场.     

私产·市债·工潮——民国时期收回天津比租界的历史考察

天津比租界是南京国民政府时期唯一一个完全通过谈判收回的租界。该租界设立后,比利时政府并未着意建设,而是将其经营权让与私人公司。1927年比方在中比修约谈判过程中承诺交还该租界,随后的交还谈判却由于比方在"私产"问题上做文章及北京政府的垮台而中辍。南京国民政府与比利时签订平等新约后,中比重开谈判,双方在比租界专管公司资产性质、租界市政债务等方面僵持不下,其间比商天津电车电灯公司工潮的爆发打断了谈判进程。而后,比方在英国的影响下提出以向中方出售地亩的方式偿还市债的方案,最终南京国民政府妥协让步,双方订约。中国收回比租界的交涉过程既反映出比租界特殊的治理模式所引发的连带问题,亦凸显收回租界谈判中诸如私产性质、市债处置及列强在修约问题上互为援引等共性问题。     

“孤岛”往事——抗战洪流中的教育家陈鹤琴

1937年8月13日,日军向上海发起进攻。随着战火的蔓延,百万难民从闸北、浦东涌入上海公共租界和法租界、英租界及南市安全区,在南京路、霞飞路等昔日繁华地区,到处可见流离失所的难民,形容枯槁的妇孺和衣衫褴褛的儿童,蜷曲在路边或沿街乞     

20世纪60年代美国女权运动的特点

20世纪60年代受自由主义思潮的影响,伴随着如火如荼的黑人民权运动、学生反战运动,美国女权主义者为推进女性解放,争取平等权利,掀起了一场"新女权运动"。这次运动具有与当时的美国民权运动相结合、思想理论空前活跃与完备、组织建设大有提高、斗争策略更加灵活多样的特点,很大程度上改善了美国妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的地位,对美国社会产生了深远的影响。     

日伪对上海新闻界的屠杀

上海在民国时期集中了大量的中外报刊、广播电台与通讯社,在国内外都有重要的影响。日军占领上海后,非常注意控制报刊舆论。当时上海的许多新闻机构都设在英、法租界,日军一时不能进入这里,就胁迫英、法租界当局取缔抗日言论与宣传。1937年11月13日,淞沪抗战刚刚结束,租界当局就发表谈话,警告凡在租界的华文报纸立论要更加慎重,不准有“日寇、汉奸”等字样在报上出现,也不准报纸报道抗战与惩处汉奸的消息。1937年12月13日南京陷落的当天,租界当局便同意日方在南京路的哈同     

晚清租界的早期发展与领事裁判权问题由来

晚清以降,因租界的存在,中国逐渐被冠以半殖民地性质。不过,外国人租界自觉与中国人街区分离,其实是广州十三行旧商馆运作方式的一种延续,但在鸦片战争后其性质逐渐发生变化,即外国人接受甚至开始珍惜这种被孤立的状态,在借用条约将其独立状态合法化后,开始不断将中国应有的法权从租界排挤出去,直至他们在租界内拥有绝对的法权,昔日的黄金圈住地演变成了专属特权地,成为中国人敌视的目标。最初的租界并不是作为殖民地诞生的,租界发展成为具有殖民地性质的特别区域自有其过程。     

生成里和方正里

开栏小语:提到武汉的老里份,就像提到北京的四合院,上海的弄堂,苏州的巷子,它们都是一个城市独特的民居文化,或者说是一个城市的名片。1861年汉口被迫开埠通商后,长江岸线上建立了英、俄、法、德、日五国租界。目睹租界里的近代化城市风物,以及沿海"得风气之先"的城市新出现的石库门住宅,使得在汉口租界内外进行房地产开发的华商们,对这种西方低层联排式住宅和中国传统的四合院式建筑的结合体趋之若鹜,以至于在19世纪末到20世纪     

阜昌街--汉口南京路的前身

阜昌街是过去汉口英租界的一条重要街道。1946年改名为南京路。阜昌街当年的知名单位及其房屋建筑，在沧桑岁月中，虽然早已消失，但它们的旧址尚可找到，如英租界工部局、巡捕房、波罗馆、维多利亚会堂、俄商阜昌洋行、天主堂医院等。阜昌街有3处大楼建筑——日本横滨正金银行汉口分行、汉口商业银行、大孚银行至今犹在。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the