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1.
    
A brief overview is provided on the development of histology as an independent discipline at the University of Pavia, through documents and preparations preserved in the Museum for the History of the University. Studies on the organization of tissues and cells started blooming in the mid-1850s, when morphological observations were supported by significant technical advancements in microscopy and tissue preparation. The role of Albert Koelliker, the great father of European Histology in the second half of 19 th century, is also discussed. Koelliker had several contacts with Camillo Golgi and promoted the diffusion of Golgi's discoveries. The authors also underline the innovative role of Camillo Golgi in the histological approach to research and in the foundation of modern histology.  相似文献   

2.
When “antipsychotic” drugs were introduced into psychiatry in the 1950s, they were thought to work by inducing a state of neurological suppression, which reduced behavioral disturbance as well as psychotic symptoms. This view was reflected in the name “neuroleptic.” Within a few years, however, the idea that the drugs were a disease-specific treatment for schizophrenia or psychosis, and that they worked by modifying the underlying pathology of the condition, replaced this earlier view, and they became known as “antipsychotics.” This transformation of views about the drugs' mode of action occurred with little debate or empirical evaluation in the psychiatric literature and obscured earlier evidence about the nature of these drugs. Drug advertisements in the British Journal of Psychiatry reflect the same changes, although the nondisease-specific view persisted for longer. It is suggested that professional interests rather than scientific merit facilitated the rise of the disease-specific view of drug action. The increasing popularity of atypical antipsychotics makes it important to examine the origins of the assumptions on which modern drug treatment is based.  相似文献   

3.
Aretaeus of Cappadocia's classification of headache has been referred to for many centuries. Several Latin translations and an English translation (1856) of his books have been published in the past. We translated the pertinent texts on headache from the Greek text as published by Hude in 1958. In this paper, we present an annotated translation preceded by an outline of contemporary knowledge of headache from Celsus’ De Medicina. Although symptomatic headache was most probably involved in the types of headache identified by Aretaeus and the making of retrospective diagnoses is hazardous, the terms heterocrania and cephalea may be compared with what today we would call migraine and tension type headache respectively.  相似文献   

4.
Basal ganglia have been generally used to refer to some subcortical nuclei. However, it is a misnomer since ganglion is a group of nerve cells especially located outside of the brain or spinal cord. We evaluated the terminology of the basal ganglia from historical and terminological points of view.  相似文献   

5.
我国出境旅游者不文明行为改变的策略研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
齐善鸿  焦彦  杨钟红 《人文地理》2009,24(5):111-115
我国公民在出境旅游中的不文明行为现状与日益强调国家软实力的国际竞争趋势,使提升国民文明素质变得更为紧迫。然而,国民文明素质的提升是一项持久工程,国家软实力的较量却在时刻进行。我国快速发展的出境旅游既向国民提出了提升文明素质的要求,也面临着急需即时改变旅游不文明行为的压力。本文首先对以往改变旅游不文明行为的误区进行了剖析,然后在分析旅游者不文明行为发生与改变规律的基础上,对旅游不文明行为改变的阶段性特征进行了讨论,进而针对改变不文明行为的关键点提出了积极的对策。  相似文献   

6.
本文以生态脆弱群体的就医偏好与决策行为为研究对象,运用问卷调查和访谈,从生态脆弱群体的属性特征和社会因素两个方面,构建logistic回归模型,分析生态脆弱群体就医偏好与决策行为。从回归模型的整体拟合来看,自变量与各别因变量之间存在显著的线性关系,其渐进Sig.(双侧)值均小于0.05。其中:生态脆弱群体的教育程度、经济和身体状况等属性特征与生态脆弱群体的就医偏好存在显著线性关系;社会因素中医疗服务满意程度、医疗条件的优劣、就医程序复杂程度与生态脆弱群体的就医决策行为存在显著线性关系。据此,形成了两种类型的就医行为模式,即\"自养\"和\"异养\"型模式。研究结果可为生态脆弱群体就医行为类型的划分提供借鉴,促进行为地理学和健康地理学的融合研究。  相似文献   

7.
在心理学中,态度是指“经验体系化反应的准备阶段,亦即人们对其他事物的认识喜恶及反应等心理倾向”。本就新时期社会价值观念转变而引起的旅游企业管理与被管理对事物认识和反映心理倾向的变化,探讨这种变化在旅游企业员工行为管理中的作用。  相似文献   

8.
赵春雨  苏勤  徐波 《人文地理》2011,26(6):107-113
中国农村劳动力就业行为的特殊性与复杂性引起国内外学者的广泛关注。农村劳动力流动特征、流动原因、产生的影响等是目前研究的传统思路。从行为地理学视角,以就业感知行为、就业决策行为、就业行为、就业体验行为为基本内容,建立了农村劳动力就业空间行为研究的分析框架。以江苏、山东、安徽的三个样本村为典型案例地,通过实地调研、问卷访谈和统计分析后,认为现阶段中国农村劳动力就业空间行为类型主要有本地农业就业型、本地非农就业型、外地流动就业型三种类型,分析了各就业类型的空间行为特征:农村劳动力在就业前对预期就业的环境感知都不强,感知强度与距离和生活环境关联密切;经济因素是影响农村劳动力就业的主要因素,但对不同空间类型劳动力的影响程度不同;我国农村劳动力就业普遍存在兼业现象,且从事的行业、部门也在不断变化;农村劳动力就业满意度以本地非农就业型为最高,其它两类满意度都较低。  相似文献   

9.
基于居民移动-活动行为的城市空间研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
柴彦威  沈洁 《人文地理》2006,21(5):108-112,54
在以人为本及后现代思潮的大背景下,人文地理学研究越来越关注个体人的行为以及生活质量问题,基于居民移动-活动行为的城市空间研究正成为人文地理及城市规划学等学科的焦点。论文在对城市活动空间研究及城市交通出行研究中的问题进行梳理的基础上,提出一个基于居民移动-活动行为的城市空间研究新框架,强调行为与空间之间的互动关系,强调RP法和SP法的结合,强调现实行为、现实空间与理想行为、理想空间之间的和谐。  相似文献   

10.
蔡洁  赵毅 《旅游科学》2005,19(2):24-27,47
随着女性在社会生活中的地位越来越高,女性出游人数逐年上升,本文作者通过实地调查来渝的国内女性游客,尝试对女性旅游者的消费特点做出分析。本文对女性旅游者的人口学特征(年龄、职业、月收入、文化程度)和行为特征(旅游目的、信息来源、旅游方式)进行分析,从而得出女性旅游者出游行为的一般规律,并在此基础上从旅游产品开发、服务设施完善及促销方面探讨了女性旅游市场的开发对策。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out whether bromide was able to cause conversion of epilepsy to psychosis i.e., so‐called paradoxical normalization such as has been seen in treatment with modern antiepileptic drugs. Spontaneous conversion has been known for three hundred years. Locock introduced bromide in the treatment of epilepsy in 1857. Belgrave wrote in 1868 on its effect on epileptic attacks and concommitant insanity. In 1868 Holm observed reduction of the frequency of seizures at the same time as psychotic symptoms or just dysphoria. In 1875 Voisin described a dose‐dependent intoxication with psychosis and/or neurological signs. Stark in 1875 and Bannister in 1881 were the first to clearly describe the antagonism between epileptic seizures and psychotic symptoms, an antagonism or conversion described by many authors, both in cases with high and low dosage, and with and without intoxication. Thus, the title of this paper should be answered in the affirmative.

Bromide has been used as a sedative and has rarely caused intoxication. Thus the presence of epilepsy is not a condition for the development of bromide intoxication. A case with epilepsy and fatal massive bromide intoxication is reported. It is discussed whether the pathological findings give support to Wolf's hypothesis of latent epileptic activity in subcortical pathways during “normalization”;.  相似文献   

12.
有关温州侨乡的研究并不多,仅有的少数研究认为,温州侨乡之所以有那么多人不断地涌向海外,是因为那里存在着"炫耀消费"和"相对失落感".本文从社会网络依赖和行动选择两个层面来解释温州侨乡现象,认为温州侨乡之所以持续存在,是因为社会网络对行动路径的影响造成的,而炫耀性消费和相对失落感仅仅是表象.  相似文献   

13.
王衍用 《人文地理》1996,11(2):60-62
人类在生产生活活动中,涉及到转向时大都按逆时针方向运动,其原因是地球自转方向所致。人类充分利用这一自然行为,可以产生极大的效用。  相似文献   

14.
中外生态旅游者动机与行为的比较研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李明辉  谢辉 《旅游科学》2008,22(3):18-23
本文基于对当今国内外生态旅游者的动机和行为的调查,分析比较了国内外生态旅游者动机与行为的异同。研究发现:大多数国内生态旅游者的旅游动机是“缓解压力”和“欣赏自然”,而在国外生态旅游者中,旅游动机为“寻求新的体验”和“了解自然”的居多;环境纯净、风景优美的自然生态旅游地是现今中外旅游者的首选;影响国外生态旅游者选择何种旅游产品的因素主要与旅游地的情况有关,而旅游产品价格、旅行社服务水平对国内生态旅游者的旅游地选择的影响较大;中外生态旅游者的团队在构成上有比较大的差别;导游讲解和导游手册/景区标识牌是国内生态旅游者增进对景区了解的主要途径,而国外游客对旅行社与导游的需求较少;当环保行为与游客自身利益发生冲突时,国内游客还是表现出比较强烈的自利思想,而国外游客则表现出比较坚定的环境信念。本文的最后提出了对我国生态旅游健康发展的建议。  相似文献   

15.
    
The cerebellum is presently recognized as an important structure for cognitive, emotional, and behavioral integration and exerts such activities through its newer parts that belong to the cerebrocerebellar system. Two bundles relate the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum—an anterior (frontopontine) projection (Arnold's bundle) and a posterior (temporo-occipito-parietal-pontine) projection (Türck's bundle). The historical development and the controversies about the eponym of the bundle named after Türck is reviewed. Besides the researchers and authors that were in agreement with Meynert, of a tract he described, and apparently in a deliberate way named after Türck, others rose to contest the eponym, considering it a misnomer. Despite some controversies, this bundle deserves to maintain the name, Türck's bundle, to honor the outstanding researcher that described it and named it after a notable colleague, possibly as a tribute, and also to mark the difficulties that surrounded this episode of neurological history.  相似文献   

16.
贾铁飞  刘蓉 《人文地理》2015,30(5):140-146
在现场访谈获取访沪游客在沪旅游行为资料数据的基础上,根据不同访沪经历类型游客到访景区(点)的空间与时间数据统计,运用核密度估算方法,得出到访上海国内游客的空间行为特征:①首次访沪、第二次访沪和多次访沪游客的旅游空间行为集聚呈现\"中心城区单核型-中心城区单核外溢型-城、郊并举多核型\"变化模式;②首次访沪游客在沪旅游时间较长,日均到访的景区(点)数较多,而第二次、多次重游上海的游客在沪旅游时间相对缩短、日均到访景区(点)个数相对缩减,具有只针对单一景区(点)出游的倾向;③游客单次在沪旅游时间和到访景区(点)个数的缩减和单一景区(点)的出游趋向,意味着多次访沪游客已具备以上海为目的地的潜在度假旅游动机。据此,讨论了我国城市旅游发展中重点拓展休闲度假旅游,建设城、郊并举\"多核心\"旅游空间行为集聚区等问题。  相似文献   

17.
李耀  王新新 《人文地理》2011,26(6):138-143
休闲产业的健康发展离不开对休闲消费行为的准确理解和把握,但是目前消费者行为视角的休闲研究还很少且比较分散。鉴于此,本文从消费者行为视角出发,对国外休闲动机、休闲行为和休闲满意度的相关研究成果进行了述评,系统地回答了休闲消费者为什么参与休闲活动、休闲消费者如何选择休闲活动、休闲行为如何变化、休闲消费者如何评价休闲活动等方面的问题,并从休闲产品开发、休闲产业发展趋势、休闲服务质量提高三个方面探讨了其对国内休闲研究的指导意义。  相似文献   

18.
跨文化旅游者消费行为研究综述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
近年来,随着旅游活动全球化的发展,跨文化旅游者的消费模式成为旅游学界关注的热点问题。本文通过国内外实证研究的文献检索,对不同文化背景的旅游者在旅游决策与信息搜集、旅游动机与偏好、客主交往、服务质量评估等方面的消费行为与特征进行述评,最后概括我国学术界的相关研究,并对今后的研究方向提出建议。  相似文献   

19.
王兆峰  谢娟 《人文地理》2013,28(6):142-146
随着互联网的普及和旅游电子商务的发展,旅游网站信息搜寻行为已成为旅游者行为决策研究的重要内容。本文通过对来张家界市旅游游客的实证调查,研究张家界市旅游者信息搜寻的特征和偏好,并进一步采用因子分析法分析了旅游网站信息搜寻对旅游者行为决策的影响。研究发现:张家界市游客对旅游网站的信息搜寻与年龄、职业、知识层次等因素相关;年轻、学历较高的游客访问率更高,而且对网站的依赖程度更大;网络已经成为游客获取旅游信息最重要的渠道;在网络旅游信息有效传播的方式中,百度,Google,综合性门户网站和专门旅游网站优势明显。  相似文献   

20.
深圳居民购物消费行为的时空间特征   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17  
本文以深圳居民消费行为问卷调查的第一手资料为基础,分不同类型商品总结出居民购物消费行为的频率特征、购物时段特征以及空间特征,提出了低等级商品购物的三圈层结构和高等级商品购物的扇形模式。本文还通过购物行为空间与居民属性的相关关系分析对居民购物消费空间予以解释。  相似文献   

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