差异和差距:中国和北美旅游地理博士学位论文的比较研究

通过对56篇中国旅游地理学博士学位论文和76篇北美论文的比较研究发现:中国旅游地理研究的博士学位论文滞后于北美,但中国博士论文增长速度快于北美;北美论文选题视野宽泛而中国论文选题视角比较狭窄;北美旅游地理博士学位论文选题的学科本位特征比较明显,而中国旅游地理博士学位论文选题的实践驱动比较突出;由于中国和北美旅游业发展背景和所处发展阶段不同或研究者对旅游地理问题认识的差异使其博士学位论文选题倾向有明显不同,即使在同一时期也有不同的研究热点。在北美,旅游影响研究和旅游景观/形象/感知研究是两个长盛不衰的课题且涉及的论文数量最多;在中国,涉及最多的研究领域是区域旅游开发/发展和生态旅游。     

STRATEGIC ESSENTIALISM AND THE FUTURE OF ETHNOHISTORY IN NORTH AMERICA

Leeds, Anthony, Sanjek, Roger, eds. Cities, Classes and the Social Order. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994. xiii + 272 pp. including bibliography and index. $39.95 cloth; $16.95 paper.     

窥视北美

可以旅行到美国了,加拿大也在争当下一站。北美洲,这片土地,我们了解得很多,不了解的更多。一位作家、一个乐队,就当是开启的小窗户吧。     

THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA OF THE USSR

A set of contemporary and increasingly urgent environmental problems in the USSR are surveyed, emerging as a result of continued development and technological change and mandating, in effect, a new environmental agenda. Analysis of specific problems reveals ways in which the new agenda must differ from the old: it must be more ecologically based, more comprehensive, and more global in scope. A concluding section examines how this agenda appears to be evolving over time, and identifies components which will be essential in order for it to effectively address the environmental challenges of the next century.     

MAP OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ESKIMOS AND NATIVE CREENLANDERS IN NORTH AMERICA

RÉSUMÉ. Cette carte de caractére pédagogique montrela répartition des esquimaux et natijs groenlandais de l'Amérique du nord. Les autorités concernées out gracieusement fourni les données nécessaires à la compilation de cette carte, bien que celle-ci aille au-delà des statistiques déjà publiées. Parmi certaines difficultés, on note celles engendrées par la localisation de ces emplacements rapportés lors du dernier recensement, mais dont on a pas retrouve trace depuis.
l'emploi de symboles circulaires s'est avéré inéfficace dans ce cas-ci, la vérité des dimensions des localités obscurcissant outre mesure la représentation graphique de la population. Un systéme multicirculaire jut dont adopté même si celui-ci tend à jausser quelque peu le nombre des villages. Un tableau dans le texte montre les données de la population selon le recensement, de même que la position géogra-phique de chacun des endroits. Des remercie-ments sont adressés à l'endroit des officiers du recensement des trois gouvernements concernés, ainsi qu à tous ceux qui ont rendu possible la préparation de cette carte.     

THE EFFECT OF LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON HOUSING COSTS

This paper examines the effects of various land use and environmental regulations on land and housing markets. Seven widely used techniques for controlling residential development appear to generate four “direct” and two “indirect” inflationary impacts. Land use and environmental controls directly affect the supply and cost of residential land, shift the cost of public services forward to developers, and increase delay and compliance costs associated with project evaluation. Development controls may also inadvertently facilitate monopolistic behavior in the development industry and predispose developers to orient their projects to high income groups onto which they can more easily pass along higher costs. The paper concludes by offering several policies for reducing the inflationary effects of environmental regulations.     

LAND AND HOUSING IN THE USSR DURING THE GORBACHEV YEARS

An American urban and regional scholar familiar with the Soviet scene surveys changes in USSR and republic legislation on housing and land (both urban and rural) and outlines “grey” areas falling in the gap between extant Soviet law and yet-to-be-enacted republican legislation. He identifies changes in the land use pattern which can be expected as land begins to be transformed into a form of property where use decisions predominantly are made by private actors. A final section focuses upon the potential significance of these changes, to the extent they materialize, for urban theory in general.     

PANEL ON NATIONALISM IN THE USSR: ENVIRONMENTAL AND TERRITORIAL ASPECTS

A panel of geographers, demographers, and political scientists discusses a broad range of issues related to the resurgence of nationalism in the USSR and its relationship to environmental protest and territorial disputes: the emergence of nationality politics; differential rates of nationality population growth and urbanization; various conceptions of (and levels of autonomy within) ethnic homelands; the spatial pattern of actual and potential territorial claims; linkages between environmentalism and nationalism (with an emphasis on the Baltic and Central Asian republics); parallels and differences between the USSR and other countries; and consequences of efforts to implement republic-level economic autonomy and khozraschet.     

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE LEVELS IN THE LARGEST CITIES OF THE USSR: A MEASURE OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE

An attempt is made to measure the quality of life in the largest cities of the USSR on the basis of the development of various types of social infrastructure. The study set of cities consists of the cities over one million population and any republic capitals below that population level (republic capitals in the Soviet Union are given priority in development regardless of population size). Point scores are assigned to a variety of infrastructure categories, including housing stock, public transportation, retailing, public health, education, culture, water supply, sewage, greenery and air pollution, and physical setting. Although Moscow and Leningrad top the list in overall scores, even these two cities require improvements in some infrastructure areas.     

TRAVELOGUE ON THE UNINHABITED LAND OF NORTH TIBET

<正>Setting foot on the eternally snow-covered Qinghai-Tibet national road and heading to the"roof of the world",my gaze was unavoidably fixed on the vast but harsh conditions in the north-west of the Tibetan plateau.This is the"Changtang uninhabited land"to which people so often refer. It has been about 20 years since I last encountered the"uninhabited land"of North Tibet.Surprisingly,however,today I find this mysterious land has undergone an earthshaking change.     

SCARCITY AND AGRICULTURAL LAND RENT IN LIGHT OF THE CAPITAL CONTROVERSY: THREE VIEWS*

This paper examines the different theories of agricultural land rent proposed by the neoclassical, Marxist, and neo-Ricardian schools of economic thought. In so doing the paper undertakes two tasks: first, to explore the different definitions of scarcity that emerge from each school; and secondly to check the consistency between the view of scarcity and the analytical theory of rent that each school proposes. It is concluded that for each of the schools there is an inconsistency between their respective view of scarcity and the corresponding theory of rent, although the reasons for that inconsistency vary. It is further argued that although this inconsistency cannot be resolved for the case of neoclassical economics, there is some prospect of resolution for Marxist and neo-Ricardian theories.     

中外人文地理学论文写作之差别

对人文地理学者而言,论文的写作与发表至关重要。基于新世纪以来的个人学术阅读,认为国内人文地理学论文写作在不断进步,但与欧美人文地理期刊上的论文相比,还存在一些差距。这种差距主要表现在研究思路、理论框架、文献综述、引证、讨论等部分,笔者作了初步的探讨。在学术论文写作中,我们需要基于自己的方法论,认真交待研究问题和研究思路,阐明理论框架,完善文献综述,认真对待引证,并改进讨论部分的写作。